Timeline: Robert Clark: Our Family History

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1560 - 1643 (83 years)

	Date	Event(s)
1	1560	1560—1560: Establishment of Protestantism in Scotland - commissary courts thrown into confusion - some records lost 27 Feb 1560—27 Feb 1560: Treaty of Berwick between Duc du Chatelherault (as governor of Scotland) and the English, agreeing to act jointly to expel the French from Scotland
2	1561	1561—1561: Spire of St Paul's, highest in England, destroyed by fire 1561—1561: The first coins produced by machinery (known as a 'mill') rather than by hand, but it was a slow process and did not replace hand struck coinage until new machinery was introduced in 1663
3	1562	1562—1562: Earliest English slave-trading expedition, under John Hawkins - between Guinea and the West Indies
4	1563	28 Jul 1563—28 Jul 1563: The English surrender Le Havre to the French after a siege
5	1564	26 Apr 1564—26 Apr 1564: Shakespeare baptised - he is said to have been born on Apr 23, St George's Day; he certainly died on Apr 23, 1616
6	1565	29 Jul 1565—29 Jul 1565: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, her first cousin
7	1566	9 Mar 1566—9 Mar 1566: Murder of David Riccio (or Rizzio) in Holyrood House
8	1567	10 Feb 1567—10 Feb 1567: Murder of Darnley outside Holyrood House in an explosion 15 May 1567—15 May 1567: Marriage of Mary Queen of Scots to James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell 24 Jul 1567—24 Jul 1567: Mary Queen of Scots deposed and replaced by her 1 year old son James VI
9	1568	13 May 1568—13 May 1568: Battle of Langside - Mary's flight to England and her imprisonment by Queen Elizabeth I
10	1569	1569—1569: Elizabeth I approved Sunday sports
11	1570	25 Feb 1570—25 Feb 1570: Pope Pius V issued the papal bull 'Regnans in Excelsis' to excommunicate Elizabeth I and her followers in the Church of England
12	1571	1571—1571: Presbyterianism introduced into England by Thomas Cartwright 1571—1571: Repeal of Act prohibiting lending of money on interest - gradual change from 'subsistence economy' to 'cash economy' resulted 1571—1571: Beginning of penal legislation against Catholics in England 23 Jan 1571—23 Jan 1571: Opening of the Royal Exchange in London, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham - this building destroyed in Great Fire of London 1666
13	1577	1577—1577: James Burbage opens first theatre in London
14	1579	1579—1579: Act of Uniformity in matters of religion enforced
15	1580	1580—1580: Congregational movement founded by Robert Browne about this time 1580—1580: Colonisation of Ireland 6 Apr 1580—6 Apr 1580: Dover Straits earthquake, largest in the recorded history of England, mentioned by Shakespeare - dozens of ships sunk and a tsunami hit Calais
16	1581	1581—1581: English Levant Company founded 16 Jan 1581—16 Jan 1581: English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism 4 Apr 1581—4 Apr 1581: Francis Drake knighted by Elizabeth I aboard the Golden Hind after circumnavigating the world
17	1583	1583—1583: University of Edinburgh founded 1583—1583: Foundation of Cambridge University Press by Thomas Thomas Aug 1583—Aug 1583: Sir Humphrey Gilbert attempts to establish English authority at St John's, Newfoundland
18	1584	4 Jun 1584—4 Jun 1584: Sir Walter Raleigh establishes first English colony in the New World, on Roanoke Island, Virginia (now in North Carolina) - the so-called 'Lost Colony'
19	1585	1585—1585: Foundation of Oxford University Press
20	1587	1587—1587: Introduction of potatoes to England 8 Feb 1587—8 Feb 1587: Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, at Fotheringay Castle, near Peterborough 19 Apr 1587—19 Apr 1587: Sir Francis Drake sinks the Spanish fleet in Cadiz harbour 11 Aug 1587—11 Aug 1587: Raleigh's second expedition to New World lands in North Carolina - first child born in the New World of English parents was Virginia Dare (Aug 18)
21	1588	1588—1588: Invention of shorthand by Dr Timothy Bright 19 Jul 1588—19 Jul 1588: Spanish Armada sighted off the Lizard (had set sail from Lisbon in late May) 29 Jul 1588—29 Jul 1588: Defeat of Spanish Armada off Gravelines
22	1591	1591—1591: Trinity College, Dublin, founded
23	1592	1592—1592: A Congregational (or Independent) Church formed in London 1592—1592: Scotland: Presbyterian Church formally established - all ministers equal - no bishops - secular commissaries appointed by the Crown
24	1593	1593—1593: British statute mile established by law
25	1594	1594—1594: Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, leads Irish rebellion against English rule (-1603)
26	1597	1597—1597: Poor Law Act for erection of parish workhouses for the Poor - Poor Rate collection allowed
27	1598	1598—1598: Bishop's transcripts of English and Welsh parish registers start - parish records were to be kept in 'great decent books of parchment' and copies or 'Bishop's Transcripts' of new entries were to be sent each month to the diocesan centre
28	1600	1 Jan 1600—1 Jan 1600: Scotland adopts New Year beginning 1st January (previously 25th March) 31 Dec 1600—31 Dec 1600: British East India Company founded
