Matches 2,101 to 2,150 of 2,884
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| 2101 |
Pochins was a chief who ruled near Hampton, Virginia | Pochins (I9224)
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| 2102 |
Predeceased his parents, without issue. | de Senlis, Simon (I171814)
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| 2103 |
Predeceased his parents, without issue. | de Senlis, Gunnor (I171815)
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| 2104 |
At least one living or private individual is linked to this note - Details withheld. | Living (I170334)
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| 2105 |
Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-S o nderburg-Glücksburg, was the seventh child and fourth son of King Geor g e I of Greece and Olga Constantinovna of Russia. He was a grandson of C hr istian IX of Denmark and father of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. H e w as a prince of both Denmark and Greece by virtue of his patrilineal d esce nt.
A career soldier, he began military training at an early age, and was co m missioned as an officer in the Greek army. His command positions were s ub stantive appointments rather than honorary, and he saw service in th e Bal kan Wars. In 1913, his father was assassinated and Andrew's elder b rother , Constantine, became king. The king's neutrality policy during Wo rld Wa r I led to his abdication, and most of the royal family, includin g Andrew , was exiled. On their return a few years later, Andrew saw serv ice as Ma jor General[1] in the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922), but the wa r went bad ly for Greece, and Andrew was blamed, in part, for the loss o f Greek terr itory. He was exiled for a second time in 1922, and spent mo st of the res t of his life in France.
By 1930, he was estranged from his wife, Princess Alice of Battenberg. H i s only son, Prince Philip, served in the British navy during World Wa r II , while all four of his daughters were married to Germans, three o f who m had Nazi connections. Separated from his wife and son by the effe cts o f the war, Andrew died in Monte Carlo in 1944. He had seen neithe r of the m since 1939. | Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Prince Andreas (I43936)
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| 2106 |
Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark of the Glücksburg branch of the Ho u se of Oldenburg, was the fourth child and third son of George I of Gree ce , and of Queen Olga. He was known as "Greek Nicky" within the family t o d istinguish him from his cousin Emperor Nicholas II of Russia (first c ousi n on the paternal side and second cousin on the maternal side). Prin ce Ni cholas was a talented painter, often signing his works as "Nicola s Leprin ce. | Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Prince Nicholas (I173357)
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| 2107 |
Princess Maria of Greece and Denmark was a daughter of King George I o f G reece and his wife Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia. She w a s a sister of King Constantine I of Greece and a first cousin of Tsar N ic holas II of Russia.
Born as a princess of Greece and Denmark, she was educated in Athens b y p rivate tutors. Her father instilled in her a great love for Greece an d th roughout her life, she remained a fervent patriot. She married Gran d Duk e George Mikhailovich of Russia, her first cousin once removed, wh o court ed her for five years. The wedding took place in 1900 in Corfu. T he coupl e settled in St. Petersburg and they had two daughters: Princess es Nina ( 1901 -1974) and Xenia of Russia (1903 -1965).
Grand Duke George Mikhailovich had a house built for her in Crimea an d h e was a devoted father and husband, but the marriage was unhappy. Pri nces s Maria, known upon her marriage as Grand Duchess Maria Georgievna o f Rus sia, neither got to love her husband nor her adopted country. Longi ng fo r her native Greece, she never adapted to life in Russia. Over th e years , she became estranged from her husband taking any opportunity t o spend t ime abroad. At the outbreak of World War I, she was vacationin g in Englan d with her daughters and chose not to return to Russia. Durin g the confli ct, she was a patron of three military hospitals in Harrogat e, which sh e financed generously.
Her husband was trapped in Russia after the revolution and he was sho t b y the Bolsheviks with several other Romanov relatives in January 1919 . I n her widowhood, deprived of her Russian income, Princess Maria face d ser ious financial difficulties. She returned to live in Greece with he r daug hters in 1920. There, she began a relationship with Admiral Perikl es Ioan nidis, who had been the commander of the ship that she took at he r retur n to Athens. They were married in 1922. The proclamation of the S econd He llenic Republic in 1924, sent her into exile. The princess retur ned to li ve in Britain for a couple of years and she settled in Rome i n 1926 wit h her second husband. She lived in Italy for over a decade unt il the outb reak of the Greco-Italian War in 1940 forced her to return t o her nativ e Greece. She was in poor health and was cared for by her nep hew King Pau l of Greece and his wife Frederica. She died, as the Greek r oyal family w as about to leave for exile. She left a book of memoirs, pu blished posthu mously by her grandchildren with the title A Romanov Diary . | Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Princess Maria (I173358)
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| 2108 |
Priscilla was the 5th child born to Sarah Priscilla and Joseph. Sever a l months before she was born, Priscilla’s family moved from Provo to Lo ga n. This was during the winter and while the family built a dugout whe r e they could live, all 7 of them lived in their wagon. Fortunately, th e y moved into their dugout shortly before Priscilla was born .
Priscilla was just 2 years old when her mother and baby sister, Mary, di e d. Her older sister, Elizabeth, looked after Priscilla, as much a s a n 8 year-old sister could. Neighbors tried to help out but what a tr ia l it must have been for these 2 young girls (as well as the rest of th ei r family) to lose their mother.
The Church Authorities advised that widowers should meet and become acqu a inted with marriageable women coming to Utah. So Joseph and a neighbo r wi dower made the journey to Salt Lake City and found new wives. Josep h mar ried Elizabeth Ann Goddard Wood, a widow with 2 daughters, when Pri scill a was 5 years old.
When Priscilla was 18, her father was called on a church mission to Engl a nd.
She married Thomas Nelson Rowland at age 21. He was a construction fore m an who helped build many railroad bridges in Utah, Idaho and Montana . H e was very kind to Priscilla and their children and although his wor k kep t him away from the family much of the time, when he did come hom e “it wa s a great day” as he would bring home a big sack of oranges fo r one daugh ter and a sack of bananas for the other—a great treat in thos e days, the n he would open his valise and present each of the family mem bers wit h a special gift.
Priscilla had 5 children—but only one son and one daughter lived to adul t hood. One died the same day he was born, the next one died around 1 ye a r old, and her next child (the daughter she is pictured with) died at a g e 17.
Sources: Thomas Nelson Rowland history | Greaves, Priscilla Cluley (I2664)
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| 2109 |
Probably the daughter of Stephen, King of Hungary | von Brunswick, Agatha (I13209)
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| 2110 |
Professional Boxer. Nicknamed "The Manassa Mauler", he was Heavyweight C h ampion of the World from 1919 to 1926. The legendary Dempsey was bor n i n Manassa, Colorado, one of 11 children. At 16 he left home and trave le d on freight trains and fought to earn money. Then Dempsey met manage r Ja ck 'Doc' Kearns and started knocking out legitimate contenders lik e Firem an Jim Flynn, Fred Fulton, former Light Heavyweight Champion Batt ling Lev insky and Gunboat Smith. On July 4, 1919, Dempsey met Heavyweigh t Champio n Jess Willard on a sweltering day in Toledo, Ohio. Bobbing an d weaving , Dempsey closed the gap on the much taller Willard and knocke d him dow n 7 times in the first round. The carnage continued for 2 mor e rounds unt il the fight was halted because Willard couldn’t answer th e bell for th e fourth round. As Champion he fought Billy Miske, Bill Bre nnan, George s Carpentier, Tommy Gibbons and Louis Firpo. He was inactiv e in 1924 an d 1925, and in 1926 he took on Gene Tunney. A classic matchu p of the boxe r versus puncher, Tunney, a former Marine, moved side to si de and threw c ombinations which befuddled Dempsey and he lost the titl e on a 15 round d ecision. In September of 1927, Dempsey got a rematch wi th Tunney at Chica go's Soldier Field. Tunney was out boxing Dempsey onc e again but got drop ped in the seventh round. In one of boxing’s most co ntroversial moments , Dempsey instinctively hovered over Tunney waiting t o hit him as soon a s he rose. But a new rule had been adopted that i f a fighter scores a kno ckdown he must go to a neutral corner. The refer ee spent several second s ushering Dempsey to a neutral corner, then star ted the count. It was es timated that Tunney was down for 14 seconds befo re he rose. Tunney went o n to win the fight by decision, and the 'long c ount ' became boxing lore . Dempsey retired after the Tunney fight wit h a record of 60-6-8 with 5 0 ko's, and his popularity became huge for h e was considered the people s Champion because of the long count. He open ed a restaurant on Broadwa y in New York City and it quickly became one o f the city’s most popular s pots. Dempsey himself was often in the restau rant to greet guests, sign a utographs, and pose for pictures. The restau rant closed in 1974 after a 3 9 year run, and Dempsey passed away in 1983 . In 1990, 7 years after his d eath, Dempsey was inducted into the Intern ational Boxing Hall of Fame. | Dempsey, William Harrison (I97887)
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| 2111 |
Pvt., US Marine Corps, Sect. 7, site 12864. | Farrow, Adoniram (I166573)
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| 2112 |
Raid on Kiel Germany Missing in action North Sea.
Fred was part of the HELL"S Angels 303rd Bomb Group .
Part of the USAAF-RAF whose objective was to eradicate the buzz bomb thr e at.
Because of their mission they are contirubeted to the begining of the e n d for the German Air Force.
THis group was one of the first to strike Berlin on March 6 1944.
THey would carry bombs to the far east over Poland, bombing almost arou n d the clock.
THE HELL"S ANGELS became one of the most famous FLYING FORTRESSESS of W O RLD WAR 11.
In the inventory since the Groups beginning this aricrat group was the f i rst heavy bomber in the 8th Air Force to complete 25 missions.
REQUIEM HIGH MASS OFR SGT JANISCH
A requiem high Mass was celebrated at St Mary's Church May 28 for Techni c al Sergeant Ferd J Janisch. Father Philip Daul officiated Music was b y t he choir of St Francis Church of Ellsworth, Several members of the Ki nnne -Engelhart post of Ellsworth attended. the flag was carried by Corp ora l Willard Hines and was presendted to Mrs Anna Janisch mother of th e dece ased. technical Sergeant Ferd J Janisch son of Edward and Anna J anisc h wentto study mechanical engineering and following that he studie d flyin g. He enlisted in the air force and his training took him to near ly ever y air field in the states.
He went to England in August 1943 as top turret gunner on a B-17 Fyli n g Fortress. During the raid on Kiel Germany January 4, 1944 he was repo rt ed missing with the other nine members of the crew. The ship was force d d own thirty miles from land over the North Sea. Ten moths later abod y ide ntified as a member of the crew was washed ashore. He was also a wi sconsi n from Racine.
March 12, 1942 Pierce Co Herald.
