Frise chronologique: Flora Palmer: Our Family History

1916 - 2007 (91 ans)

	Date	Évènement(s)
1	1869	4 mars 1869—4 mars 1877: Ulysses S. Grant U.S. Presidency
2	1872	1872—1872: Licensing hours introduced 1872—1872: Penalties introduced for failing to register births, marriages & deaths (Eng & Wales) 4 déc 1872—4 déc 1872: American ship 'Mary Celeste' is found abandoned by the British brig 'Dei Gratia' in the Atlantic Ocean
3	1874	1874—1874: Factory Act introduces 56-hour week 5 avr 1874—5 avr 1874: Birkenhead Park opened, said to be the first civic public park in the world - features of it later copied in Central Park, New York
4	1875	1875—1875: London's main sewage system completed 1 jan 1875—1 jan 1875: Midland Railway abolishes Second Class passenger facilities, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies followed during the rest of the year. (Third Class was renamed Second Class in 1956)
5	1876	14 fév 1876—14 fév 1876: Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray each file a patent for the telephone - Bell awarded the rights
6	1877	1877—1877: Edison invents microphone and phonograph 4 mars 1877—4 mars 1881: Rutherford B. Hayes U.S. Presidency
7	1878	1878—1878: Edison & Swan invent electric lamp 1878—1878: Red Flag Act in Britain limits mechanical road vehicles to 4mph 1878—1878: CID established at New Scotland Yard
8	1879	18 sept 1879—18 sept 1879: Blackpool illuminations switched on for first time
9	1880	1880—1880: Education Act: schooling compulsory for 5-10 year olds 1880—1880: Mosquito found to be the carrier of malaria 2 août 1880—2 août 1880: Greenwich Mean Time adopted throughout UK
10	1881	1881—1881: Postal Orders introduced 1881—1881: Flogging abolished in Army and Royal Navy 4 mars 1881—19 sept 1881: James A. Garfield U.S. Presidency sept 1881—sept 1881: Godalming in Surrey became the first town in England to have a public electricity supply installed (but in 1884 it reverted to gas lighting until 1904) 19 sept 1881—4 mars 1885: Chester A. Arthur U.S. Presidency 26 oct 1881—26 oct 1881: Gunfight at OK Corral
11	1882	1882—1882: Fourth Eddystone Lighthouse completed
12	1883	1883—1883: Statue of Liberty presented to USA by France 24 mai 1883—24 mai 1883: Brooklyn Bridge, New York opens (crosses East River) 1 août 1883—1 août 1883: Parcel post starts in Britain 27 août 1883—27 août 1883: Eruption of Krakatoa near Java - 30,000 killed by tidal wave
13	1884	31 mai 1884—31 mai 1884: John Harvey Kellogg patents corn flakes 13 oct 1884—13 oct 1884: Greenwich made prime meridian of the world
14	1885	1885—1885: Carl Benz builds the 'Motorwagen', a single-cylinder motor car 1885—1885: Gottlieb Daimler patents the world's first motorcycle 1885—1885: Eastman makes first coated photographic paper 1885—1885: Canadian Pacific Railway completed mars 1885—mars 1885: First UK cremation in modern times took place at Woking 4 mars 1885—4 mars 1889: Grover Cleveland U.S. Presidency 5 sept 1885—5 sept 1885: The first train runs through the Severn Tunnel 29 sept 1885—29 sept 1885: First electric tramcar used at Blackpool
15	1886	20 jan 1886—20 jan 1886: Mersey railway (under Mersey) opened by Prince of Wales mai 1886—mai 1886: Pharmacist John Styth Pemberton invents a carbonated beverage later named 'Coca-Cola' 29 mai 1886—29 mai 1886: Putney Bridge opens in London
16	1887	1887—1887: Daimler produces a four-wheeled motor car
17	1888	1888—1888: Convention of Constantinople guarantees free maritime passage through Suez Canal in war and peace 1888—1888: Jack the Ripper active in east London during the latter half of the year 1888—1888: County Councils set up in Britain 1888—1888: Dunlop invents pneumatic tyre 1888—1888: First box camera - George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak, and receives a patent for his camera which uses roll film 20 mars 1888—20 mars 1888: Football League formed
18	1889	1889—1889: Celluloid film produced 1889—1889: Dock Strike - docker's won their 'Docker's Tanner' 6 old pennies 4 mars 1889—4 mars 1893: Benjamin Harrison U.S. Presidency 31 mars 1889—31 mars 1889: Eiffel Tower completed (to mark centenary of French Revolution) 14 mai 1889—14 mai 1889: Children's charity NSPCC launched in London 3 juin 1889—3 juin 1889: Canadian Pacific Railway completed from coast to coast 28 sept 1889—28 sept 1889: Length of a metre defined
