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Mary Stewart

Mary Stewart

Female 1561 - 1644  (82 years)  Submit Photo / DocumentSubmit Photo / Document

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Timeline



 
 
 




   Date  Event(s)
1561 
  • 1561—1561: Spire of St Paul's, highest in England, destroyed by fire
  • 1561—1561: The first coins produced by machinery (known as a 'mill') rather than by hand, but it was a slow process and did not replace hand struck coinage until new machinery was introduced in 1663
1562 
  • 1562—1562: Earliest English slave-trading expedition, under John Hawkins - between Guinea and the West Indies
1563 
  • 28 Jul 1563—28 Jul 1563: The English surrender Le Havre to the French after a siege
1564 
  • 26 Apr 1564—26 Apr 1564: Shakespeare baptised - he is said to have been born on Apr 23, St George's Day; he certainly died on Apr 23, 1616
1565 
  • 29 Jul 1565—29 Jul 1565: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, her first cousin
1566 
  • 9 Mar 1566—9 Mar 1566: Murder of David Riccio (or Rizzio) in Holyrood House
1567 
  • 10 Feb 1567—10 Feb 1567: Murder of Darnley outside Holyrood House in an explosion
  • 15 May 1567—15 May 1567: Marriage of Mary Queen of Scots to James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell
  • 24 Jul 1567—24 Jul 1567: Mary Queen of Scots deposed and replaced by her 1 year old son James VI
1568 
  • 13 May 1568—13 May 1568: Battle of Langside - Mary's flight to England and her imprisonment by Queen Elizabeth I
1569 
  • 1569—1569: Elizabeth I approved Sunday sports
10 1570 
  • 25 Feb 1570—25 Feb 1570: Pope Pius V issued the papal bull 'Regnans in Excelsis' to excommunicate Elizabeth I and her followers in the Church of England
11 1571 
  • 1571—1571: Presbyterianism introduced into England by Thomas Cartwright
  • 1571—1571: Repeal of Act prohibiting lending of money on interest - gradual change from 'subsistence economy' to 'cash economy' resulted
  • 1571—1571: Beginning of penal legislation against Catholics in England
  • 23 Jan 1571—23 Jan 1571: Opening of the Royal Exchange in London, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham - this building destroyed in Great Fire of London 1666
12 1577 
  • 1577—1577: James Burbage opens first theatre in London
13 1579 
  • 1579—1579: Act of Uniformity in matters of religion enforced
14 1580 
  • 1580—1580: Congregational movement founded by Robert Browne about this time
  • 1580—1580: Colonisation of Ireland
  • 6 Apr 1580—6 Apr 1580: Dover Straits earthquake, largest in the recorded history of England, mentioned by Shakespeare - dozens of ships sunk and a tsunami hit Calais
15 1581 
  • 1581—1581: English Levant Company founded
  • 16 Jan 1581—16 Jan 1581: English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism
  • 4 Apr 1581—4 Apr 1581: Francis Drake knighted by Elizabeth I aboard the Golden Hind after circumnavigating the world
16 1583 
  • 1583—1583: University of Edinburgh founded
  • 1583—1583: Foundation of Cambridge University Press by Thomas Thomas
  • Aug 1583—Aug 1583: Sir Humphrey Gilbert attempts to establish English authority at St John's, Newfoundland
17 1584 
  • 4 Jun 1584—4 Jun 1584: Sir Walter Raleigh establishes first English colony in the New World, on Roanoke Island, Virginia (now in North Carolina) - the so-called 'Lost Colony'
18 1585 
  • 1585—1585: Foundation of Oxford University Press
19 1587 
  • 1587—1587: Introduction of potatoes to England
  • 8 Feb 1587—8 Feb 1587: Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, at Fotheringay Castle, near Peterborough
  • 19 Apr 1587—19 Apr 1587: Sir Francis Drake sinks the Spanish fleet in Cadiz harbour
  • 11 Aug 1587—11 Aug 1587: Raleigh's second expedition to New World lands in North Carolina - first child born in the New World of English parents was Virginia Dare (Aug 18)
20 1588 
  • 1588—1588: Invention of shorthand by Dr Timothy Bright
  • 19 Jul 1588—19 Jul 1588: Spanish Armada sighted off the Lizard (had set sail from Lisbon in late May)
  • 29 Jul 1588—29 Jul 1588: Defeat of Spanish Armada off Gravelines
21 1591 
  • 1591—1591: Trinity College, Dublin, founded
22 1592 
  • 1592—1592: A Congregational (or Independent) Church formed in London
  • 1592—1592: Scotland: Presbyterian Church formally established - all ministers equal - no bishops - secular commissaries appointed by the Crown
23 1593 
  • 1593—1593: British statute mile established by law
24 1594 
  • 1594—1594: Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, leads Irish rebellion against English rule (-1603)
25 1597 
  • 1597—1597: Poor Law Act for erection of parish workhouses for the Poor - Poor Rate collection allowed
26 1598 
  • 1598—1598: Bishop's transcripts of English and Welsh parish registers start - parish records were to be kept in 'great decent books of parchment' and copies or 'Bishop's Transcripts' of new entries were to be sent each month to the diocesan centre
27 1600 
  • 1 Jan 1600—1 Jan 1600: Scotland adopts New Year beginning 1st January (previously 25th March)
  • 31 Dec 1600—31 Dec 1600: British East India Company founded
28 1601 
  • 1601—1601: Great English Poor Law Act passed
  • 1601—1601: First use of fruit juice as a preventative for scurvy by James Lancaster
29 1602 