Pvt. Ferd John Janisch son of Mrs anna Janisch ellsowrth graduated fro m t he huge Air Corps Technical school in Keesler Field Miss after an int ensi ve 19 week course which prepared him to serve as an airplane mechani c "o n the line"
Fred would become part of the Hells Angels Team and is memorialized at t h e 303 BG OVERSEAS GRAVES at Cambridge Cemetery Madingley England | Janisch, Ferdinand John (I155943)
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| 2113 |
Ralph later sensationally abducted Margaret de Audley, 2nd Baroness Audl e y, daughter of Hugh de Audley, 1st Earl of Gloucester and Margaret de C la re, who was worth at least £2,314 a year, more than ten times his ow n est ates. Her parents filed a complaint with King Edward III of England , bu t the King supported Stafford's actions. In compensation, the King a ppeas ed Hugh and Margaret by creating Hugh the 1st Earl of Gloucester. M argare t de Audley and Stafford married before 6 July 1336 and they subse quentl y had two sons and four daughters. | Family: Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford, 2nd Baron Stafford / Margaret de Audley, 2nd Baroness Audley and Countess of Stafford (F7923)
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| 2114 |
Ralph served in the army in Europe in WWII. | Morava, Ralph Edward (I161381)
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| 2115 |
Ran a livery stable ine Ellsworth Wisconsin. Noted as a farmer in Lost C r eek ElPaso township Pierce County Wisconsin. Employed in working road b ri dge construction and operated a fishing resort in Bay City Wisconsin | Brookshaw, Joseph R (I155923)
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| 2116 |
Rasmus Hansen Lund was born 12 November 1840, a son of Hans Hansen Lun d a nd Karen Rasmussen, in the area called Hallingskev, Fyen, Denmark. Th e fa mily later moved to the beautiful island of Taasinge, or Thersing, m eanin g the God Thors Meadow, who was recognized as one of the early Dani sh god s.
Hans Hansen Lund secured the leasing of a large farm in the town of Gjes i ng. This island originally belonged to a nobleman by the name of Niel s Ju ul, Admiral in the Danish navy, and presented to him by the Danish G overn ment as an award for the successful sea battle in Kjge Bay (1677) . Henc e all lands were leased out, the title thereto remain vested in hi s desce ndants. The castle built in his honor is still standing and calle d “Valde mars Castle” and forms an attraction to tourists visiting Denmar k .
Rasmus Hansen Lund participated in the War of 1864 between Denmark and G e rmany. Due to exposure during this war, he was stricken with rheumati c pa in which he never overcame. For this service, he was awarded the “Wa r Ser vice Medal.” He also received a small pension after he arrived in S alt La ke City, Utah, through the Danish Vice Consulate here, Vice Counse l Pete r Hansen. After being discharged from the Army, he resumed work o n his fa ther’s farm. On 10 July 1866 he married Petrine Jensen, the daug hter o f a shipbuilder, Jens Hansen of Lundby, Taasinge. Petrine Jensen w as bor n 20 November 1843. While they made their home at Lundby, two chil dren we re born to them: Hans Marius Hansen Lund on 24 November 1867 an d Carolin e Petrine Hansen Lund on 29 April 1869. In the year 1870 Rasmu s Hansen Lu nd became the manager of the Cooperative Mercantile Institut e of Gundsema gle, Falster, Denmark. The family left for the new field o f activity, tak ing daughter Caroline Petrine with them. Marius Hansen Lu nd was left wit h his grandfather, Jens Hansen. The following children we re born at Gunde smagle: Jens (James) Peter Alfred Hansen Lund born 3 Dec ember 1870, Theod ore Hannibal Hansen Lund born 9 March 1872, Adolph Hans en Lund born 26 Se ptember 1875, George Guido Hansen Lund born 12 March 1 876, and Ernst Soph us Paulinus Hansen Lund born 23 January 1879.
Rasmus Hansen Lund was very much liked by his employers and his courtsm e n and when he decided to leave to go into business for himself in 1881 , t he Board of Directors offered him an increase in salary, but he wante d t o be his own boss. Sollested, Lolland, the place of the new busines s wa s a railroad and telegraph station located about 8 miles west of th e coas t city of Nakskev. The property purchased consisted of about an ac re of l and and the necessary out-buildings for livestock and poultry. Wh ile livi ng in Sollested the following children were born: Djalmar Emanue l Hanse n Lund born 4 May 1882, Balthasar Alexander Hansen Lund born 19 A pril 188 3, Bothilda Antonette Hansen Lund born 5 November 1884, Elvira K amilla Ha nsen Lund born 13 March 1886, and Rosamundi Adli Hansen Lund bo rn in 1887 . Bothilda and Rosamundi died in infancy; Bothilda died 27 Jun e 1887 an d Rosamundi died 24 June 1888. With the business deal, Rasmus w as allowe d to sell drinks and refreshments at the Railroad Station. He w as also t o see that the telegrams were delivered. The Inn was also a sto pover fo r traveling salesmen, and this also added to Rasmus’ source of i ncome. Ur anienborg, the name of the inn, was known for some distance aro und for it s accommodations and courteous service and so the business inc reased unti l it was necessary to add new buildings. A new two story bric k building w as erected, joining the other buildings. The first story wa s used for dan ces and public meetings, while the second story containe d several guest r ooms. There was also an outdoor bowling alley and wel l cared for garden . Rasmus Lund was highly respected and enjoyed a reput ation of fair and h onest dealings. Believing and practicing “the Golde n Rule,” he was also r eligiously inclined. It was therefore easy for hi m to accept the teaching s of the Mormon Elders with whom he came in cont act. After a thorough inv estigation of the gospel as taught by the missi onaries, he was baptized i n the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Sai nts, 30 November 1887, in N akskov, Fjord, Denmark. All of the children w ere later baptized at the sa me place. After joining the L.D.S. Church, t hey were anxious to join th e Saints in Utah, so properties were offere d for sale, at a very reduce d price. It was not until nearly six years h ad passed that a sale was mad e. Four of Rasmus’s sons, Marius, Alfred, H annibal, and Adolph emigrate d to Utah four years before the rest of th e family in the year 1889. In e arly August 1893, the rest of the famil y left Sollested for Utah, accompa nied by the following children: Caroli ne, Sophus, Djalmar, George, Alexan der, and Elvira. They arrived in Sal t Lake City 3 September 1893 and resi ded there until 1895.
Rasmus H. Lund bought a grocery, hay and grain business which was locat e d at 339 So. Salt Lake City, Utah. The business was conducted under th e n ame R.H. Lund and Sons. The oldest son Marius was the manager. Due t o th e effect of the panic of 1892, the business was not very profitable . Duri ng the latter part of 1895, the property on State Street was trade d fo r a small farm in Pleasant Grove, Utah where the family then moved . Rasmu s’s son George Guido Lund died 21 November 1895 at 339 So. Stat e St; hi s son Theodore Hannibal Lund had died prior to the arrival of Ma rius an d Adolph on 11 May 1889 at Mt. Pleasant, Sanpete, Utah. They ha d both die d from Typhoid Fever. Djalmar went on a mission to Denmark. Wh en all of t he children had married, Rasmus and Petrine sold their proper ty in Pleasa nt Grove and moved to Crescent, Utah where they built a comf ortable hom e on ground given to them by their daughter, Caroline and he r husband Olu f Bohn. This property adjoined the Bohn home .
Rasmus Hansen Lund had always been a thrifty and economic person, a sple n did provider for his family, a liberal contributor when help was neede d . He had an attractive and pleasing personality which was a great fact o r in drawing people to him. He was joyful in his disposition, a fine da nc er, a fair singer, and a good mixer among friends and the public. It m us t be said of him that he was a faithful Latter Day Saint member holdin g t he office of High Priest. He was honest with his God and his fellowme n. B lessed be his memory.
The above was prepared by his eldest son, Marius Lund, from memory and o t her dependable sources and was read at the annual meeting of the Rasmu s H ansen Lund Family Association, which was organized 20 November 1922 , at t he Moose Club Hall on 19 November 1941 | Lund, Rasmus Hansen (I4995)
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| 2117 |
RAYMOND ARNOLD DISNEY ~
was one of the older brothers of entertainment legend Walter Elias Disney (Walt Disney). Among others, his close family included his spouse Meredith A. Disney and two sons Charles Elias Disney and Daniel Harwood Disney.
Raymond had one grandson, Charles Roy (Charlie) Disney, who was the son of Charles Elias Disney and Mary Elizabeth (O'Brien) Disney. Both Mary Elizabeth and Charles Roy died in an auto accident in 1972. After Raymond passed away, his son Charles Elias Disney adopted Cristian Petrea the son of longtime family friends and his name became Cristian Petrea Disney. Sadly, Cristian passed awy on May 10, 2018 as the result of cardiomegaly.
Raymond owned his own very successful insurance business for over forty-five years on North Vermont Avenue in Los Angeles, California. He handled most of the insurance for his brothers Walt and Roy and for their original Disney Bros. Studio in 1923 and later for Walt Disney Productions in Burbank, CA. Raymond was a close confidant and he advised brothers Walt and Roy throughout their lives and especially in the early years of Disney Bros. Studio and Walt Disney Productions. He really enjoyed spending much time with his brothers as they originally established what was to become the vast Disney Entertainment Enterprises, now known as The Walt Disney Company.
Raymond like his brother Walt, also greatly admired Abraham Lincoln and he worked alongside his brother Walt when the "Great Moments With Mr. Lincoln" exhibit was created for the Illinois Pavilion for the 1964/1965 New York World's Fair and later in 1965 was moved to Disneyland in Anaheim, California. Today Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln is an element of the Disneyland attraction "The Disneyland Story" presenting Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln, which opened in 2009.
Raymond had an uncanny sense about dates and numbers! Raymond was greatly saddened when each one of his brothers passed away respectively, and he deeply missed them for the rest of his own life. Walt and Roy were both younger than Ray.
Raymond served in the U. S. Army during World War I. He was an active member of the American Legion and the Veterans of Foreign Wars in Los Angeles.
Early in life Raymond was a bank teller in Kansas City, Missouri at the Southwest National Bank of Commerce and the First National Bank at 10th & Baltimore Avenue in downtown Kansas City, the same bank where his brother Roy Oliver Disney also worked. Today, this bank building remains and is the Central Library of Kansas City. He always had a "soft spot" for Kansas City and would visit there many times across his lifetime.
Raymond was a member of St. Augustine by-the-Sea Episcopal Church in Santa Monica. He funded a large most beautiful and quite spectacular flower garden for many years that was so prominent in the churchyard filled with so many native blooming flowers for each season.
He was a very kind and generous gentleman! Ray had a wonderful sense of humor and enjoyed making people happy. Raymond loved cats and dogs and would always help strays find homes (often in his own home) that seemed to find their way to his door! He made very generous donations to local animal shelters for many years.
Raymond was quite active in the Masonic Lodge and the Los Angeles, California Al Malaikah Shrine Temple A. A. O. N. M. S. activities across many years. He was an active member of the Masonic Lodge in Los Angeles. He was a member of the Royal Order of Jesters and he participated in The Book of the Play. He was so proud of the fact that he enjoyed a personal meeting with Frank S. Land, the founder of the International Order of DeMolay with headquarters in Kansas City, Missouri. Ray bequeathed a very considerable amount of his large estate to the Shriner's Hospital for Crippled Children in Los Angeles and the Shriner's Children's Burn Hospital in Galveston, Texas.