19	1890	4 mars 1890—4 mars 1890: Forth railway bridge opens - took six years to build 4 nov 1890—4 nov 1890: City & South London Railway opens - London's first deep-level tube railway and first major railway in the world to use electric traction
20	1891	1891—1891: Primary education made free and compulsory 18 mars 1891—18 mars 1891: First telephone link between London & Paris 4 mai 1891—4 mai 1891: Fictional date when Sherlock Holmes throws Moriarty over Reichenbach Falls, then disappears for 3 years! (published in 1893) 24 août 1891—24 août 1891: Thomas Edison patents the motion picture camera
21	1892	1892—1892: Electric oven invented 1892—1892: Shop Hours Act - limit 74 hours per week for under-18's 6 oct 1892—6 oct 1892: Alfred Lord Tennyson dies, aged 83, at his house Aldworth, near Haslemere
22	1893	1893—1893: Henry Ford's first car 1893—1893: Zip fastener invented 4 mars 1893—4 mars 1897: Grover Cleveland U.S. Presidency
23	1894	1894—1894: Picture postcard introduced in Britain 1 jan 1894—1 jan 1894: Manchester Ship Canal opens 1 mars 1894—1 mars 1894: Blackpool Tower opens 30 juin 1894—30 juin 1894: Tower Bridge first opens 2 août 1894—2 août 1894: Death duties first introduced in Britain
24	1895	1895—1895: Sir Henry Wood starts Promenade Concerts in London 12 jan 1895—12 jan 1895: The National Trust founded in England 24 mai 1895—24 mai 1895: Henry Irving becomes the first person from the theatre to be knighted 28 mai 1895—28 mai 1895: Oscar Wilde sent to prison 12 juil 1895—12 juil 1895: First recorded motor journey of any length (56 miles) in Britain 17 oct 1895—17 oct 1895: First people in Britain to be charged with motor offences - John Henry Knight and James Pullinger of Farnham, Surrey nov 1895—nov 1895: X-rays discovered
25	1896	5 avr 1896—5 avr 1896: First modern Olympic Games held in Athens 2 juin 1896—2 juin 1896: Guglielmo Marconi receives a British patent (later disputed) for the radio
26	1897	1897—1897: Thomas Edison patents the Kinetoscope, the first movie projector 4 mars 1897—14 sept 1901: William McKinley U.S. Presidency
27	1898	1898—1898: First photograph using artificial light 1898—1898: Zeppelin builds airship 1898—1898: Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company founded 17 mars 1898—17 mars 1898: USS Holland launched, the first practical submarine 21 avr 1898—13 août 1989: Spanish-American War 27 juin 1898—27 juin 1898: The first solo circumnavigation of the globe completed at Rhode island by Joshua Slocum in Spray (started from Boston, Mass on Apr 24, 1895)
28	1899	4 fév 1899—2 juil 1902: Philippine-American War 6 mars 1899—6 mars 1899: Aspirin first marketed by Bayer 11 oct 1899—11 oct 1899: Start of Second Boer War 18 oct 1899—7 sept 1901: Boxer Rebellion
29	1900	1900—1900: School leaving age in Britain raised to 14 years 1900—1900: Central Line opens in London: underground is electrified 1900—1900: Escalator shown at Paris exhibition 9 fév 1900—9 fév 1900: Davis Cup tennis competition established 27 fév 1900—27 fév 1900: Labour Party formed
30	1901	1901—1901: Commonwealth of Australia founded 1901—1901: Hubert Cecil Booth patents the vacuum cleaner 22 jan 1901—22 jan 1901: Queen Victoria dies - Edward VII king 2 fév 1901—2 fév 1901: Queen Victoria's funeral - interred beside Prince Albert in the Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park juin 1901—juin 1901: Denunciation of use of concentration camps by British in Boer War 14 sept 1901—4 mars 1909: Theodore Roosevelt U.S. Presidency 2 oct 1901—2 oct 1901: Britain's first submarine launched 12 déc 1901—12 déc 1901: First successful radio transmission across the Atlantic, by Marconi - Morse code from Cornwall to Newfoundland