  • 20 Mar 1602—20 Mar 1602: Dutch East India Company founded
  • 8 Nov 1602—8 Nov 1602: Bodleian Library at Oxford University opened to the public
30 1603 
  • 24 Mar 1603—24 Mar 1603: Death of Elizabeth I: union of Scottish and English crowns - under King James VI of Scots and I of England (d. 1625)
  • 25 Jul 1603—25 Jul 1603: Coronation - James VI of Scotland is crowned first king of Great Britain
31 1604 
  • 1 Nov 1604—1 Nov 1604: Shakespeare: Othello' first presented
32 1605 
  • 5 Nov 1605—5 Nov 1605: Gunpowder plot at Westminster (Guy Fawkes, etc)
33 1606 
  • 1606—1606: The London Company chartered to colonise Virginia: the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery leave England on 19th De c taking 144 days to reach America
  • 1606—1606: Episcopacy established in Scotland (against wishes of the Scots)
  • 31 Jan 1606—31 Jan 1606: Guy Fawkes and co-conspirators executed
  • 12 Mar 1606—12 Mar 1606: Adoption of Union Flag as the flag of Great Britain' (the term Union Jack is used officially only when the Union Flag is flown from the Jack Mast of a Royal Naval vessel)
34 1607 
  • 14 May 1607—14 May 1607: Jamestown, Virginia settled - to become the first permanent British colony in North America
35 1608 
  • 1608—1608: First use of telescope by Galileo - he observed the moons of Jupiter two years later in Jan 1610
36 1610 
  • 1610—1610: James VI & I established the Episcopal Church in Scotland - Prebyterians persecuted and many of their records lost
37 1611 
  • 1611—1611: Authorised (King James) Version of Bible in Britain
  • 22 May 1611—22 May 1611: James VI & I created the title of baronet
38 1613 
  • 1613—1613: A copper farthing was produced, as a silver coin would be too small
  • 29 Jun 1613—29 Jun 1613: The Globe Theatre in London burns during a performance of Henry the Eighth (finally pulled down in 1644)
39 1616 
  • 23 Apr 1616—23 Apr 1616: Tuesday Apr 23 (Julian calendar): Death of Shakespeare
40 1618 
  • 1618—1618: Sir Walter Raleigh beheaded for allegedly conspiring against James I
41 1619 
  • 4 Dec 1619—4 Dec 1619: (Nov 24 old style): Colonists from Berkeley Parish in England disembark in Virginia and give thanks to God (considered by many to be the first Thanksgiving in the Americas)
42 1620 
  • 1620—1620: Manufacture of coke (the fuel, not the drink!) patented by Dud Dudley
  • 21 Dec 1620—21 Dec 1620: (Dec 16 old style): The Mayflower reaches America - founds Plymouth, New England (had initially set sail from Southampton on Aug 5)
43 1621 
  • 1621—1621: Chimneys to be made of brick and to be four and a half feet above the roof
44 1622 
  • 1622—1622: First English newspaper appeared - Weekly News'
45 1624 
  • 1624—1624: Monopoly Act in England: patents protected
  • 1624—1624: Edmund Gunter introduces the surveyor's chain (measurement of length)
46 1625 
  • 1625—1625: The size of bricks standardised in England around this time
  • 27 Mar 1625—27 Mar 1625: Death of King James VI & I
47 1628 
  • 1 Mar 1628—1 Mar 1628: Writs issued by Charles I that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date
48 1629 
  • 10 Mar 1629—10 Mar 1629: Parliament dissolved by King Charles I - did not meet for another 11 yea
49 1633 
  • Jun 1633—Jun 1633: Galileo summoned by Inquisition for publishing in favour of Copernican theory
50 1635 
  • 1635—1635: Letter Office of England & Scotland started
  • 1635—1635: Flintlock small arms invented around this time (replaces matchlock)
51 1636 
  • 1636—1636: Hackney Carriages in use by now in London
52 1638 
  • 1638—1638: King Charles regarded protests against the prayerbook as treason - forced Scots to choose between their church and the King - a ?Covenant' swearing to resist these changes to the Death was signed in Greyfriars Church Edinburgh and was accepted by hundreds of thousands of Scots (revival of Presbyterian Church)
53 1639 
  • 1639—1639: Act of Toleration in England established religious toleration
54 1640 
  • 3 Nov 1640—3 Nov 1640: Charles I forced to recall Parliament (the 'Long Parliament') due to Scottish invasion
55 1641 
  • 1641—1641: Charles I's policies cause insurrection in Ulster and Civil War in England
  • 1641—1641: Charles I and the English Parliament acknowledge the Prebyterian Church in Scotland
  • 23 Oct 1641—23 Oct 1641: 50,000 Irish killed in an uprising in Ulster
56 1642 
  • 1642—1642: The Civil War interrupted the keeping of parish registers
  • 1642—1642: English theatres closed by Puritans (till 1660)
  • 22 Aug 1642—22 Aug 1642: Charles I raises his standard at Nottingham - First Civil War in England (to 1649)
  • 13 Nov 1642—13 Nov 1642: Battle of Turnham Green - Royalist forces withdraw in face of the Parliamentarian army and fail to take London
  • 24 Nov 1642—24 Nov 1642: Abel Janszoon Tasman discovers Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania)
  • 18 Dec 1642—18 Dec 1642: Abel Janszoon Tasman first European to set foot in New Zealand
57 1643 
  • 13 Dec 1643—13 Dec 1643: Battle of Alton - victory for Parliamentarians - Sir Richard Bolle killed in St Lawrence's church
58 1644 
  • 29 Jun 1644—29 Jun 1644: Battle of Cropredy Bridge - Royalists beat the Parliamentarian forces
  • 2 Jul 1644—2 Jul 1644: Battle of Marston Moor, near York - Parliamentarian forces beat the Royalists