If you are so inclined and want to help something really "magnificent" Raymond Arnold Disney would want you to reach out and donate to the Shriner's Hospitals For Children: (888) 337-0080!
Raymond was 98 when he passed from this life on Wednesday, May 24, 1989 at his home in Santa Monica, California, with his son Charles Elias Disney at his side.
Raymond's funeral service was held in the Little Church of the Flowers in Forest Lawn Memorial-Park in Glendale, CA on Saturday, May 27, 1989. Also, a Royal Order of Jester's Rose Ceremony and a Masonic Service followed the religious services. His remains were then entombed in the Freedom Mausoleum in the Sanctuary of Prayer Room close to the garden where Walt and Lillian and other family members ashes are entombed. Everything at Forest Lawn, as usual, was so beautiful and quite uplifting for the family and friends!
Some other members of his family are elsewhere in Forest Lawn Memorial-Parks in Glendale and the Hollywood Hills and Meredith A. Disney is entombed in the Risen Christ Mausoleum in Holy Cross Catholic Cemetery in Culver City, California, and other family in various other cemeteries. | Disney, Raymond Arnold (I97073)
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| 2118 |
REBECCA ANN STUBBS PEAY
Rebecca Ann Stubbs was born 1 May 1853. She was the third daughter an d f ourth child of Richard and Ellander Wyer (Ware) Stubbs. Her family a rriv ed in Provo, Utah 8 October 1852, seven months prior to her birth . The h ome of her grandparents Abishai and Delilah Rogers Wyer, who cam e to Prov o in 1851, could have been the home Rebecca was born in as no d efinite re cord was established.
Rebecca Ann was named after her mother’s sister who was lost from the fa m ily while crossing the plains somewhere between Virginia and Utah. Th e f ond recollections of her childhood days revealed the stories of how s he w ith others in the family helped in the fields as well as with the ho memak ing duties. Rebecca grew in the virtues of her family—generous, de pendab le, and honored for her integrity.
Rebecca grew up in the Provo Second Ward and was baptized 6 August 186 5 . When she grew to maturity she was a small dainty woman but strong i n c haracter. Rebecca married Edward Peay 10 May 1874 (to the same man t ha t married her older sister Amanda as a plural wife). She received he r en dowments the same day in the Endowment House in Salt Lake duty. The y mad e their home on the corner of Third South and Eighth West (standin g in 19 64) in the Provo Second Ward. She worked in most of the organiza tions o f the church, sang in the choir, and in company with her husban d did muc h temple work in both the Salt Lake and Manti temples. They ha d the foll owing children: (1) Sarah Elnora born 7 March 1875 Brigham Jo hnson 2 Jun e 1897, (2) William Richard, born 10 February 1877, married R hoda Buckne r 1 April 1903 and after her death he married Grace Ferguso n 2 April 1923 , (3) David Wilbert, born 16 April 1880 married Mary Arrow smith 18 Decemb er 1901, (4) Joseph Elvin born 25 June 1883, (5) Ernest b orn 25 March 188 7 and died 29 March 1888.
Rebecca was a beautiful seamstress. She enjoyed her children and her gr a ndchildren. Her husband died 25 April 1900 and after his death she ma d e her home with her only daughter until her own death seven years late r . Rebecca died 11 October 1907 following an operation for a tumor. H e r funeral was held in the Provo Second Ward and she was buried in the P ro vo City Cemetery on Block 4, Lot 79, between 1st and 2nd East and Sout h o f 4th North. Informant—History August 1964 by granddaughter Mary Cra ner . | Stubbs, Rebecca Ann (I158783)
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| 2119 |
RECORD: Astbury, Cheshire, England Bishop Transcripts (FHL#1,647,851).
BIRTH: St. Mary's Church Astbury, Parish Registers, Family History Socie t y of Cheshire and Rector and Church Wardens of St. Mary's Astbury, Tran sc ripts 1572-1641 CD.
BURIAL: St. Mary's Church Astbury, Parish Registers, Family History Soci e ty of Cheshire and Rector and Church Wardens of St. Mary's Astbury, Tra ns cript 1572-1641 CD. | Thorley, Anna (I171547)
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| 2120 |
Reign: 1034-1040
He was the first general ruler of Scotland, and Marmoar of Moray. He w a s slain by MacBeth.
Donnchad mac Crinain (Modern Gaelic: Donnchadh mac Crìonain;[2] anglicis e d as Duncan I, and nicknamed An t-Ilgarach, "the Diseased" or "the Sick "; [3] ca. 1001 – 14 August 1040)[1] was king of Scotland (Alba) from 103 4 t o 1040. He is the historical basis of the "King Duncan" in Shakespear e' s play Macbeth.
He was son of Crínán, hereditary lay abbot of Dunkeld, and Bethoc, daugh t er of king Malcolm II of Scotland (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda).
Unlike the "King Duncan" of Shakespeare's Macbeth, the historical Dunc a n appears to have been a young man. He followed his grandfather Malcol m a s king after the latter's death on 25 November 1034, without apparen t opp osition. He may have been Malcolm's acknowledged successor or tánai se a s the succession appears to have been uneventful.[4] Earlier histori es, f ollowing John of Fordun, supposed that Duncan had been king of Stra thclyd e in his grandfather's lifetime, between 1018 and 1034, ruling th e forme r Kingdom of Strathclyde as an appanage. Modern historians discou nt thi s idea.[5]
An earlier source, a variant of the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba (CK-I ) , gives Duncan's wife the Gaelic name Suthen.[6] Whatever his wife's na m e may have been, Duncan had at least two sons. The eldest, Malcolm II I (M áel Coluim mac Donnchada) was king from 1058 to 1093, the second Don ald I II (Domnall Bán, or "Donalbane") was king afterwards. Máel Muire, E arl o f Atholl is a possible third son of Duncan, although this is uncert ain.[7 ]
The early period of Duncan's reign was apparently uneventful, perhap s a c onsequence of his youth. Macbeth (Mac Bethad mac Findláich) is reco rded a s having been his dux, today rendered as "duke" and meaning nothin g mor e than the rank between prince and marquess, but then still havin g the Ro man meaning of "war leader". In context — "dukes of Francia" ha d half a c entury before replaced the Carolingian kings of the Franks an d in Englan d the over-mighty Godwin of Wessex was called a dux — this su ggests tha t Macbeth may have been the power behind the throne.[8]
In 1039, Duncan led a large Scots army south to besiege Durham, but th e e xpedition ended in disaster. Duncan survived, but the following yea r he l ed an army north into Moray, Macbeth's domain, apparently on a pun itive e xpedition against Moray.[9] There he was killed in action, at Bot hganowan , now Pitgaveny, near Elgin, by the men of Moray led by Macbeth , probabl y on 14 August 1040.[10] He is thought to have been buried at E lgin[11] b efore later relocated to the Isle of Iona. | mac Crinain, Donnchad Duncan I King of Scotland (I13462)
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| 2121 |
Reign: 1058-1093
Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol.2
Malcolm III (Gaelic: Máel Coluim; c. 26 March 1031-13 November 1093) w a s King of Scots from 1058 to 1093. He was later nicknamed "Canmore" ("c ea nn mòr", Gaelic for "Great Chief": "ceann" denotes "leader", "head" (o f s tate) and "mòr" denotes "pre-eminent", "great", and "big"). Malcolm' s lon g reign of 35 years preceded the beginning of the Scoto-Norman age.
Malcolm's kingdom did not extend over the full territory of modern Scotl a nd: the north and west of Scotland remained under Scandinavian, Norse-G ae l, and Gaelic rule, and the territories under the rule of the Kings o f Sc ots did not extend much beyond the limits established by Malcolm I I unti l the 12th century. Malcolm III fought a series of wars against th e Kingd om of England, which may have had as its objective the conquest o f the En glish earldom of Northumbria. These wars did not result in any s ignifican t advances southward. Malcolm's primary achievement was to cont inue a lin eage that ruled Scotland for many years, although his role a s founder o f a dynasty has more to do with the propaganda of his younges t son Davi d I and his descendants than with history.
Malcolm's second wife, St. Margaret of Scotland, is Scotland's only roy a l saint. Malcolm himself had no reputation for piety; with the notabl e ex ception of Dunfermline Abbey in Fife he is not definitely associate d wit h major religious establishments or ecclesiastical reforms.
«b»Background«/b»
Malcolm's father Duncan I became king in late 1034, on the death of Malc o lm II, Duncan's maternal grandfather and Malcolm's great-grandfather. A cc ording to John of Fordun, whose account is the original source of par t a t least of William Shakespeare's Macbeth, Malcolm's mother was a niec e o f Siward, Earl of Northumbria, but an earlier king-list gives her th e Gae lic name Suthen. Other sources claim that either a daughter or niec e woul d have been too young to fit the timeline, thus the likely relativ e woul d have been Siward's own sister Sybil, which may have translated i nto Gae lic as Suthen.
Duncan's reign was not successful and he was killed by Macbeth on 15 Aug u st 1040. Although Shakespeare's Macbeth presents Malcolm as a grown ma n a nd his father as an old one, it appears that Duncan was still young i n 10 40, and Malcolm and his brother Donalbane were children. Malcolm's f amil y did attempt to overthrow Macbeth in 1045, but Malcolm's grandfathe r Crí nán of Dunkeld was killed in the attempt.
Soon after the death of Duncan his two young sons were sent away for gre a ter safety exactly where is the subject of debate. According to one ver si on, Malcolm (then aged about nine) was sent to England, and his younge r b rother Donalbane was sent to the Isles. Based on Fordun's account, i t wa s assumed that Malcolm passed most of Macbeth's seventeen-year reig n in t he Kingdom of England at the court of Edward the Confessor. Today' s Briti sh Royal family can trace their family history back to Malcolm II I via hi s youngest daughter Mary.
According to an alternative version, Malcolm's mother took both sons in t o exile at the court of Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney, an enem y o f Macbeth's family, and perhaps Duncan's kinsman by marriage.
An English invasion in 1054, with Siward, Earl of Northumbria in comman d , had as its goal the installation of one "Máel Coluim, son of the kin g o f the Cumbrians". This Máel Coluim has traditionally been identifie d wit h the later Malcolm III. This interpretation derives from the Chron icle a ttributed to the 14th-century chronicler of Scotland, John of Ford un, a s well as from earlier sources such as William of Malmesbury. The l atte r reported that Macbeth was killed in the battle by Siward, but it i s kno wn that Macbeth outlived Siward by two years. A. A. M. Duncan argue d in 2 002 that, using the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle entry as their source, l ater wr iters innocently misidentified "Máel Coluim" with the later Scott ish kin g of the same name. Duncan's argument has been supported by sever al subse quent historians specialising in the era, such as Richard Oram , Dauvit Br oun and Alex Woolf. It has also been suggested that Máel Colu im may hav e been a son of Owain Foel, British king of Strathclyde perhap s by a daug hter of Malcolm II, King of Scotland.
