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Thomas Bethune

Thomas Bethune

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Timeline



 
 



 




   Date  Event(s)
1499 
  • 16 Nov 1499—16 Nov 1499: Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne, executed
1503 
  • 1503—1503: Leonardo da Vinci paints Mona Lisa (-1505)
  • 28 May 1503—28 May 1503: Marriage of King James IV of Scots and Margaret Tudor
1505 
  • 1505—1505: Royal College of Surgeons founded in Edinburgh
1506 
  • 22 Jan 1506—22 Jan 1506: First contingent of 150 Swiss Guards arrives at the Vatican
1507 
  • 1507—1507: First printing press in Scotland set up in Edinburgh by Andrew Myllar
  • Apr 1507—Apr 1507: Suggestion put forward that the New World be named America in honour of Amerigo Vespucci (on Martin Waldseem?ller's world map)
1509 
  • 1509—1509: Naturalisation papers start in England
  • 22 Apr 1509—22 Apr 1509: Henry VIII becomes king of England (to 1547) at 17 years old
  • 11 Jun 1509—11 Jun 1509: Henry VIII marries Catherine of Aragon
1512 
  • 1512—1512: The Auld Alliance' treaty with France - all Scottish citizens became French and vice versa
  • 1512—1512: Admiralty founded in London
  • Nov 1512—Nov 1512: Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, exhibited to the public for the first time
1513 
  • 16 Aug 1513—16 Aug 1513: Battle of the Spurs - English troops under Henry VIII defeat a French force at Guinegate
  • 9 Sep 1513—9 Sep 1513: Battle of Flodden, defeat of Scottish Army - death of King James IV of Scots
1514 
  • 1514—1514: Recording of Testaments (wills) begins in Scotland
10 1515 
  • 15 Nov 1515—15 Nov 1515: Thomas Wolsley invested as Cardinal
11 1516 
  • 1516—1516: Thomas More writes Utopia'
12 1517 
  • 31 Oct 1517—31 Oct 1517: Martin Luther fixes his 95 theses on church door at Wittenburg - regarded as start of the Reformation
13 1518 
  • 1518—1518: Treaty of London, a non-aggression pact between the major European nations: France, England, Holy Roman Empire, the Papacy, Spain, Burgundy and the Netherlands - sponsored by Cardinal Wolsey
14 1520 
  • Nov 1520—Nov 1520: Three ships under the command of Ferdinand Magellan negotiate the Strait of Magellan, becoming the first Europeans to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific
15 1521 
  • 17 Apr 1521—17 Apr 1521: Martin Luther speaks to the assembly at the Diet of Worms, refusing to recant his teachings
  • 17 May 1521—17 May 1521: Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, executed for treason
  • 25 May 1521—25 May 1521: Diet of Worms ends when Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor issues the Edict of Worms, declaring Martin Luther an outlaw
16 1522 
  • 6 Sep 1522—6 Sep 1522: The Victoria, one of the surviving ships of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition, becomes the first ship known to circumnavigate the world
17 1525 
  • 1525—1525: New Testament translated into English by William Tyndale
18 1527 
  • 1527—1527: Bishop Vesey's Grammar School founded in Sutton Coldfield
19 1528 
  • 1528—1528: St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle completed
20 1531 
  • 11 Feb 1531—11 Feb 1531: Henry VIII recognised as Supreme Head of the Church of England
21 1532 
  • 1532—1532: Foundation of the Court of Session in Scotland
22 1533 
  • 25 Jan 1533—25 Jan 1533: Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn secretly, wife #2 (she was crowned as Queen on 1st June)
  • 30 Mar 1533—30 Mar 1533: Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
  • 23 May 1533—23 May 1533: Henry VIII's marriage with Catherine of Aragon officially declared annulled
  • 11 Jul 1533—11 Jul 1533: Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Clement VII
  • 17 Sep 1533—17 Sep 1533: Anne Boleyn gives birth to a daughter Elizabeth, to become Queen Elizabeth I
