 1599 - 1658 (59 years) Submit Photo / Document
Has 13 ancestors and 9 descendants in this family tree.
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| Name |
Oliver Cromwell |
| Prefix |
Sir |
| Suffix |
1st Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland |
| Christening |
5 May 1563 |
Huntingdonshire, England  |
| Birth |
25 Apr 1599 |
Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England |
| Gender |
Male |
| Death |
3 Sep 1658 |
Whitehall, London, Middlesex, England |
| Initiatory (LDS) |
22 Sep 1911 |
SLAKE |
| FamilySearch ID |
M1XV-1HB |
| Burial |
Tyburn Manor, London, Middlesex, England |
| Headstones |
 Submit Headstone Photo |
| Person ID |
I95340 |
mytree |
| Last Modified |
25 Feb 2024 |
| Father |
Robert Cromwell, b. 1560, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England d. 24 Jun 1617, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England (Age 57 years) |
| Mother |
Elizabeth Lynne Steward, b. 7 Nov 1565, Ely, Cambridgeshire, England d. 18 Nov 1654, London, Middlesex, England (Age 89 years) |
| Family ID |
F30764 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Family |
Elizabeth Bourchier, b. 1598, London, Middlesex, England d. Nov 1665, Norborough, Northamptonshire, England (Age 67 years) |
| Marriage |
22 Aug 1620 |
St. Giles-without-Cripplegate, London, Middlesex, England |
| Children |
| | 1. Robert Cromwell, b. 13 Oct 1621, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England d. 31 May 1639, Felsted, Essex, England (Age 17 years) |
| | 2. Oliver Cromwell, b. 6 Feb 1622, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England d. Mar 1644, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England (Age 22 years) |
| | 3. Bridget Cromwell, b. 1 Aug 1624, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England d. 1 Jul 1681, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England (Age 56 years) |
| | 4. Richard Cromwell,, b. 4 Oct 1626, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England d. 12 Jul 1712, Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, England (Age 85 years) |
| | 5. Henry Cromwell, b. 20 Jan 1627, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England d. 23 Mar 1674, Cambridgeshire, England (Age 47 years) |
| | 6. Elizabeth Cromwell, b. 2 Jul 1629, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England d. 6 Aug 1658, London, Middlesex, England (Age 29 years) |
| | 7. James Cromwell, b. 8 Jan 1631, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England d. 9 Jan 1631 (Age 0 years) |
| | 8. Mary Cromwell, b. 9 Feb 1637, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England d. 14 Mar 1712, Chiswick, London, Middlesex, England (Age 75 years) |
| | 9. Frances Cromwell, b. Abt 6 Dec 1638, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England d. 27 Jan 1720 (Age 81 years) |
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| Family ID |
F30766 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Last Modified |
5 May 2024 |
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| Event Map |
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 | Christening - 5 May 1563 - Huntingdonshire, England |
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 | Birth - 25 Apr 1599 - Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England |
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 | Marriage - 22 Aug 1620 - St. Giles-without-Cripplegate, London, Middlesex, England |
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 | Death - 3 Sep 1658 - Whitehall, London, Middlesex, England |
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 | Initiatory (LDS) - 22 Sep 1911 - SLAKE |
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 | Burial - - Tyburn Manor, London, Middlesex, England |
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| Notes |
- He was an English general and statesman who, first as a subordinate an d l ater as Commander-in-Chief, led armies of the Parliament of England a gain st King Charles I during the English Civil War, subsequently rulin g the B ritish Isles as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658 . He acte d simultaneously as head of state and head of government of th e new repub lican commonwealth.
Cromwell was born into the landed gentry to a family descended from th e s ister of Henry VIII's minister Thomas Cromwell (his great-great-grand uncl e). Little is known of the first 40 years of his life, as only fou r of hi s personal letters survive, along with a summary of a speech tha t he deli vered in 1628. He became an Independent Puritan after undergoin g a religi ous conversion in the 1630s, taking a generally tolerant vie w towards th e many Protestant sects of the time; an intensely religiou s man, Cromwel l fervently believed in God guiding him to victory. Cromwe ll was electe d Member of Parliament for Huntingdon in 1628, and for Camb ridge in the S hort (1640) and Long (1640–1649) Parliaments. He entered t he English Civi l Wars on the side of the "Roundheads", or Parliamentaria ns, and gained t he nickname "Old Ironsides". Cromwell demonstrated his a bility as a comma nder and was quickly promoted from leading a single cav alry troop to bein g one of the principal commanders of the New Model Arm y, playing an impor tant role under General Sir Thomas Fairfax in the def eat of the Royalis t ("Cavalier") forces.
Cromwell was one of the signatories of Charles I's death warrant in 164 9 , and dominated the short-lived Commonwealth of England as a member o f th e Rump Parliament (1649–1653). He was selected to take command of th e Eng lish campaign in Ireland in 1649–1650. Cromwell's forces defeated t he Con federate and Royalist coalition in Ireland and occupied the countr y, endi ng the Irish Confederate Wars. During this period, a series of Pe nal Law s were passed against Roman Catholics (a significant minority i n Englan d and Scotland but the vast majority in Ireland), and a substant ial amoun t of their land was confiscated. Cromwell also led a campaign a gainst th e Scottish army between 1650 and 1651. On 20 April 1653, he dis missed th e Rump Parliament by force, setting up a short-lived nominate d assembly k nown as Barebone's Parliament, before being invited by his f ellow leader s to rule as Lord Protector of England (which included Wale s at the time) , Scotland, and Ireland from 16 December 1653.[4] As a rul er, Cromwell ex ecuted an aggressive and effective foreign policy. Nevert heless, his poli cy of religious toleration for Protestant denomination s during the Protec torate extended only to "God's peculiar", and not t o those he considere d heretics, such as Quakers, Socinians, and Ranters.
Cromwell died of natural causes in 1658 and was buried in Westminster Ab b ey. He was succeeded by his son Richard, whose weakness led to a powe r va cuum. Oliver's former General George Monck then mounted a coup, caus ing P arliament to arrange Prince Charles's return to London as King Char les I I and the Royalists' return to power in 1660. Cromwell's corpse wa s subse quently dug up, hung in chains, and beheaded.
Cromwell is one of the most controversial figures in British and Irish h i story, considered a regicidal dictator by historians such as David Shar p , a military dictator by Winston Churchill, and a hero of liberty by Jo h n Milton, Thomas Carlyle, and Samuel Rawson Gardiner. His tolerance o f Pr otestant sects did not extend to Catholics, and some have characteri sed t he measures he took against them, particularly in Ireland, as genoc idal o r near-genocidal. His record is strongly criticised in Ireland,[9 ] althou gh the worst atrocities took place after he had returned to Engl and.[10 ] He was selected as one of the ten greatest Britons of all tim e in a 200 2 BBC poll.
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Has 13 ancestors and 9 descendants in this family tree.
English