In 1057 various chroniclers report the death of Macbeth at Malcolm's han d , on 15 August 1057 at Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire. Macbeth was succeed e d by his stepson Lulach, who was crowned at Scone, probably on 8 Septem be r 1057. Lulach was killed by Malcolm, "by treachery", near Huntly on 2 3 A pril 1058. After this, Malcolm became king, perhaps being inaugurate d o n 25 April 1058, although only John of Fordun reports this.
«b»Malcolm and Ingibiorg«/b»
If Orderic Vitalis is to be relied upon, one of Malcolm's earliest actio n s as king may have been to travel south to the court of Edward the Conf es sor in 1059 to arrange a marriage with Edward's kinswoman Margaret, wh o h ad arrived in England two years before from Hungary. If he did visi t th e English court, he was the first reigning king of Scots to do so i n mor e than eighty years. If a marriage agreement was made in 1059, it w as no t kept, and this may explain the Scots invasion of Northumbria in 1 061 wh en Lindisfarne was plundered. Equally, Malcolm's raids in Northumb ria ma y have been related to the disputed "Kingdom of the Cumbrians", re establi shed by Earl Siward in 1054, which was under Malcolm's control b y 1070.
The Orkneyinga saga reports that Malcolm married the widow of Thorfinn S i gurdsson, Ingibiorg, a daughter of Finn Arnesson. Although Ingibiorg i s g enerally assumed to have died shortly before 1070, it is possible tha t sh e died much earlier, around 1058. The Orkneyinga Saga records that M alcol m and Ingibiorg had a son, Duncan II (Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim), wh o wa s later king. Some Medieval commentators, following William of Malme sbury , claimed that Duncan was illegitimate, but this claim is propagand a refl ecting the need of Malcolm's descendants by Margaret to undermin e the cla ims of Duncan's descendants, the Meic Uilleim. Malcolm's son Do mnall, who se death is reported in 1085, is not mentioned by the author o f the Orkne yinga Saga. He is assumed to have been born to Ingibiorg.
Malcolm's marriage to Ingibiorg secured him peace in the north and wes t . The Heimskringla tells that her father Finn had been an adviser to Ha ra ld Hardraade and, after falling out with Harald, was then made an Ear l b y Sweyn Estridsson, King of Denmark, which may have been another reco mmen dation for the match. Malcolm enjoyed a peaceful relationship with t he Ea rldom of Orkney, ruled jointly by his stepsons, Paul and Erlend Tho rfinns son. The Orkneyinga Saga reports strife with Norway but this is pr obabl y misplaced as it associates this with Magnus Barefoot, who becam e king o f Norway only in 1093, the year of Malcolm's death.
«b»Malcolm and Margaret«/b»
Although he had given sanctuary to Tostig Godwinson when the Northumbria n s drove him out, Malcolm was not directly involved in the ill-fated inv as ion of England by Harald Hardraade and Tostig in 1066, which ended i n def eat and death at the battle of Stamford Bridge. In 1068, he grante d asylu m to a group of English exiles fleeing from William of Normandy , among th em Agatha, widow of Edward the Confessor's nephew Edward the E xile, and h er children: Edgar Ætheling and his sisters Margaret and Cris tina. They w ere accompanied by Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria. The exile s were disapp ointed, however, if they had expected immediate assistanc e from the Scots .
In 1069 the exiles returned to England, to join a spreading revolt in t h e north. Even though Gospatric and Siward's son Waltheof submitted by t h e end of the year, the arrival of a Danish army under Sweyn Estridsso n se emed to ensure that William's position remained weak. Malcolm decide d o n war, and took his army south into Cumbria and across the Pennines , wast ing Teesdale and Cleveland then marching north, loaded with loot , to Wear mouth. There Malcolm met Edgar and his family, who were invite d to retur n with him, but did not. As Sweyn had by now been bought off w ith a larg e Danegeld, Malcolm took his army home. In reprisal, William s ent Gospatr ic to raid Scotland through Cumbria. In return, the Scots fle et raided th e Northumbrian coast where Gospatric's possessions were conc entrated. Lat e in the year, perhaps shipwrecked on their way to a Europe an exile, Edga r and his family again arrived in Scotland, this time to r emain. By the e nd of 1070, Malcolm had married Edgar's sister Margaret o f Wessex, the fu ture Saint Margaret of Scotland.
The naming of their children represented a break with the traditional Sc o ts regal names such as Malcolm, Cináed and Áed. The point of naming Mar ga ret's sons Edward after her father Edward the Exile, Edmund for her gr and father Edmund Ironside, Ethelred for her great-grandfather Ethelred t he U nready and Edgar for her great-great-grandfather Edgar and her broth er, b riefly the elected king, Edgar Ætheling was unlikely to be missed i n Engl and, where William of Normandy's grasp on power was far from secur e. Whet her the adoption of the classical Alexander for the future Alexan der I o f Scotland (either for Pope Alexander II or for Alexander the Gre at) an d the biblical David for the future David I of Scotland represente d a rec ognition that William of Normandy would not be easily removed, o r was du e to the repetition of Anglo-Saxon royal name another Edmund ha d precede d Edgar is not known. Margaret also gave Malcolm two daughters , Edith, wh o married Henry I of England, and Mary, who married Eustace I II of Boulog ne.
In 1072, with the Harrying of the North completed and his position aga i n secure, William of Normandy came north with an army and a fleet. Malc ol m met William at Abernethy and, in the words of the Anglo-Saxon Chroni cl e "became his man" and handed over his eldest son Duncan as a hostag e an d arranged peace between William and Edgar. Accepting the overlordsh ip o f the king of the English was no novelty, as previous kings had don e so w ithout result. The same was true of Malcolm; his agreement with th e Engli sh king was followed by further raids into Northumbria, which le d to furt her trouble in the earldom and the killing of Bishop William Wa lcher at G ateshead. In 1080, William sent his son Robert Curthose nort h with an arm y while his brother Odo punished the Northumbrians. Malcol m again made pe ace, and this time kept it for over a decade.
Malcolm faced little recorded internal opposition, with the exceptio n o f Lulach's son Máel Snechtai. In an unusual entry, for the Anglo-Saxo n Ch ronicle contains little on Scotland, it says that in 1078:
Malcholom [Máel Coluim] seized the mother of Mælslæhtan [Máel Snechtai ] . .. and all his treasures, and his cattle; and he himself escaped wit h dif ficulty.
Whatever provoked this strife, Máel Snechtai survived until 1085.
«b»Malcolm and William Rufus«/b»
When William Rufus became king of England after his father's death, Malc o lm did not intervene in the rebellions by supporters of Robert Curthos e w hich followed. In 1091, William Rufus confiscated Edgar Ætheling's la nd s in England, and Edgar fled north to Scotland. In May, Malcolm marche d s outh, not to raid and take slaves and plunder, but to besiege Newcast le , built by Robert Curthose in 1080. This appears to have been an attem p t to advance the frontier south from the River Tweed to the River Tees . T he threat was enough to bring the English king back from Normandy, wh er e he had been fighting Robert Curthose. In September, learning of Will ia m Rufus's approaching army, Malcolm withdrew north and the English fol low ed. Unlike in 1072, Malcolm was prepared to fight, but a peace was ar rang ed by Edgar Ætheling and Robert Curthose whereby Malcolm again ackno wledg ed the overlordship of the English king.
In 1092, the peace began to break down. Based on the idea that the Sco t s controlled much of modern Cumbria, it had been supposed that Willia m Ru fus's new castle at Carlisle and his settlement of English peasant s in th e surrounds was the cause. It is unlikely that Malcolm controlle d Cumbria , and the dispute instead concerned the estates granted to Malc olm by Wil liam Rufus's father in 1072 for his maintenance when visitin g England. Ma lcolm sent messengers to discuss the question and William R ufus agreed t o a meeting. Malcolm travelled south to Gloucester, stoppin g at Wilton Ab bey to visit his daughter Edith and sister-in-law Cristina . Malcolm arriv ed there on 24 August 1093 to find that William Rufus ref used to negotiat e, insisting that the dispute be judged by the English b arons. This Malco lm refused to accept, and returned immediately to Scotl and.
It does not appear that William Rufus intended to provoke a war, but , a s the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reports, war came:
For this reason therefore they parted with great dissatisfaction, and t h e King Malcolm returned to Scotland. And soon after he came home, he ga th ered his army, and came harrowing into England with more hostility tha n b ehoved him ....
Malcolm was accompanied by Edward, his eldest son by Margaret and probab l e heir-designate (or tánaiste), and by Edgar. Even by the standards o f th e time, the ravaging of Northumbria by the Scots was seen as harsh.
«b»Death«/b»
While marching north again, Malcolm was ambushed by Robert de Mowbray, E a rl of Northumbria, whose lands he had devastated, near Alnwick on 13 No ve mber 1093. There he was killed by Arkil Morel, steward of Bamburgh Cas tle . The conflict became known as the Battle of Alnwick. Edward was mort all y wounded in the same fight. Margaret, it is said, died soon after re ceiv ing the news of their deaths from Edgar. The Annals of Ulster say:
Mael Coluim son of Donnchad, over-king of Scotland, and Edward his son , w ere killed by the French [i.e. Normans] in Inber Alda in England. Hi s que en, Margaret, moreover, died of sorrow for him within nine days.
Malcolm's body was taken to Tynemouth Priory for burial. The king's bo d y was sent north for reburial, in the reign of his son Alexander, at Du nf ermline Abbey, or possibly Iona.
On 19 June 1250, following the canonisation of Malcolm's wife Margare t b y Pope Innocent IV, Margaret's remains were disinterred and placed i n a r eliquary. Tradition has it that as the reliquary was carried to th e hig h altar of Dunfermline Abbey, past Malcolm's grave, it became too h eavy t o move. As a result, Malcolm's remains were also disinterred, an d burie d next to Margaret beside the altar.