31	1902	1902—1902: Balfour's Education Act provides for secondary education 1902—1902: Cremation Act - cremation can only take place at officially recognised establishments, and with two death certificates issued 1902—1902: Marie Curie discovers radioactivity 24 mai 1902—24 mai 1902: Empire Day (later Commonwealth Day) first celebrated 31 mai 1902—31 mai 1902: Treaty of Vereeniging ends Second Boer War 9 août 1902—9 août 1902: Coronation of Edward VII
32	1903	1903—1903: Workers' Education Association (WEA) formed in Britain 1903—1903: Women's Social and Political Union formed in Britain by Emmeline Pankhurst 1903—1903: Henry Ford sets up his motor company 14 déc 1903—14 déc 1903: First flight of Wilbur & Orville Wright 17 déc 1903: First Flight
33	1904	1904—1904: Leeds University established 8 avr 1904—8 avr 1904: France and UK sign the Entente Cordiale 4 mai 1904—4 mai 1904: America takes over construction of the Panama Canal from the French (completed 1914)
34	1905	1905—1905: The title 'Prime Minister' noted in a royal warrant for the first time - placed the Prime Minister in order of precedence in Britain immediately after the Archbishop of York 1905—1905: Aliens Act in Britain: Home Office controls immigration 1905—1905: Germany lays down the first Dreadnought battleship 11 avr 1905—11 avr 1905: Einstein publishes Special Theory of Relativity
35	1906	1906—1906: Introduction of free school meals for poor children 10 fév 1906—10 fév 1906: Launching of HMS Dreadnought, first turbine-driven battleship 15 mars 1906—15 mars 1906: Rolls-Royce Ltd registered 26 mai 1906—26 mai 1906: Vauxhall Bridge opened in London 20 sept 1906—20 sept 1906: Launching of Cunard's RMS Mauretania on the Tyne
36	1907	1907—1907: New Zealand becomes a Dominion 1907—1907: Imperial College, London, is established 1907—1907: First airship flies over London 1907—1907: Lumiere develops a process for colour photography juil 1907—juil 1907: Leo Hendrik Baekeland patents Bakelite, the first plastic invented that held its shape after being heated 1 août 1907—1 août 1907: Baden-Powell leads the first Scout camp on Brownsea Island 9 nov 1907—9 nov 1907: The Cullinan Diamond presented to Edward VII on his birthday
37	1908	1908—1908: Coal Mines Regulation Act in Britain limits men to an eight hour day 1908—1908: Separate courts for juveniles established in Britain 1908—1908: Lord Baden-Powell starts the Boy Scout movement 1908: Model T 1 juil 1908—1 juil 1908: SOS became effective as an international signal of distress 12 août 1908—12 août 1908: First 'Model T' Ford made
38	1909	1909—1909: Beveridge Report prompts creation of labour Exchanges 1909—1909: Peary reaches the north pole 1909—1909: First commercial manufacture of Bakelite - start of the plastic age 1 jan 1909—1 jan 1909: Old Age Pensions Act came into force 16 jan 1909—16 jan 1909: Ernest Shackleton's expedition finds the magnetic South Pole 4 mars 1909—4 mars 1913: William Howard Taft U.S. Presidency 15 mars 1909—15 mars 1909: Selfridges department store opens in London 25 juil 1909—25 juil 1909: Bleriot flies across the Channel (36 minutes, Calais to Dover)
39	1910	1910—1910: Railway strike and coal strikes in Britain 1910—1910: Constitutional crisis in Britain 1910—1910: Dr Crippen caught by radio telegraphy; hanged 23 Nov at Pentonville 1910—1910: Madame Curie isolates radium 1910—1910: Halley's comet reappears 1910—1910: Tango becomes popular in North America and Europe 6 mai 1910—6 mai 1910: Edward VII dies - George V becomes King
40	1911	1911—1911: Parliament Act in Britain reduces the power of the House of Lords 1911—1911: British MPs receive a salary 1911—1911: First British Official Secrets Act 1911—1911: Rutherford: theory of atomic structures 1911—1911: Strikes by seamen, dock and transport workers (1911-1912) 2 avr 1911—2 avr 1911: Census: Population - England and Wales: 36 Million; Scotland: 4.6 Million; N Ireland: 1.25 Million 22 juin 1911—22 juin 1911: Coronation of George V 14 déc 1911—14 déc 1911: National Insurance introduced in Britain