23 1534 
  • 1534—1534: Reformation of the Catholic Church in England church (Henry VIII)
24 1535 
  • 1535—1535: Sir Thomas More executed
25 1536 
  • 1536—1536: Wales and England legally united by the Laws in Wales Act of 1535
  • 1536—1536: Dissolution of monasteries starts in England (to 1540)
  • 19 May 1536—19 May 1536: Anne Boleyn executed
  • 30 May 1536—30 May 1536: Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour, wife #3 (she was crowned as Queen on 29th October)
  • 18 Jul 1536—18 Jul 1536: The authority of the Pope is declared void in England
26 1537 
  • 24 Oct 1537—24 Oct 1537: Jane Seymour dies from complications in giving birth to a son, the future Edward VI
27 1538 
  • 1538—1538: Henry VIII issues English Bible
  • 1538—1538: English and Welsh parish registers start
  • 17 Dec 1538—17 Dec 1538: Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Paul III
28 1540 
  • 1540—1540: Statute of Wills allows freehold land to be bequeathed
  • 6 Jan 1540—6 Jan 1540: Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves, the 'Flanders Mare', wife #4
  • 9 Feb 1540—9 Feb 1540: First recorded horse racing event in Britain, at Chester
  • 9 Jul 1540—9 Jul 1540: Henry VIII divorces Anne of Cleves
  • 28 Jul 1540—28 Jul 1540: Thomas Cromwell executed; Henry VIII marries Catherine Howard the same day, wife #5
29 1541 
  • 1541—1541: Henry VIII proclaimed king (rather than feudal lord) of Ireland
30 1542 
  • 13 Feb 1542—13 Feb 1542: Catherine Howard executed
  • 14 Dec 1542—14 Dec 1542: Death of King James V of Scots; his baby daughter Mary ?Queen of Scots' succeeds him just 6 days old
31 1543 
  • 12 Jul 1543—12 Jul 1543: Henry VIII marries Catherine Parr, wife #6, who survives him
  • 9 Sep 1543—9 Sep 1543: Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is officially crowned Queen of Scots' in Stirling (spelling of the royal house changes from Stewart to Stuart)
32 1544 
  • 1544—1544: Henry's VIII's Rough Wooing' of the Scottish Borders
  • 1544—1544: Mary of Guise, Regent of Scotland
33 1545 
  • 20 Jul 1545—20 Jul 1545: Mary Rose, flagship of Henry VIII, sinks in the Solent - raised in 1982
34 1546 
  • 1546—1546: Trinity College, Cambridge founded by Henry VIII
35 1547 
  • 1547—1547: Ivan the Terrible takes title 'Tsar of all the Russias'
  • 1547—1547: Vagrants Act passed (able-bodied tramps can be detained as slaves)
  • 1547—1547: English replaced Latin in church services in England and Wales
  • 28 Jan 1547—28 Jan 1547: Death of Henry VIII (succeeded by Edward VI, aged 9, to 1553)
  • 20 Feb 1547—20 Feb 1547: Coronation of Edward VI in Westminster Abbey
  • 10 Sep 1547—10 Sep 1547: Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, said to be the first 'modern' battle to be fought in the British Isles
36 1548 
  • 1548—1548: Priests in England allowed to marry (about a third then did so) - but see 1554
37 1549 
  • 1549—1549: English Parliament declares enclosures legal
  • 1549—1549: First Act of Uniformity in England made Catholic Mass illegal
  • 1549—1549: Wedding ring finger changed from right to left hand
  • 9 Jun 1549—9 Jun 1549: First Book of Common Prayer sanctioned by English Parliament
38 1550 
  • 1550—1550: Walloon Protestants arrive as refugees from the Low Countries
39 1551 
  • 1551—1551: Scotland: General Provincial Council orders each parish to keep a register of baptisms and banns of marriage
40 1552 
  • Mar 1552—Mar 1552: An 'Act of Uniformity' imposes the Protestant prayerbook of 1552 in England
41 1553 
  • 6 Jul 1553—6 Jul 1553: Edward VI dies; Lady Jane Grey queen for a few days only
  • 19 Jul 1553—19 Jul 1553: Mary Tudor ('Bloody Mary') comes to the throne
42 1554 
  • 1554—1554: Brief Catholic restoration under Queen Mary Tudor - married priests forced to separate at least 30 miles from their wives
  • 12 Feb 1554—12 Feb 1554: Lady Jane Grey beheaded