«b»Issue«/b»
Malcolm and Ingibiorg had three sons:
1.) Duncan II of Scotland, succeeded his father as King of Scotland
2.) Donald, died ca.1094
3.) Malcolm, died ca.1085
Malcolm and Margaret had eight children, six sons and two daughters:
1.) Edward, killed 1093
2.) Edmund of Scotland
3.) Ethelred, abbot of Dunkeld
4.) King Edgar of Scotland
5.) King Alexander I of Scotland
6.) King David I of Scotland
7.) Edith of Scotland, also called Matilda, married King Henry I of Engl a nd
8.) Mary of Scotland, married Eustace III of Boulogne
«b»Depictions in fiction«/b»
Malcolm appears in William Shakespeare's Macbeth as Malcolm. He is the s o n of King Duncan and heir to the throne. He first appears in the secon d s cene where he is talking to a sergeant, with Duncan. The sergeant tel ls t hem how the battle was won thanks to Macbeth. Then Ross comes and Du nca n decides that Macbeth should take the title of Thane of Cawdor. The n h e later appears in Act 1.4 talking about the execution of the forme r Than e of Cawdor. Macbeth then enters and they congratulate him on hi s victory . He later appears in Macbeth's castle as a guest. When his fat her is kil led he is suspected of the murder so he escapes to England. H e later make s an appearance in Act 4.3, where he talks to Macduff abou t Macbeth and w hat to do. They both decide to start a war against him. I n Act 5.4 he i s seen in Dunsinane getting ready for war. He orders the t roops to hide b ehind branches and slowly advance towards the castle. I n Act 5.8 he watch es the battle against Macbeth and Macduff with Siwar d and Ross. When even tually Macbeth is killed, Malcolm takes over as kin g.
The married life of Malcolm III and Margaret has been the subject of thr e e historical novels: A Goodly Pearl (1905) by Mary H. Debenham, and Mal co lm Canmore's Pearl (1907) by Agnes Grant Hay, and Sing, Morning Star b y J ane Oliver (1949). They focus on court life in Dunfermline, and the M arga ret helping introduce Anglo-Saxon culture in Scotland. The latter tw o nov els cover events to 1093, ending with Malcolm's death.
Canmore appears in the third and fourth episodes of the four-part seri e s "City of Stone" in Disney's Gargoyles, as an antagonist of Macbeth. A ft er witnessing his father Duncan's death, the young Canmore swears reve ng e on both Macbeth and his gargoyle ally, Demona. After reaching adulth ood , he overthrows Macbeth with English allies. Canmore is also the ance sto r of the Hunters, a family of vigilantes who hunt Demona through th e cent uries. Canmore was voiced in the series by J.D. Daniels as a boy a nd Nei l Dickson as an adult.
In The Tragedy of Macbeth Part II, Malcolm appears as the anti-hero of t h is 2009-written (by Noah Lukeman), and historically very inaccurate, su cc essor-play. Malcom, who has succeeded from MacBeth, and ruled well fo r te n years, is led by the witches down MacBeth's path to perdition kill ing h is brother Donalbain as well as MacDuff before finally being kille d by Fl eance (supposedly the ancestor of Stuart king James). | mac Donnchada, Máel Coluim Malcolm III, King of Scots (I13189)
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Reign: 1437-60; A regency led by the Douglas family ruled until 1449 , w h en James began to govern by himself. In 1460, at the head of an arm y, h e was killed during the seige of Roxburgh Castle.
James I was assassinated on 21 February 1437. The Queen, although hurt , m anaged to get to her six-year-old son, who was now king. On 25 Marc h 1437 , the six-year-old was formally crowned King of Scots at Holyroo d Abbey . The Parliament of Scotland revoked alienations of crown propert y and pr ohibited them, without the consent of the Estates, that is, unti l James I I's eighteenth birthday.[1] He lived along with his mother an d five of hi s six sisters (Margaret had left for France, where she had m arried the fu ture Louis XI of France) at Dunbar Castle until 1439.[1]
From 1437 to 1439 the King's first cousin Archibald Douglas, 5th Ear l o f Douglas, headed the government as lieutenant-general of the realm . Afte r his death, and with a general lack of high-status earls in Scotl and du e to deaths, forfeiture or youth, political power became shared un easil y among William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton, Lord Chancellor of Sco tlan d (sometimes in co-operation with the Earl of Avondale), and Sir Ale xande r Livingston of Callendar, who had possession of the young king a s the wa rden of the stronghold of Stirling Castle. Taking advantage of t hese even ts, Livingston placed Queen Joan and her new husband, Sir Joh n Stewart, u nder "house arrest" at Stirling Castle on 3 August 1439. The y were releas ed on 4 September only by making a formal agreement to pu t James in the c ustody of the Livingstons, by giving up her dowry for hi s maintenance, an d confessing that Livingston had acted through zeal fo r the king's safety .[1]
In 1440, in the King's name, an invitation is said to have been sent t o t he young 6th Earl of Douglas and his brother, eleven-year-old David , to v isit the king at Edinburgh Castle in November 1440. They came, an d were e ntertained at the royal table, from which they were treacherousl y hurrie d to their doom, which took place by beheading in the castle yar d of Edin burgh on 24 November. Three days later Malcolm Fleming of Cumbe rnauld, th eir chief adherent, shared the same fate. This infamous incide nt took th e name of "the Black Dinner".
Struggles with the Douglases[edit]
In 1449 James II reached adulthood, yet in many ways his "active kingshi p " differed little from his minority. The Douglases used his coming of a g e as a way to throw the Livingstons out of the shared government, as t h e young king took revenge for the brief arrest of his mother (a mean s t o remove her from political influence) that had taken place in 1439 . Doug las and Crichton continued to dominate political power, and the ki ng's ab ility to rule without them remained arguably limited.
But James did not acquiesce with this situation without argument, and be t ween 1451 and 1455 he struggled to free himself from the power of the D ou glases. Attempts to curb the Douglases' power took place in 1451, duri n g the absence of the Earl of Douglas from Scotland, and culminated wit h t he murder of Lord Douglas at Stirling Castle on 22 February 1452.
The main account of Douglas's murder comes from the Auchinleck Chronicl e , a near contemporary but fragmentary source. According to its account , t he king accused the Earl (probably with justification) of forging lin ks w ith John Macdonald, 11th Earl of Ross (also Lord of the Isles), an d Alexa nder Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford. This bond, if it existed, cre ated a d angerous axis of power of independently-minded men, forming a ma jor riva l to royal authority. When Douglas refused to break the bond wit h Ross, J ames broke into a fit of temper and stabbed Douglas 26 times an d threw hi s body out of a window. His court officials (many of whom woul d rise to g reat influence in later years, often in former Douglas lands ) then joine d in the bloodbath, one allegedly striking out the Earl's br ain with an a xe.
This murder did not end the power of the Douglases, but rather creat e d a state of intermittent civil war between 1452 and 1455. The main eng ag ements were at Brodick, on the Isle of Arran; Inverkip in Renfrew; an d th e Battle of Arkinholm. James attempted to seize Douglas lands, but h is op ponents repeatedly forced him into humiliating climbdowns, whereb y he ret urned the lands to James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas, and a bri ef and un easy peace ensued.
Military campaigns ended indecisively, and some have argued that James s t ood in serious danger of being overthrown, or of having to flee the cou nt ry. But James's patronage of lands, titles and office to allies of th e Do uglases saw their erstwhile allies begin to change sides, most impor tantl y the Earl of Crawford after the Battle of Brechin, and in May 145 5 Jame s struck a decisive blow against the Douglases, and they were fina lly def eated at the Battle of Arkinholm.
In the months that followed, the Parliament of Scotland declared the ext e nsive Douglas lands forfeit and permanently annexed them to the crown , al ong with many other lands, finances and castles. The Earl fled int o a lon g English exile. James finally had the freedom to govern as he wi shed, an d one can argue that his successors as Kings of Scots never face d suc h a powerful challenge to their authority again. Along with the for feitur e of the Albany Stewarts in reign of James I, the destruction of t he Blac k Douglases saw royal power in Scotland take a major step forward .[2]
Energetic rule[edit]
Between 1455 and 1460 James II proved to be an active and interventioni s t king. Ambitious plans to take Orkney, Shetland and the Isle of Man no ne theless did not succeed. The king travelled the country and has been a rgu ed to have originated the practice of raising money by giving remissi on s for serious crimes. It has also been argued that some of the unpopul a r policies of James III originated in the late 1450s.[3]
In 1458 an Act of Parliament commanded the king to modify his behaviou r , but one cannot say how his reign would have developed had he lived lo ng er.[4]
James II is the first Scots monarch for whom a contemporary likeness h a s survived, in the form of a woodcut showing his birthmark on the face.
Marriage[edit]
In 1449, Mary of Guelders was recommended by Philip the Good as a suitab l e bride for James. The negotiations began in July 1447, when a Burgundi a n envoy came to Scotland, and were concluded by an embassy under Cricht o n the chancellor in September 1448. Philip settled sixty thousand crow n s on his kinswoman, and her dower of ten thousand was secured on land s i n Strathearn, Athole, Methven, and Linlithgow. A tournament took plac e be fore James at Stirling, on 25 February 1449, between James, master o f Dou glas, another James, brother to the Laird of Lochleven, and two kni ghts o f Burgundy, one of whom, Jacques de Lalain, was the most celebrate d knigh t-errant of the time. The marriage was celebrated at Holyrood o n 3 July 1 449. A French chronicler, Mathieu d'Escouchy, gives a graphi c account o f the ceremony and the feasts which followed. Many Flemings i n Mary's sui te remained in Scotland, and the relations between Scotlan d and Flanders , already friendly under James I, consequently became clos er.[1]
In Scotland the king's marriage led to his emancipation from tutelage, a n d to the downfall of the Livingstones. In the autumn Sir Alexander an d ot her members of the family were arrested. At a parliament in Edinburg h o n 19 January 1450, Alexander Livingstone, a son of Sir Alexander, an d Rob ert Livingstone of Linlithgow were tried and executed on the Castl e Hill . Sir Alexander and his kinsmen were confined in different and dis tant ca stles. A single member of the family escaped the general proscrip tion—Jam es, the eldest son of Sir Alexander, who, after arrest and escap e to th e highlands, was restored in 1454 to the office of chamberlain t o which h e had been appointed in the summer of 1449.[1]
Death[edit]
James II enthusiastically promoted modern artillery, which he used wit h s ome success against the Black Douglases. His ambitions to increase Sc otla nd's standing saw him besiege Roxburgh Castle in 1460, one of the la st Sc ottish castles still held by the English after the Wars of Independ ence.
For this siege, James took a large number of cannons imported from Fland e rs. On 3 August, he was attempting to fire one of these cannons, know n a s "the Lion", when it exploded and killed him. Robert Lindsay of Pits cott ie stated in his history of James's reign that "as the King stood ne a r a piece of artillery, his thigh bone was dug in two with a piece of m is framed gun that brake in shooting, by which he was stricken to the gro un d and died hastily." [5]
The Scots carried on with the siege, led by George Douglas, 4th Earl o f A ngus, and the castle fell a few days later. James's son became king a s Ja mes III and his widow Mary of Guelders acted as regent until her ow n deat h three years later. | Stewart, James II King of Scots (I9855)
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Reign: 802-839. The king of Mercia drove him into exile in 789. Live d i n Gaul for three years, where he saw the expansion of Charlemagne's e mpir e. After gaining the West Saxon throne, Egbert destroyed the suprema cy o f Mercia in England. By conquering Cornwall, Kent, Surrey,and Sussex , h e permanently enlarged Wessex and made his kingdom supreme. The Merci an , East Anglians, and Northumbrians recognized his overlordship. His re ig n forshadowed the later growth of a united kingdom of England.
Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert Fr e derick Pfafman, p E-34. King of Wesex 802 - 827. King of England 827 -8 39 . | Wessex, Ecgbriht King of Wessex (I13597)
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Research in St. Ninians, Stirling, Scotland: Stirlingshire, par rec F S c o t 6 pt 185 (14505), Dyle Duncan White | Duncan, James (I6466)
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Resided in Wilts, Married, One son
John, m. and lived in Newton, County Wilts.
Colonial families of the United States of America: Volume 1
ISSUE, B. IN NEWBURY | Noyes, John (I1045)
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Rev. James Noyes was born in 1608. He entered Oxford (Brasenose Colleg e ) in 1627 but did not complete a degree: he was invited by his cousin a n d former teacher, Rev. Thomas Parker, to teach with him at the Free Sch oo l in Newbury, England [a town in Berkshire on the river Kennet, abou t 5 6 miles west from London], which they did together before coming to N ew E ngland. (James Noyes was reported to be especially masterful in Gree k an d later wrote several learned treatises concerning religious subject s. )
He married (in 1633) Sarah Brown of Southampton, England. James Noyes, w i th his wife Sarah, his younger brother Nicholas, and his cousin Thoma s Pa rker left for Massachusetts on March, 1633 .
He preached in the Boston area at Medford, MA (then, Mystic, MA), was ma d e freeman on 3 Sept., 1634, and was (with Nicholas and Thomas Parker) a mo ng the first settlers of Newbury, MA. The settlement in Newbury, whic h pr ovided free land, continued a policy by the Governors of Massachuset ts t o extend the northern frontiers rapidly, in part because of apprehen sio n concerning potential French expansion into unsettled territory .
The settlement was named for their earlier place of residence in Englan d , and the Parker River was named in honor of Rev. Parker. Rev. Thomas P ar ker and Rev. James Noyes, and other early settlers, formed the First P ari sh Church of Newbury, with Rev. Parker the senior pastor and Rev. Noy es h is assistant ("Teacher") shortly after their arrival .
The current Church building, built in the mid-19th century, stands on t h e left of Route 1A, traveling north from Boston, just past the Upper Gr ee n, and about 3 miles beyond the bridge across the Parker River and th e Lo wer Green. The first settlers were enthusiastic about the New Worl d and s ent word back to England; eventually more than 100 friends and ne ighbor s from their region of England came to the Newbury area. The settl ement g rew rapidly and, after about ten years, the Upper Green was clear ed to be come the center of Newbury.
Reverend James Noyes built a house for his family nearby, at 5 Parker St . , which still stands; it was the home, also, of Rev. Thomas Parker wh o ne ver married. Of early historical interest is the role that Rev. Jame s Noy es of Stonington CT, the native-born second son of the first Rev. J ames N oyes, played in the founding of Yale College. He was one of the se ven fou nding ministers (and the name Noyes is inscribed, today, on Woodb ridge Ha ll, the Administration Building, above and to the right of the f ront door .) This Rev. Noyes also was the first Senior Fellow (Chair) o f the Boar d of Trustees, and his younger brother Moses also served a s a member of t he Trustees.
Rev. James Noyes and his wife had eight children :
Joseph (1637), (Rev.)
James (1640), Sarah (1641),
Moses (1643),
John (1645),
Thomas (1648),
Rebecca (1651),
William (1653), and
Sarah (1656). (Also of early historical interest is that the youngest da u ghter, Sarah, married John Hale; among their descendants was Nathan Hal e , the "hero spy.")
Rev. James Noyes died on 22 October 1656; he is buried in the First Buri a l Ground of the Church he helped to establish .
Two brothers, Rev. James Noyes and Nicholas Noyes, came to Massachuset t s aboard the ship Mary and John in March 1633, and were part of the fir s t group of about forty settlers of Newbury, MA in 1635. Their father w a s Rev. William Noyes, rector of Cholderton (county Wilts), England [abo u t 11 miles from Salisbury], a graduate of University College, Oxford i n 1 592.
Their mother was Anne Parker (sister of the scholar, Robert Parker); the i r cousin Rev. Thomas Parker accompanied them. James and Nicholas had t w o older brothers, Ephraim (1596 - 1659); and Nathan (1597 - 1651) who s uc ceeded their father as rector of Cholderton. A younger sister and brot he r remained in England.
REFERENCES: The basic reference for the Noyes family genealogy is the re m arkable work by Col. Henry E. Noyes and Miss Harriette E. Noyes in tw o vo lumes, Geneological Record of Some of the Noyes Descendants of James , Nic holas, and Peter Noyes, published in Boston, MA in 1904. [Volum e 1 cover s descendants of Nicholas Noyes; vol. 2 the descendants of Rev . James Noy es and of Peter Noyes, who arrived later.] A copy is availabl e in the sec ond floor geneological library of the Historical Society o f Old Newbury , located on 98 High St. (Route 1A) in Newburyport. | Noyes, Reverend James (I1056)
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Revolutionary War Service
Private under General Stark at Bennington, Vt., Corporal at Ticonderog a . See Randall's History of Chesterfield, N. H. p. 295. | Farr, Daniel (I170287)
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Revolutionary War soldier. Private - MA Minuteman under Captain Timoth y U nderwood and Colonial William Prescott. | Hildreth, John (I18114)
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Rhode Island Vampire (Sarah Tillinghast)
The Vampire Case of Sarah Tillinghast
An old and easily overlooked cemetery lies tucked away in a neighborho o d in Exeter, Rhode Island. It’s small, measuring 50 square feet, and co nt ains just 25 burials. Beneath one of the unmarked stones lies the bod y o f Sarah Tillinghast – a young woman who, in death, was believed to b e a v ampire.
As the story goes, in 1776, there was a prosperous Exeter farmer by th e n ame of Stukeley. One night, this father of fourteen has a disturbin g drea m in which half of the trees in his orchard die. The prophetic nat ure o f the dream starts to become clear when his eldest daughter, Sarah , quick ly becomes ill and passes away from consumption (now known as tub erculosi s). After the burial, the health of another daughter begins to d eteriorat e in the same way. However, things take a strange turn when thi s girl cla ims that the departed Sarah is visiting her every night. Durin g these enc ounters, Sarah causes her extreme pain by sitting on some par t of her bod y. After his second daughter dies, four more of Stukeley’s c hildren the n pass away. Desperation sets in when Stukeley’s wife and ano ther son bot h start experiencing Sarah’s visitations. At this point, peo ple become su spicious of the dead. Neighbors assist in exhuming the si x deceased famil y members in order to examine the bodies for telltale si gns. The remain s all appear to be in normal states of decay except for S arah’s. Althoug h she was the first to die, her body is preserved unlik e the others. Th e neighbors observe that the eyes are open, the hair an d fingernails appe ar to have grown, and fresh blood is found within th e heart. This prove s to them that Sarah was the cause of the other death s. To end this threa t, they then cut out the heart and burn it on a rock . Afterwards, the cor pses are all reinterred. Although Stukeley’s wife r ecovers, his son is to o ill and thus becomes the seventh and final victi m. My summary here come s from an article published in 1888. You can rea d the entire thing, whic h includes some additional details regarding th e family members, via th e Sources link at the end of this post. Interest ingly, if we only had thi s story, we wouldn’t know where Sarah was burie d or even what her last na me was. We can thank folklorist Dr. Michael E . Bell for finding the Tilli nghast surname along with the location of th e family graveyard. He also i dentified the names of the children as wel l as their mother, Honor Tillin ghast. Beyond that, Dr. Bell uncovered so me inconsistencies between the a rticle and the historical record. For ex ample, Sarah died in 1799 (not 17 76), she was not the eldest daughter, a nd it appears that four of the chi ldren died that year (as opposed to se ven). Given the sensational natur e of the event and the time that had el apsed, I suppose it’s not too surp rising that the story had transforme d a bit by 1888. I found the cemeter y extremely easy to miss. When goin g north on Forest Hills Drive, it’s o n the right side of the street, bef ore reaching Ridge Drive. It’s situate d up a small incline, behind som e trees. There’s a stone wall around it a nd a sign saying, “Rhode Islan d Historical Cemetery Exeter 14.” There’ s a gap in the curbing of the ro ad by the cemetery, so that ended up bein g a helpful cue. Upon enterin g the cemetery, I found that many of the gra vestones have no visible ins criptions. Sarah’s marker is likely one of th ese, so we can’t pinpoint h er exact grave. However, the headstone for Sar ah’s mother, Honor, was ea sily identifiable. It’s right at the front of t he cemetery, by the wall . I also noticed the stone for Sarah’s brother, S tutely Tillinghast. Upo n entering the cemetery, I found that many of th e gravestones have no vi sible inscriptions. Sarah’s marker is likely on e of these, so we can’t p inpoint her exact grave. However, the headston e for Sarah’s mother, Hono r, was easily identifiable. It’s right at the f ront of the cemetery, b y the wall. I also noticed the stone for Sarah’s b rother, Stutely Tillin ghast.
Dillon
Reply
We recently visited Sarah Tillinghast, and I believe one of the headston e s to be hers! It has the initials ‘S.T.’ on it (on the side leaning tow ar ds the ground, towards the road) so it is very easy to miss if you are n’ t looking thoroughly. Many of the other inscriptions were facing in th e o ther direction which is why we first assumed the headstone to be blan k. I t’s a bit awkward to bend yourself in order to see the ‘S.T.’. I don ’t kn ow about the rest of the family or if there are any other S.T’s asi de fro m Sarah and Stutely, but I hope that helps! - https://locationsofl ore.com /2018/07/26/the-vampire-case-of-sarah-tillinghast/ | Tillinghast, Sarah (I175977)
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RICHARD ALFRED TALBOT
(Uncle “Dick”)
Richard Alfred Talbot was born 22 Apr 1849, at Battle Gat, Cradock Distr i ct, South Africa, probably on a farm owned by his parents, Henry and Ru t h Sweetnam Talbot. The family later lived in Whittlesea, then, after t h e father, Henry, was granted, “Wellington”, a huge estate on 28 Oct 185 3 , for his services in the Kaffir Wars, on Thorn River, Queenstown Distr ic t.
After their conversion to “Mormonism”, the family sold “Wellington”, abo u t 1859. They moved to Port Elizabeth, on Algoa Bay, awaiting transport at ion to America to join the Saints in Zion. They were there close t o a yea r. And being about 10 years old “Dick”, (as he was nick named) p robabl y got his first schooling there.
They embarked, 28 Feb 1861, on the frigate, “Racehorse” and after a stor m y voyage, arrived in East Boston Harbor 20 Apr 1861. They traveled b y ca ttle train, via Chicago, to the Missouri River, and by ship up to Fl orenc e, Nebraska, and then the rest of the way in the ox team company o f Home r Duncan to Salt Lake City, Utah, arriving 28 Sep 1861.