41	1912	1912—1912: Irish Home Rule crisis grows in Britain 1912—1912: Britain nationalises the telephone system 1912—1912: Discovery of the 'Piltdown Man' - hoax, exposed in 1953 18 jan 1912—18 jan 1912: Captain Scott's last expedition - he and his team reach the south pole on Jan 18th; all die on the way back, their bodies found in November 14 avr 1912—14 avr 1912: The 'unsinkable' Titanic sinks on maiden voyage - loss of 1,513 lives 15 avr 1912: Titanic Sinks 13 mai 1912—13 mai 1912: Royal Flying Corps (later the RAF) founded in Britain
42	1913	1913—1913: Third Irish Home Rule Bill rejected by House of Lords - threat of civil war in Ireland - formation of Ulster Volunteers to oppose Home Rule 1913—1913: Suffragette demonstrations in London - Mrs Pankhurst imprisoned 1913—1913: Trade Union Act in Britain establishes the right to use Union funds for political purposes 1913—1913: Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley of Sheffield 1913—1913: Geiger invents his counter to measure radioactivity 4 mars 1913—4 mars 1921: Woodrow Wilson U.S. Presidency 4 juin 1913—4 juin 1913: Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby and dies
43	1914	1914—1914: Irish Home Rule Act provides for a separate Parliament in Ireland; the position of Ulster to be decided after the War 1914—1914: Chaplin and De Mille make their first films 28 juin 1914—28 juin 1914: Archduke Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo 28 juil 1914—11 nov 1918: World War I 4 août 1914—4 août 1914: Britain declares war on Germany, citing Belgian neutrality as reason 5 août 1914—5 août 1914: British cableship Telconia cut through all five of Germany's undersea telegraph links to the outside world 15 août 1914—15 août 1914: Panama Canal opened, the Canal cement boat 'Ancon' making the first official transit (plans for a grand opening were cancelled due to the start of WW1) oct 1914—oct 1914: Battle of Ypres - beginning of trench warfare on western front 27 nov 1914—27 nov 1914: First policewoman goes on duty in Britain 16 déc 1914—16 déc 1914: German battleships bombard Hartlepool and Scarborough
44	1915	1915—1915: Junkers construct first fighter aeroplane 1915—1915: First automatic telephone exchange in Britain 19 jan 1915—19 jan 1915: First Zeppelin air raid on England, over East Anglia - four killed fév 1915—fév 1915: Submarine blockade of Britain starts avr 1915—avr 1915: Second Battle of Ypres - poison gas used for first time 25 avr 1915—25 avr 1915: Gallipoli campaign starts (declared ANZAC Day in 1916) 7 mai 1915—7 mai 1915: RMS Lusitania sunk by German submarine off coast of Ireland - 1,198 died 16 mai 1915—16 mai 1915: First meeting of a British WI (Women's Institute) took place in Llanfairpwll (aka Llanfair PG), Anglesey
45	1916	1916—1916: Compulsory military service introduced in Britain fév 1916—fév 1916: Battle of Verdun - appalling losses on both sides, stalemate continues 24 avr 1916—24 avr 1916: Easter Rising in Ireland - after the leaders are executed, public opinion backs independence 21 mai 1916—21 mai 1916: First use of Daylight Saving Time in UK 31 mai 1916—31 mai 1916: Battle of Jutland - only major naval battle between the British and German fleets 5 juin 1916—5 juin 1916: Sinking of HMS Hampshire and death of Kitchener 3 août 1916—3 août 1916: Sir Roger Casement hanged at Pentonville Prison for treason 15 sept 1916—15 sept 1916: First use of tanks in battle, but of limited effect (Battle of the Somme 1 July to 18 Nov: over 1 million casualties) 7 déc 1916—7 déc 1916: Lloyd-George becomes British Prime Minister of the coalition government
46	1917	1917—1917: Battle of Cambrai - first use of massed tanks, but effect more psychological than actual 1917—1917: Ministry of Labour is established in Britain fév 1917—fév 1917: February revolution in Russia; Tsar Nicholas abdicates 16 avr 1917—16 avr 1917: Lenin returns to Russia after exile 17 avr 1917—17 avr 1917: USA declares war on Germany 26 mai 1917—26 mai 1917: George V changes surname from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor (Royal proclamation on 17 July) juil 1917—juil 1917: Battle of Passchendaele - little gained by either side (Jul-Nov) 7 nov 1917—7 nov 1917: 'October' Revolution in Russia - Bolsheviks overthrow provisional government; Lenin becomes Chief Commissar 6 déc 1917—6 déc 1917: Halifax (Nova Scotia) Explosion, one of the world's largest artificial non-nuclear explosions to date: a ship loaded with wartime explosives blew up after a collision, obliterating buildings and structures within two square kilometres of the explosion 9 déc 1917—9 déc 1917: British forces capture Jerusalem