43 1556 
  • 21 Mar 1556—21 Mar 1556: Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer burned at the stake in Oxford
44 1558 
  • 1558—1558: System of Counties adopted
  • 1558—1558: Scottish parish registers start
  • 7 Jan 1558—7 Jan 1558: French take Calais, last English possession in France
  • 24 Apr 1558—24 Apr 1558: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Fran?ois the Dauphin of France in Paris
  • 17 Nov 1558—17 Nov 1558: Queen Mary Tudor of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth - Protestantism restored in England
45 1559 
  • 1559—1559: Tobacco introduced to Europe
  • 1559—1559: John Knox returns from Continent - strengthens case for Presbyterianism in Scotland
  • 15 Jan 1559—15 Jan 1559: Elizabeth crowned in Westminster Abbey by Owen Oglethorpe, the Bishop of Carlisle
  • 29 Apr 1559—29 Apr 1559: Acts of Supremacy passed in Parliament, ending papal jurisdiction over England & Wales; established Church of England
46 1560 
  • 1560—1560: Establishment of Protestantism in Scotland - commissary courts thrown into confusion - some records lost
  • 27 Feb 1560—27 Feb 1560: Treaty of Berwick between Duc du Chatelherault (as governor of Scotland) and the English, agreeing to act jointly to expel the French from Scotland
47 1561 
  • 1561—1561: Spire of St Paul's, highest in England, destroyed by fire
  • 1561—1561: The first coins produced by machinery (known as a 'mill') rather than by hand, but it was a slow process and did not replace hand struck coinage until new machinery was introduced in 1663
48 1562 
  • 1562—1562: Earliest English slave-trading expedition, under John Hawkins - between Guinea and the West Indies
49 1563 
  • 28 Jul 1563—28 Jul 1563: The English surrender Le Havre to the French after a siege
50 1564 
  • 26 Apr 1564—26 Apr 1564: Shakespeare baptised - he is said to have been born on Apr 23, St George's Day; he certainly died on Apr 23, 1616
51 1565 
  • 29 Jul 1565—29 Jul 1565: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, her first cousin
52 1566 
  • 9 Mar 1566—9 Mar 1566: Murder of David Riccio (or Rizzio) in Holyrood House
53 1567 
  • 10 Feb 1567—10 Feb 1567: Murder of Darnley outside Holyrood House in an explosion
  • 15 May 1567—15 May 1567: Marriage of Mary Queen of Scots to James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell
  • 24 Jul 1567—24 Jul 1567: Mary Queen of Scots deposed and replaced by her 1 year old son James VI
54 1568 
  • 13 May 1568—13 May 1568: Battle of Langside - Mary's flight to England and her imprisonment by Queen Elizabeth I
55 1569 
  • 1569—1569: Elizabeth I approved Sunday sports
56 1570 
  • 25 Feb 1570—25 Feb 1570: Pope Pius V issued the papal bull 'Regnans in Excelsis' to excommunicate Elizabeth I and her followers in the Church of England
57 1571 
  • 1571—1571: Presbyterianism introduced into England by Thomas Cartwright
  • 1571—1571: Repeal of Act prohibiting lending of money on interest - gradual change from 'subsistence economy' to 'cash economy' resulted
  • 1571—1571: Beginning of penal legislation against Catholics in England
  • 23 Jan 1571—23 Jan 1571: Opening of the Royal Exchange in London, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham - this building destroyed in Great Fire of London 1666
58 1577 
  • 1577—1577: James Burbage opens first theatre in London
59 1579 
  • 1579—1579: Act of Uniformity in matters of religion enforced
60 1580 
  • 1580—1580: Congregational movement founded by Robert Browne about this time
  • 1580—1580: Colonisation of Ireland
  • 6 Apr 1580—6 Apr 1580: Dover Straits earthquake, largest in the recorded history of England, mentioned by Shakespeare - dozens of ships sunk and a tsunami hit Calais
61 1581 
  • 1581—1581: English Levant Company founded
  • 16 Jan 1581—16 Jan 1581: English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism
  • 4 Apr 1581—4 Apr 1581: Francis Drake knighted by Elizabeth I aboard the Golden Hind after circumnavigating the world
62 1583 
  • 1583—1583: University of Edinburgh founded
  • 1583—1583: Foundation of Cambridge University Press by Thomas Thomas
  • Aug 1583—Aug 1583: Sir Humphrey Gilbert attempts to establish English authority at St John's, Newfoundland
63 1584 
  • 4 Jun 1584—4 Jun 1584: Sir Walter Raleigh establishes first English colony in the New World, on Roanoke Island, Virginia (now in North Carolina) - the so-called 'Lost Colony'
64 1585 
  • 1585—1585: Foundation of Oxford University Press
65 1587 
  • 1587—1587: Introduction of potatoes to England
  • 8 Feb 1587—8 Feb 1587: Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, at Fotheringay Castle, near Peterborough
  • 19 Apr 1587—19 Apr 1587: Sir Francis Drake sinks the Spanish fleet in Cadiz harbour
  • 11 Aug 1587—11 Aug 1587: Raleigh's second expedition to New World lands in North Carolina - first child born in the New World of English parents was Virginia Dare (Aug 18)
66 1588 
  • 1588—1588: Invention of shorthand by Dr Timothy Bright
  • 19 Jul 1588—19 Jul 1588: Spanish Armada sighted off the Lizard (had set sail from Lisbon in late May)
  • 29 Jul 1588—29 Jul 1588: Defeat of Spanish Armada off Gravelines
67 1591 
  • 1591—1591: Trinity College, Dublin, founded
68 1592 
  • 1592—1592: A Congregational (or Independent) Church formed in London
  • 1592—1592: Scotland: Presbyterian Church formally established - all ministers equal - no bishops - secular commissaries appointed by the Crown
69 1593 
  • 1593—1593: British statute mile established by law
70 1594 
  • 1594—1594: Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, leads Irish rebellion against English rule (-1603)
71 1597 
  • 1597—1597: Poor Law Act for erection of parish workhouses for the Poor - Poor Rate collection allowed
72 1598 
  • 1598—1598: Bishop's transcripts of English and Welsh parish registers start - parish records were to be kept in 'great decent books of parchment' and copies or 'Bishop's Transcripts' of new entries were to be sent each month to the diocesan centre
73 1600 
  • 1 Jan 1600—1 Jan 1600: Scotland adopts New Year beginning 1st January (previously 25th March)
  • 31 Dec 1600—31 Dec 1600: British East India Company founded
74 1601 
  • 1601—1601: Great English Poor Law Act passed
  • 1601—1601: First use of fruit juice as a preventative for scurvy by James Lancaster
75 1602 
  • 20 Mar 1602—20 Mar 1602: Dutch East India Company founded
  • 8 Nov 1602—8 Nov 1602: Bodleian Library at Oxford University opened to the public
76 1603 
  • 24 Mar 1603—24 Mar 1603: Death of Elizabeth I: union of Scottish and English crowns - under King James VI of Scots and I of England (d. 1625)
  • 25 Jul 1603—25 Jul 1603: Coronation - James VI of Scotland is crowned first king of Great Britain
77 1604 
  • 1 Nov 1604—1 Nov 1604: Shakespeare: Othello' first presented
78 1605 
  • 5 Nov 1605—5 Nov 1605: Gunpowder plot at Westminster (Guy Fawkes, etc)
79 1606 
  • 1606—1606: The London Company chartered to colonise Virginia: the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery leave England on 19th De c taking 144 days to reach America
  • 1606—1606: Episcopacy established in Scotland (against wishes of the Scots)
  • 31 Jan 1606—31 Jan 1606: Guy Fawkes and co-conspirators executed
  • 12 Mar 1606—12 Mar 1606: Adoption of Union Flag as the flag of Great Britain' (the term Union Jack is used officially only when the Union Flag is flown from the Jack Mast of a Royal Naval vessel)
80 1607 
  • 14 May 1607—14 May 1607: Jamestown, Virginia settled - to become the first permanent British colony in North America
81 1608 
  • 1608—1608: First use of telescope by Galileo - he observed the moons of Jupiter two years later in Jan 1610