They remained there that winter, and early the next spring moved t o a 4 0 acre farm that they bought at Kaysville, Utah. There, while grow ing up , Dick probably attended the little one room red brick school at “ Five Po ints”. He once took part in a Church round up of wild horses o n Antelop e Island.
He was baptized 19 Oct 1861, at Salt Lake City, and at some unknown da t e ordained an elder. Then he was endowed 10 Mar 1865 in the Endowmen t Ho use in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Uncle Dick, had been gone from home for seven years. He seemed to hav e l eft following a disagreement with his father. Any way they had not h ear d anything from him. Then, finally, he came home in the night. Hi s moth er gave him a place to sleep. Henry was up with Agnes. The nex t mornin g when Henry came down, Ruth, to soften the shock, told him tha t she ha d a letter from Dick. Henry in his great excitement, said, “Whe re’s my s pecs?” So then she went into the other room and brought out Ric hard inste ad. Henry is said to have fainted.
He left home at an early age and took up freighting, acting as wagon bo s s seven years, for Bears and LeFevre. working between Salt Lake City , Ut ah, and Butte, Montana. Finally he left the company and bought a fre igh t outfit of his own. Blackfoot, Idaho, became his head quarters. Her e h e acquired 40 acres, and began raising cattle, but in a hard winter h e lo st all 50 head of his cattle to black leg. Finally he sold out an d move d to Butte, Montana, where he helped build the town, being a teams ter, pr ospector, and miner. He hauled ore for Bothwick and Johnson fro m the Hil l to the Smelters, also did general hauling in Butte, includin g brick fo r some of the old landmarks, such as the Ousby Block, corner o f Park an d Main, and the Flat Iron Building, conjunction of Arizona an d Utah Avenu es. He also worked as a miner at the Diamond and Black Roc k mines. In th e ‘90’s he left Butte for Camp Creek, near Malrows, Monta na, where he an d a partner prospected unsuccessfully, then moved on to W isconson Creek , near Sheridan, Montana. Subsequently he worked at vario us mines as a l aborer, including the old Camp of Rochester, near Twin Br idges, and whil e there on 2 Dec 1902, Whitehall, Montana married Pearl L ucy Knowlton. H e had met her on Wisconsin Creek, earlier, when she wa s working at Twin B ridges in the General Store of George White. There a fter he worked a s a miner, general laborer, and whenever possible, a s a prospector on hi s own, and also grub staked other prospectors in th e hope of striking i t rich. Finally he moved to a small place on Wiscon sin Creek, eventuall y became a watchman for the L. Z. Leiter establishme nt, at Leiter Ville , N. E. of Sheridan, and worked 8 years at the minin g camps. During thi s time, he also had a small vein of ore, which provi ded him with a livin g during times of no employment.
Dick and Pearl Lucy were the parents of four children, 3 boys and l gir l . The children grew up at Sheritan, Montana, and still live in, or nea r , the Ruby Valley.
Having developed asthma, he went to Oregon for his health in 1927, but , c ontinuing to grow worse, he returned to his home in Sheridan, Montana , i n the spring of 1929. He died there at 3:00 a.m., 30 Nov 1929 He wa s bu ried 1 Dec 1929, at the Sheridan Cemetery.
Since his death, my Grandmother, Susannah Janet (Nettie) Heward Allen Ba t es, corresponded with his son, George Talbot. Quotes from a letter t o Ne ttie: He told her that his father started freighting at a very youn g age . I think there was something in his past life he didn’t want to c ome t o light and if there was I hope it went to rest with him for he wa s a ver y good man and a wonderful father. He told his children and wif e that h e was born 22 Apr 1855, six years younger than he actually was , and tha t he was born in Iowa, as his folks came across the plains to S alt Lake C ity, Utah.
Still quoting from the letter to Nettie: He also talked about a broth e r whose wife’s name was Deck, of Jerry Wiggill, and he mentioned too o f b eing a descendant of the Earl of Shrewsbury, or rather his father was , th at his Mother’s maiden name was Ruth Sweetnam .
Henry Talbot, his brother, once made a special trip up to Montana to vis i t his brother Dick. The latter was living there, a self exile, believi n g the rest of the family had no use for him. He said, “I’m just the bl ac k sheep!” Henry immediately took issue with him on this. “It’s all i n y our mind”, he said; “If you’re a black sheep, it’s because you make t ha t of yourself!”
Until this correspondence, letter dated 7 Dec 1931, his family did not k n ow that he was born in South Africa. George was extremely glad to hea r a bout his Father’s family, from Nettie, and did not understand why h e ha d not told his children more about himself
Another quote from the letter to Nettie from George: I would like to kn o w what there is to know about my relatives and you cannot tire me wit h a s interesting a letter as you wrote to me and it is beyond any doub t tha t we are first cousins.
(Death Certificate Montana State Board of Health File Number Mad-621, Ma d ison County) | Talbot, Richard Alfred (I23207)
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Richard enlisted in the Navy and was a Hospital apprentice 1st class wh e n he was killed. Since the Marine Corps does not have medics, he and o th ers served with the Marines and took part in their operations. Accordi n g to the U.S. Rosters of World war II Dead, 1939-1945 he is buried a t F ort McKinley, Manilla, Philippine Islands. | Bentley, Richard Walser (I40584)
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Richard Walker's Death (according to Mary Walker Fairbanks)
Dick was the baby of the family. He had curly blond hair and blue eyes . h e became very sick and there were doctors from both Raymond and Lethb ridg e that came to the house to see him but were unable to determine wha t wa s wrong with him. The baby Dick had convulsions and a very high feve r. Mo m said that he was so sick and she went upstairs, knelt down and pr ayed . While she was praying she felt like she would smother if she didn' t sa y the words- "Thy will be done." Coming downstairs Mom walked down t o th e kitchen and she looked out the door towards the garden and the gat e. A s she looked out she saw two young men that were identical, walkin g on th e sidewalk towards the house. Mom knew they were Floyd and Lloyd , her ide ntical twins that had died in infancy, and that they had come t o get he r baby, Richard. When she went back upstairs, Richard was just d rawing hi s last breath. He died on September 6, 1931 at the age of two y ears. | Walker, Richard Harris (I166430)
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Riley LaVaughn McKee was the eighth child of David Daniel and Emily An n G iles McKee. He was born June 2, 1906 in Holden Utah. He was consid ere d a talented musician. Riley LaVaughn died at age thirteen of foo d pois oning on September 19, 1919, in Holden Utah. | Mckee, Riley LaVaughn (I236)
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Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968), sometimes ref e rred to by the initials RFK and occasionally Bobby, was an American pol it ician and lawyer who served as the 64th United States Attorney Genera l fr om January 1961 to September 1964, and as a U.S. Senator from New Yo rk fr om January 1965 until his assassination in June 1968. He was, lik e his br others John and Edward, a prominent member of the Democratic Par ty and ha s come to be viewed by some historians as an icon of modern Ame rican libe ralism.
Kennedy was born into a wealthy, political family in Brookline, Massachu s etts. After serving in the U.S. Naval Reserve as a seaman apprentice fr o m 1944 to 1946, Kennedy returned to his studies at Harvard University , gr aduating in 1948. He received his law degree from the University o f Virgi nia, and was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1951. He bega n his care er as a correspondent for The Boston Post and as a lawyer at t he Justic e Department, but later resigned to manage his brother John's s uccessfu l campaign for the U.S. Senate in 1952. The following year, he w orked a s an assistant counsel to the Senate committee chaired by Senato r Josep h McCarthy. He gained national attention as the chief counsel o f the Sena te Labor Rackets Committee from 1957 to 1959, where he publicl y challenge d Teamsters President Jimmy Hoffa over the corrupt practice s of the union . Kennedy resigned from the committee to conduct his broth er's campaign i n the 1960 presidential election. He was appointed Unite d States Attorne y General after the successful election and served as hi s brother's close st advisor until his 1963 assassination.
His tenure is best known for its advocacy for the civil rights movemen t , the fight against organized crime and the Mafia, and involvement in U .S . foreign policy related to Cuba. He authored his account of the Cuba n Mi ssile Crisis in a book titled Thirteen Days. After his brother's ass assin ation, he remained in office in the Johnson Administration for seve ral mo nths. He left to run for the United States Senate from New York i n 1964 a nd defeated Republican incumbent Kenneth Keating. In office, Ken nedy oppo sed racial discrimination and U.S. involvement in the Vietnam W ar. He wa s an advocate for issues related to human rights and social jus tice and f ormed working relationships with Martin Luther King Jr., Cesa r Chavez, an d Walter Reuther.
In 1968, Kennedy became a leading candidate for the Democratic nominati o n for the presidency by appealing to poor, African American, Hispanic , Ca tholic, and young voters. His main challenger in the race was Senato r Eug ene McCarthy. Shortly after winning the California primary around m idnigh t on June 5, 1968, Kennedy was mortally wounded when shot with a p istol b y Sirhan Sirhan, a 24-year-old Palestinian, allegedly in retaliat ion fo r his support of Israel following the 1967 Six-Day War. Kennedy di ed th e following morning.
Robert Francis Kennedy was born outside Boston in Brookline, Massachuset t s, on November 20, 1925. He was the seventh of nine children to busines sm an/politician Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and philanthropist/socialite Ros e Fit zgerald Kennedy. His parents were members of two prominent Irish-Am erica n families in Boston. His eight siblings were Joseph Jr., John, Ros emary , Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Jean, and Ted. All four of his grandp arent s were children of Irish immigrants.
His father was a wealthy businessman and a leading figure in the Democra t ic Party. After he stepped down as ambassador to the United Kingdom i n 19 40, Joe Sr. focused his attention on his oldest son, Joseph Jr., exp ectin g that he would enter politics and be elected president. He also ur ged th e younger children to examine and discuss current events in orde r to prop el them to public service. After Joseph Jr. was killed during W orld War I I, the senior Kennedy's hopes fell on his second son, John, t o become pre sident. Joseph Sr. had the money and connections to play a c entral role i n the family's political ambitions.
Kennedy's older brother John was often bedridden by illness and, as a re s ult, became a voracious reader. Although he made little effort to ge t t o know his younger brother during his childhood, John took him on wal ks a nd regaled him with the stories of heroes and adventures he had read . On e of their favorite authors was John Buchan, who wrote The Thirty-Ni ne St eps, which influenced both Robert and John. John sometimes called R ober t "Black Robert" due to his prudishness and disposition.
Unlike his older brothers, Kennedy took to heart their mother Rose's age n da for everything to have "a purpose," which included visiting histori c s ites during family outings, visits to the church during morning walks , an d games used to expand vocabulary and math skills. He described hi s posit ion in the family hierarchy by saying, "When you come from that f ar down , you have to struggle to survive." As the boys were growing up , he trie d frequently to get his older brothers' attention, but was seld om success ful.