47	1918	1918—1918: Vote for women over 30, men over 21 (except peers, lunatics and felons) 1918—1918: War of Independence in Ireland 18 jan 1918—18 jan 1918: Bentley Motors founded 8 mars 1918—8 mars 1918: Start of world-wide 'flu pandemic juil 1918—juil 1918: Second Battle of the Marne: last major German offensive in WW1 (Jul-Aug) 1 oct 1918—1 oct 1918: Arab forces under Lawrence of Arabia capture Damascus 11 nov 1918—11 nov 1918: Armistice signed déc 1918—déc 1918: First woman elected to House of Commons, Countess Markiewicz as a Sinn Fein member refused to take her seat
48	1919	1919—1919: Britain adopts a 48-hour working week 1919—1919: Sir Ernest Rutherford publishes account of splitting the atom 15 juin 1919—15 juin 1919: Alcock and Brown complete first nonstop flight across the Atlantic 28 juin 1919—28 juin 1919: Treaty of Versailles signed
49	1920	1920—1920: Regular cross-channel air service starts 1920—1920: Marconi opens a radio broadcasting station in Britain 1920—1920: Thompson patents his machine gun (Tommy gun) fév 1920—fév 1920: First roadside petrol filling station in UK - opened by the Automobile Association at Aldermaston on the Bath Road
50	1921	1921—1921: Railway Act in Britain amalgamates companies - only four remained 1921—1921: Insulin discovery announced 1921—1921: First birth control clinic 4 mars 1921—2 août 1923: Warren G. Harding U.S. Presidency 19 juin 1921—19 juin 1921: Census: Population - England and Wales: 37.9 Million; Scotland: 4.9 Million; N Ireland: 1.25 Million 6 déc 1921—6 déc 1921: Anglo-Irish Treaty signed in London, leading to the formation of the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland
51	1922	1922—1922: Law of Property Act - the manorial system effectively ended 1 juin 1922—1 juin 1922: Royal Ulster Constabulary founded oct 1922—oct 1922: BBC established as a monopoly, and begins transmissions in November (2LO in London on 14 Nov; 5IT in Birmingham and 2ZY in Manchester on 15 Nov)
52	1923	1923—1923: Roads in Great Britain classified with A and B numbers 1923—1923: Hubble shows there are galaxies beyond the Milky Way 1923—1923: First American broadcasts heard in Britain 1 jan 1923—1 jan 1923: The majority of the railway companies in Great Britain grouped into four main companies, the Big Four: LNER, GWR, SR, LMSR - lasted until nationalisation in 1948 16 fév 1923—16 fév 1923: Howard Carter unsealed the burial chamber of Tutankhamun 28 avr 1923—28 avr 1923: First Wembley cup final (West Ham 0, Bolton 2) - 'I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles ' popular song of the time became the West Ham anthem 2 août 1923—4 mars 1929: Calvin Coolidge U.S. Presidency 28 sept 1923—28 sept 1923: First publication of Radio Times
53	1924	4 jan 1924—4 jan 1924: First Labour government in Britain, headed by Ramsay MacDonald 5 fév 1924—5 fév 1924: Hourly Greenwich Time Signals from the Royal Greenwich Observatory were first broadcast by the BBC 31 mars 1924—31 mars 1924: British Imperial Airways begins operations (formed by merger of four British airline companies - became BOAC in 1940)
54	1925	1925—1925: Britain returns to gold standard 18 juil 1925—18 juil 1925: Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf
55	1926	1926—1926: First public demonstration of television (TV) by John Logie Baird 1926—1926: Adoption of children is legalised in Britain 1926—1926: Kodak produces 16mm movie film 1926—1926: Walt Disney arrives in Hollywood 21 avr 1926—21 avr 1926: Princess Elizabeth born 3 mai 1926—3 mai 1926: General Strike begins. Lasts until May 12 (mine workers for 6 months more) 31 oct 1926—31 oct 1926: Death of Harry Houdini