29	1601	1601—1601: Great English Poor Law Act passed 1601—1601: First use of fruit juice as a preventative for scurvy by James Lancaster
30	1602	20 Mar 1602—20 Mar 1602: Dutch East India Company founded 8 Nov 1602—8 Nov 1602: Bodleian Library at Oxford University opened to the public
31	1603	24 Mar 1603—24 Mar 1603: Death of Elizabeth I: union of Scottish and English crowns - under King James VI of Scots and I of England (d. 1625) 25 Jul 1603—25 Jul 1603: Coronation - James VI of Scotland is crowned first king of Great Britain
32	1604	1 Nov 1604—1 Nov 1604: Shakespeare: Othello' first presented
33	1605	5 Nov 1605—5 Nov 1605: Gunpowder plot at Westminster (Guy Fawkes, etc)
34	1606	1606—1606: The London Company chartered to colonise Virginia: the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery leave England on 19th De c taking 144 days to reach America 1606—1606: Episcopacy established in Scotland (against wishes of the Scots) 31 Jan 1606—31 Jan 1606: Guy Fawkes and co-conspirators executed 12 Mar 1606—12 Mar 1606: Adoption of Union Flag as the flag of Great Britain' (the term Union Jack is used officially only when the Union Flag is flown from the Jack Mast of a Royal Naval vessel)
35	1607	14 May 1607—14 May 1607: Jamestown, Virginia settled - to become the first permanent British colony in North America
36	1608	1608—1608: First use of telescope by Galileo - he observed the moons of Jupiter two years later in Jan 1610
37	1610	1610—1610: James VI & I established the Episcopal Church in Scotland - Prebyterians persecuted and many of their records lost
38	1611	1611—1611: Authorised (King James) Version of Bible in Britain 22 May 1611—22 May 1611: James VI & I created the title of baronet
39	1613	1613—1613: A copper farthing was produced, as a silver coin would be too small 29 Jun 1613—29 Jun 1613: The Globe Theatre in London burns during a performance of Henry the Eighth (finally pulled down in 1644)
40	1616	23 Apr 1616—23 Apr 1616: Tuesday Apr 23 (Julian calendar): Death of Shakespeare
41	1618	1618—1618: Sir Walter Raleigh beheaded for allegedly conspiring against James I
42	1619	4 Dec 1619—4 Dec 1619: (Nov 24 old style): Colonists from Berkeley Parish in England disembark in Virginia and give thanks to God (considered by many to be the first Thanksgiving in the Americas)
43	1620	1620—1620: Manufacture of coke (the fuel, not the drink!) patented by Dud Dudley 21 Dec 1620—21 Dec 1620: (Dec 16 old style): The Mayflower reaches America - founds Plymouth, New England (had initially set sail from Southampton on Aug 5)
44	1621	1621—1621: Chimneys to be made of brick and to be four and a half feet above the roof
45	1622	1622—1622: First English newspaper appeared - Weekly News'
46	1624	1624—1624: Monopoly Act in England: patents protected 1624—1624: Edmund Gunter introduces the surveyor's chain (measurement of length)
47	1625	1625—1625: The size of bricks standardised in England around this time 27 Mar 1625—27 Mar 1625: Death of King James VI & I
48	1628	1 Mar 1628—1 Mar 1628: Writs issued by Charles I that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date
49	1629	10 Mar 1629—10 Mar 1629: Parliament dissolved by King Charles I - did not meet for another 11 yea
50	1633	Jun 1633—Jun 1633: Galileo summoned by Inquisition for publishing in favour of Copernican theory
51	1635	1635—1635: Letter Office of England & Scotland started 1635—1635: Flintlock small arms invented around this time (replaces matchlock)
52	1636	1636—1636: Hackney Carriages in use by now in London
53	1638	1638—1638: King Charles regarded protests against the prayerbook as treason - forced Scots to choose between their church and the King - a ?Covenant' swearing to resist these changes to the Death was signed in Greyfriars Church Edinburgh and was accepted by hundreds of thousands of Scots (revival of Presbyterian Church)
54	1639	1639—1639: Act of Toleration in England established religious toleration
55	1640	3 Nov 1640—3 Nov 1640: Charles I forced to recall Parliament (the 'Long Parliament') due to Scottish invasion
56	1641	1641—1641: Charles I's policies cause insurrection in Ulster and Civil War in England 1641—1641: Charles I and the English Parliament acknowledge the Prebyterian Church in Scotland 23 Oct 1641—23 Oct 1641: 50,000 Irish killed in an uprising in Ulster
57	1642	1642—1642: The Civil War interrupted the keeping of parish registers 1642—1642: English theatres closed by Puritans (till 1660) 22 Aug 1642—22 Aug 1642: Charles I raises his standard at Nottingham - First Civil War in England (to 1649) 13 Nov 1642—13 Nov 1642: Battle of Turnham Green - Royalist forces withdraw in face of the Parliamentarian army and fail to take London 24 Nov 1642—24 Nov 1642: Abel Janszoon Tasman discovers Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) 18 Dec 1642—18 Dec 1642: Abel Janszoon Tasman first European to set foot in New Zealand
58	1643	13 Dec 1643—13 Dec 1643: Battle of Alton - victory for Parliamentarians - Sir Richard Bolle killed in St Lawrence's church