56	1927	1927—1927: Release of the first 'talkie' film (The Jazz Singer) 7 jan 1927—7 jan 1927: First transatlantic telephone call - New York City to London 22 jan 1927—22 jan 1927: First football broadcast by BBC (Arsenal v Sheffield United at Highbury) 1 mai 1927—1 mai 1927: First cooked meals on a scheduled flight introduced by Imperial Airways from London to Paris 20 mai 1927—20 mai 1927: Lindbergh makes solo flight across the Atlantic, in 33? hours 31 mai 1927—31 mai 1927: Last Ford Model T rolls off assembly line 24 juil 1927—24 juil 1927: The Menin Gate war memorial unveiled at Ypres
57	1928	1928—1928: Women over 21 get vote in Britain - same qualification for both sexes 26 avr 1928—26 avr 1928: Madame Tussauds opens in London 15 sept 1928—15 sept 1928: Sir Alexander Fleming accidentally discovers penicillin (results published 1929)
58	1929	1929—1929: Abolition of Poor Law system in Britain 1929—1929: Minimum age for a marriage in Britain (which had been 14 for a boy and 12 for a girl) now 16 for both sexes, with parental consent (or a licence) needed for anyone under 21 1929—1929: BBC begins experimental TV transmissions 4 mars 1929—4 mars 1933: Herbert Hoover U.S. Presidency
59	1930	1930—1930: First Nazis elected to the German Reichstag 1930—1930: Youth Hostel Association (YHA) founded in Britain 30 jan 1930—30 jan 1930: Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany 31 jan 1930—31 jan 1930: 3M begins marketing Scotch Tape 6 mars 1930—6 mars 1930: Clarence Birdseye first marketed frozen peas 5 oct 1930—5 oct 1930: R101 airship disaster - British abandons airship construction
60	1931	1931—1931: Statute of Westminster: British Dominions become independent sovereign states 1931—1931: Collapse of the German banking system; 3,000 banks there close 14 avr 1931—14 avr 1931: Highway Code first issued 26 avr 1931—26 avr 1931: Census: Population - England and Wales; 40 Million; Scotland: 4.8 Million; N Ireland: 1.24 Million (Unfortunately, the census was destroyed by fire in WW2) 21 oct 1931—21 oct 1931: National Government formed to deal with economic crisis - Britain comes off gold standard
61	1932	1932—1932: Great Hunger March of unemployed to London 1932—1932: Moseley founds British Union of Fascists 1932—1932: Cockroft and Walton accelerate particles to disintegrate an atomic nucleus 1932—1932: Sir Thomas Beecham established the London Philharmonic Orchestra 21 mai 1932—21 mai 1932: Amelia Earhart first solo nonstop flight across Atlantic by a female pilot 3 oct 1932—3 oct 1932: Iraq gains independence from Britain 3 oct 1932—3 oct 1932: 'The Times' introduces 'Times New Roman' typeface
62	1933	1933—1933: ICI scientists discover polythene 1933—1933: Only 6 pennies minted in Britain this year 4 mars 1933—12 avr 1945: Franklin D. Roosevelt U.S. Presidency 12 nov 1933—12 nov 1933: First known photos of the 'Loch Ness Monster' taken
63	1934	1934—1934: Hitler becomes Fuehrer of Germany 18 juil 1934—18 juil 1934: King George V opens Mersey Tunnel 26 sept 1934—26 sept 1934: RMS Queen Mary launched 30 nov 1934—30 nov 1934: First time a steam locomotive travels at 100 mph ('Flying Scotsman')
64	1935	1935—1935: London adopts a 'Green Belt' scheme 1935—1935: Land speed record of 301.13 mph by Malcolm Campbell 28 fév 1935—28 fév 1935: Nylon first produced by Gerard J. Berchet of Wallace Carothers' research group at DuPont (there is no evidence to the widely-supposed story that the name derives from New York-London) 12 mars 1935—12 mars 1935: Hore-Belisha introduces pedestrian crossings and speed limits for built-up areas in Britain 1 juin 1935—1 juin 1935: Voluntary driving tests introduced in UK 30 juil 1935—30 juil 1935: Penguin paperbacks launched
65	1936	1936—1936: Jet engine first tested 20 jan 1936—20 jan 1936: George V dies 5 mai 1936—5 mai 1936: First flight of a Spitfire 24 juil 1936—24 juil 1936: 'Speaking clock' service starts in UK 2 nov 1936—2 nov 1936: British Broadcasting Corporation initiates the BBC Television Service, world's first public TV transmission 30 nov 1936—30 nov 1936: Crystal Palace destroyed by fire 5 déc 1936—5 déc 1936: Edward VIII abdicates (announced Dec 10) - popular carol that Christmas: 'Hark the Herald Angels sing Mrs Simpson's got our King'
66	1937	1937—1937: '999' emergency telephone call facility starts in London 1937—1937: Billy Butlin opens his first holiday camp 12 avr 1937—12 avr 1937: Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft 12 mai 1937—12 mai 1937: Coronation of King George VI 28 mai 1937—28 mai 1937: Neville Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister - policy of appeasement towards Hitler 3 juin 1937—3 juin 1937: Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson 4 déc 1937—4 déc 1937: 'The Dandy' first published
67	1938	1938—1938: Principle of paid holidays established in Britain 1938—1938: HMS Rodney first ship to be equipped with radar 1938—1938: First practical ball-point pen produced by Hungarian journalist, Lajos Biro 12 mars 1938—12 mars 1938: Germany invades and annexes Austria 3 juil 1938—3 juil 1938: 'Mallard' reaches 126 mph (203 km/h); still world record for a steam locomotive 27 sept 1938—27 sept 1938: Largest ocean liner ever built, Queen Elizabeth launched on Clydebank 29 sept 1938—29 sept 1938: Chamberlain visits Hitler in Munich - promises 'peace in our time' 30 oct 1938—30 oct 1938: Orson Welles broadcasts his radio play of HG Wells 'The War of the Worlds', causing panic in the USA
68	1939	1939—1939: Germany annexes Czechoslovakia 1939—1939: Start of evacuation of women and children from London 1939—1939: Coldest winter in Britain since 1894, though this could not be publicised at the time 1 sept 1939—1 sept 1939: Germany invades Poland 1 sept 1939—2 sept 1945: World War II 3 sept 1939—3 sept 1939: Britain and France declare war on Germany 6 sept 1939—6 sept 1939: First air-raid on Britain 11 sept 1939—11 sept 1939: British Expeditionary Force (BEF) sent to France 14 oct 1939—14 oct 1939: HMS Royal Oak sunk in Scapa Flow with loss of 810 lives 7 déc 1939—7 déc 1939: 'First flight' of Canadian troops sail for Britain - 7,400 men on 5 ships 17 déc 1939—17 déc 1939: 'Admiral Graf Spee' scuttled outside Montevideo
69	1940	1 avr 1940—1 avr 1940: BOAC starts operations, replacing Imperial and British Airways Ltd 11 mai 1940—11 mai 1940: National Government formed under Churchill 13 mai 1940—13 mai 1940: Germany invades France 27 mai 1940—27 mai 1940: Start of the evacuation of the British Army at Dunkirk (27 May - 4 Jun) 25 juin 1940—25 juin 1940: Fall of France to Germany 7 sept 1940—7 sept 1940: Germany launches bombing blitz on Britain, the first of 57 consecutive nights of bombing 15 sept 1940—15 sept 1940: Battle of Britain: massive waves of German air attacks decisively repulsed by the RAF - Hitler postpones invasion of Britain 14 nov 1940—14 nov 1940: Coventry heavily bombed and the Cathedral almost completely destroyed
70	1941	1941—1941: Britain introduces severe rationing 1941—1941: First British jet aircraft flies, based on work of Whittle 1941—1941: Bailey invents his portable military bridge 1941—1941: First use of antibiotics 10 mai 1941—10 mai 1941: Rudolf Hess flies to Scotland 27 mai 1941—27 mai 1941: 'Bismark' sunk 22 juin 1941—22 juin 1941: Germany invades Russia (Operation Barbarossa) 1 juil 1941—1 juil 1941: First Canadian armoured regiments arrive in Britain déc 1941—déc 1941: Canadian forces given operation role in defending south coast of England déc 1941—déc 1941: 'Manhattan Project' of nuclear research begins in America 7 déc 1941—7 déc 1941: Japan attackes US fleet at Pearl Harbour 8 déc 1941—8 déc 1941: USA enters WWII 24 déc 1941—24 déc 1941: Hong Kong falls to the Japanese
71	1942	1942—1942: Invention of world's first programmable computer by Alan Turing in co-operation with Max Neumann - used to crack German codes 1942—1942: Gilbert Murray founds Oxfam 30 mai 1942—30 mai 1942: Over 1,000 allied bombers raid Cologne 4 juin 1942—4 juin 1942: Battle of Midway 19 août 1942—19 août 1942: Abortive raid on Dieppe, largely by Canadian troops 6 sept 1942—6 sept 1942: Germans defeated at Stalingrad 3 oct 1942—3 oct 1942: First successful launch of V2 rocket in Germany - first man-made object to reach space 23 oct 1942—23 oct 1942: Battle of El Alamein - Montgomery defeats Rommel 2 déc 1942—2 déc 1942: 'Manhattan Project' - a team led by Enrico Fermi initiates the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction
72	1943	1943—1943: Round-the-clock bombing of Germany begins 16 mai 1943—16 mai 1943: 'Dam Buster' raids on Ruhr dams by RAF 24 juil 1943—24 juil 1943: Allies invade Italy - Benito Mussolini resigns as Italian Dictator, 24 July
73	1944	6 avr 1944—6 avr 1944: PAYE income tax begins 4 juin 1944—4 juin 1944: Allies enter Rome 6 juin 1944—6 juin 1944: D-Day invasion of Normandy 12 juin 1944—12 juin 1944: First V1 flying bombs hit London 8 sept 1944—8 sept 1944: First V2 rocket bombs hit London 11 sept 1944—11 sept 1944: Allies enter Germany 16 déc 1944—16 déc 1944: Battle of the Bulge: German counter-offensive
74	1945	4 fév 1945—4 fév 1945: Yalta Conference between Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin 29 mars 1945—29 mars 1945: Last V1 flying bomb attack 12 avr 1945—20 jan 1953: Harry S. Truman U.S. Presidency 25 avr 1945—25 avr 1945: Berlin surrounded by Russian troops 30 avr 1945—30 avr 1945: Hitler commits suicide 8 mai 1945—8 mai 1945: VE Day (Victory in Europe) 9 mai 1945—9 mai 1945: Channel Islands liberated 26 juin 1945—26 juin 1945: UN Charter signed in San Francisco 16 juil 1945—16 juil 1945: First ever atomic bomb exploded in a test in New Mexico (although there were other forms of atomic device before that, such as the Pile at Stagg Field, first critical on 2nd Dec 1942) 26 juil 1945—26 juil 1945: Labour win UK General Election - Churchill out of office 29 juil 1945—29 juil 1945: BBC Light Programme starts 6 août 1945—6 août 1945: Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima 9 août 1945—9 août 1945: Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki 15 août 1945—15 août 1945: VJ Day (Victory in Japan) 2 sept 1945—2 sept 1945: Japanese surrender signed aboard USS Missouri 24 oct 1945—24 oct 1945: United Nations Organisation comes into existence 4 nov 1945—4 nov 1945: UNESCO founded
75	1946	1946—1946: Transition to National Health Service starts in Britain (came into being 5th July 1948) 1946—1946: Alistair Cooke starts his regular 'Letter from America' on BBC radio - until 2004 1 jan 1946—1 jan 1946: First civillian flight from Heathrow Airport 1 mars 1946—1 mars 1946: Bank of England nationalised
76	1947	1947—1947: Most severe winter in Britain for 53 years at start of the year - heavy snow and much flooding later 1947—1947: First British nuclear reactor developed 1 jan 1947—1 jan 1947: Coal Mines nationalised 23 fév 1947—23 fév 1947: International Organization for Standardization (ISO) founded 1 mars 1947—1 mars 1947: International Monetary Fund begins financial operations 1 avr 1947—1 avr 1947: School leaving age raised to 15 in Britain 26 oct 1947—26 oct 1947: British military occupation ends in Iraq 20 nov 1947—20 nov 1947: Marriage of Princess Elizabeth (later Elizabeth II) and Philip Mountbatten in Westminster Abbey
77	1948	1948—1948: British Citizenship Act : all Commonwealth citizens qualify for British passports 1948—1948: Transistor radio invented 1948—1948: Long-playing record (LP) invented by Goldmark 1 jan 1948—1 jan 1948: British Railways nationalised 5 juil 1948—5 juil 1948: National Health Service (NHS) begins in Britain 29 juil 1948—29 juil 1948: London Olympics begin
78	1949	1949—1949: Maiden flight of the Bristol Brabazon (broken up in 1953 for scrap) 1949—1949: De Haviland produces the Comet - first jet airliner 15 mars 1949—15 mars 1949: Clothes rationing ends in Britain 4 avr 1949—4 avr 1949: Twelve nations sign The North Atlantic Treaty creating NATO
79	1950	19 mai 1950—19 mai 1950: Points rationing ends in Britain 26 mai 1950—26 mai 1950: Petrol rationing ends in Britain 25 juin 1950—27 juil 1953: Korean War 11 juil 1950—11 juil 1950: 'Andy Pandy' first seen on BBC TV 9 sept 1950—9 sept 1950: Soap rationing ends in Britain 28 déc 1950—28 déc 1950: The Peak District becomes the Britain's first National Park
80	1951	3 mai 1951—3 mai 1951: Festival of Britain and Royal Festival Hall open on South Bank, London 28 mai 1951—28 mai 1951: First Goon Show broadcast 20 déc 1951—20 déc 1951: Electricity first produced by nuclear power, from Experimental Breeder Reactor