As his father's business success expanded, the family kept homes aroun d B oston and New York City; the Cape Cod peninsula; and Palm Beach. Kenn ed y later said that during childhood he was "going to different schools , al ways having to make new friends, and that I was very awkward... [a]n d I w as pretty quiet most of the time. And I didn't mind being alone." H e ha d to repeat third grade. A teacher at Bronxville public school refle cte d that he was "a regular boy", adding, "It seemed hard for him to fin is h his work sometimes. But he was only ten after all." He developed a n int erest in American history, decorating his bedroom with pictures o f U.S. p residents and filling his bookshelves with volumes on the Americ an Civi l War. He became an avid stamp collector and once received a hand writte n letter from Franklin Roosevelt, also a philatelist.
In March 1938, Kennedy sailed to London with his mother and four younge s t siblings to join his father, who had begun serving as Ambassador to t h e United Kingdom. He attended the private Gibbs School for Boys for sev en th grade. In April 1939, he gave his first public speech at the placin g o f a cornerstone for a youth club in England. According to embassy an d new spaper reports, his statements were penciled in his own hand and de livere d in a "calm and confident" manner. Bobby returned to the United S tates j ust before the outbreak of World War II in Europe.
In Kennedy's younger years, his father dubbed him the "runt" of the fami l y and wrote him off. Close family friend Lem Billings once remarked t o Jo e Sr. that he was "the most generous little boy", and Joe Sr. replie d tha t he did not know where his son "got that". Billings commented tha t the o nly similarity between Robert and Joe Sr. was their eye color. A s Kenned y grew, his father worried that he was soft on others, conflicti ng with h is ideology. In response, Kennedy developed a tough persona tha t masked h is gentle personality, attempting to appease his father. Biogr apher Judi e Mills wrote that Joe Sr.'s lack of interest in Robert was ev ident by th e length of time it took for him to decide to transfer him t o Milton Acad emy. Both Joe Jr. and John attended the exclusive Protestan t prep schoo l Choate from their first year, while Robert was already a j unior by th e time he was enrolled at Milton. Despite his father's disdai n, Kennedy c ontinued to seek his approval, requesting that Joe Sr. writ e him a lette r about his opinions on different political events and Worl d War II.
As a child, Kennedy also strove to meet his mother's expectations to bec o me the most dutiful, religious, affectionate, and obedient of the Kenne d y children, but the father and son grew distant. Rose found his gentl e pe rsonality endearing, though this was noted as having made him "invis ibl e to his father". She influenced him heavily and, like her, he becam e a d evout Catholic, throughout his lifetime practicing his religion mor e seri ously than the other boys in the family. He impressed his parent s as a ch ild by taking on a newspaper route, seeking their approval an d wishing t o distinguish himself. However, he had the family chauffeur d riving him m aking deliveries.
Joe Sr. was satisfied with Kennedy as an adult, believing him to have be c ome "hard as nails" like he
US Senator, Presidential Cabinet Secretary. He was the third son of Jose p h Kennedy, Sr. and the brother of both US President John F. Kennedy an d S enator Edward Kennedy. Known as 'Bobby,' he started his career as a n atto rney in the Criminal Division of the Department of Justice in 1951 . Whil e there he served in several legal capacities, culminating as th e chief c ounsel of Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities in th e Labor o r Management Field from 1957 to 1960. It was here that he mad e a nationa l name for himself as he waged war on racketeering in the lab or movement , and had several public confrontations with Teamsters Leade r Jimmy Hoffa . He left that position to serve as Campaign Manager for th e Presidentia l election of his brother in 1960. Upon John Kennedy’s elec tion (and afte r much personal and family debating) Bobby, only 36, accep ted the positio n of Attorney General in his brother's administration, ma king him the you ngest person ever to hold that office. He stayed on as A ttorney General a fter the assassination of John Kennedy until Septembe r 3rd, 1964 when h e finally resigned. Later that year he moved his famil y to New York. He r an a successful campaign and was elected as a Democra tic Senator from Ne w York to the United States Senate, taking office i n early 1965. In 196 8 he was a late entry into the Presidential campaign . However, he was gai ning momentum and on June 4th, 1968, he won the Cal ifornia Primary and se emed posed to win the Democratic Presidential nomi nation. While at a vict ory party that evening at the Ambassador Hotel i n Los Angeles, he was sho t by assassin Sirhan Sirhan, and later died a t Good Samaritan Hospital i n Los Angeles, California. Bio by John Sheets | Kennedy, Robert Francis (I168344)
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Robert Moss Lewis, was born in Lewiston, Utah on March 16, 1909. His par e nts were 18-year-old Robert Moss Lewis (the first in what would becom e se veral generations with that name) and 16-year-old Effie Dean Woolley . Tw o months after my father’s birth, his father died of a ruptured appe ndix . Years later, grandmother would remarry, but my father would remai n he r only child.
As dad’s mother was just a child herself, she invested little of her ti m e and energies in being his mother. Therefore, dad was passed from on e re lative to another as he was growing up with little in the way of a s tabl e permanent home. My impression from the stories I’ve been told by m y mot her (dad never spoke to me of this period in his life) was that h e didn’ t receive much attention or the best of care. As an example, whe n he wa s 6 years old, he fell from his grandmother’s porch breaking hi s left elb ow. It was some time until he was taken to the doctor to hav e the arm set . As a result, his arm was frozen in a straightened positio n. Ultimately , the doctors had to re-break the arm and set it at a 90° a ngle. His ar m was frozen in that position for the rest of his life. Fort unately, it w as his left arm and he still had use of one good arm. You c an imagine ho w difficult it was for him to farm with just one arm. I ca n never remembe r my father wearing a short sleeve shirt. He was always s elf-conscious o f his left arm in that there was absolutely no muscle bet ween the shoulde r and the elbow, just a bone covered with skin.
Dad was uncomfortable with gifts and holidays because he never receive d g ifts as a child. He told mother that he only remembered receiving on e gif t as a little boy, a toy horn one Christmas when he was 6 years old . Hi s grandmother took it away from him before the day ended because h e was m aking too much noise. Dad was never very good at buying present s or at c elebrating holidays. He left those things exclusively to my mot her. In fa ct, I can never remember my father buying a toy or present fo r anyone unt il very late in his life. In his last years, he used to bu y gifts for m y mother, which always surprised her.
When dad was a kid, he was often self-conscious about not having any mon e y at all in his pockets. His friends said that dad would mysteriousl y di sappear if they were ever going to buy a treat or a soda. He would d rop b ack behind the group and then slip away because he had no money. H e use d to walk with his head down because he was always searching for st ray co ins along the sidewalk or path.
Dad worked at odd jobs from the time he was a little boy in order to t r y to earn spending money. When I was growing up, he always made sure th a t my siblings and I had an allowance and a little bit of money with u s wh enever we left the house even though we were very poor.
Dad dropped out of high school when he was about 16 years old. He ha d a v ariety of jobs, some of which seem quite surprising and unusual i f you kn ew my dad. For example, for some brief period of time dad ra n a restauran t. (I really can’t imagine it but apparently he did.)
Dad developed addictions as a teenager. He started smoking when he was a b out 15 and smoked 2 or 3 packs of cigarettes a day until he turned 60 . H e also started to drink in his teens and had a drinking problem for m os t of his life. Fortunately, he didn't drink every day, at least not af te r he married my mother. Instead, he would go several months (sometime s a s much as a year) without having any drink at all. Then, all of a sud den , he would disappear for 2 or 3 days binge drinking .
In spite of his failings, dad was a great father. He was unfailingly ki n d and patient with his children. I can never remember dad yelling at m e o r spanking me. And, unlike his mother, he was always there for us . I hav e come to believe that the Lord judges our performance in this li fe relat ive to what we have been given. My dad grew up without a famil y and, whil e he had his problems, he was always faithful to his family a nd there fo r us. He never attended any of my school or church activities , but I alwa ys knew that he loved me and in that, he never let me down . That is far m ore than he received from any of his family when he was g rowing up. So , I believe, he was a resounding success as a father in th e Lord’s eyes . He certainly was in my eyes.
When I was growing up, we farmed the 120 acres that dad owned, plus anot h er 120 acres that he rented. On the 240 acres of farmland, we raised a t l east 100 acres of alfalfa hay every year. We harvested 3 crops of alf alf a each year. The harvesting of the hay required firstly that it be mo wed , then bailed 3 or 4 days later after it had dried in the wind row, a nd , finally, loaded onto wagons and hauled into the hay yard where it wa s s tored for the winter.
Since we owned a dairy farm, it was imperative that we have top grade h a y for our dairy cows. This required cutting the hay at precisely the ri gh t time, getting it bailed before it got rained on or before it got to o dr y, and storing it in an area where it could be protected. All of ou r far m was flat, with the exception of one field on the northeast corne r of th e rented property. That corner of the farm was very steep and w e flood ir rigated it. Because of the steepness and the use of flood irri gation, i t was always possible that gullies would develop in that field.
One year when I was about 16 years old, I was just completing the mowi n g of our first crop of hay. It took about 3 days to mow all of the ha y wi th our John Deere tractor. Since the John Deere was the only tracto r tha t we owned that we could use for mowing and bailing, we worked it 1 6 to 1 8 hours a day while we were mowing and bailing hay. As I was goin g to th e last field to complete the mowing of our hay (the steep northea st corne r of the farm), dad told me that he had seen gofer holes in th e ditch ban k that had led to the erosion of steep gullies in the field . As a result , he asked me not to cut the 2 or 3 steepest acres of hay i n the norther n end of the field.
As I started mowing, I complied with my father’s instructions. However , a s I completed the southern end of the field I couldn’t help noticin g tha t the thickest, best hay was along the northern portion of the fiel d. Rec ognizing the danger of hitting a deep gully, yet wanting to harves t all o f the hay I could, I decided to cut that portion of the field tha t dad ha d warned me to avoid. I put my tractor in first gear so I was mo ving ver y slowly. I stood as I drove so I could try to see the ground an d avoid a ny holes. The hay was so tall, thick, and tangled that it was i mpossibl e to see the ground.
The John Deere tractor was a tricycle model, meaning that there were 2 r e ar wheels and only one front wheel. As I was slowly driving across th e st eep part of the field cutting the hay, my tractor suddenly fell forw ard a nd I heard a tremendous crack. The whole wheel assembly had falle n int o a deep hole and the forward momentum of the tractor sheared the a ssembl y from the tractor frame. I had had many accidents working with eq uipmen t but nothing could compare to the damage I had done to the tracto r.
As I stood on the tractor, I looked out over the farm and saw over 100 a c res of hay drying in the wind row. I knew the hay would start to deteri or ate in the morning if I wasn’t up early bailing it with my John Deere . Ob viously, the John Deere would be out of service for a very long time . I c ouldn’t believe what a horrible mistake I had made. Then, I saw dad ’s pic kup truck driving through a lower field toward me. It must’ve bee n obviou s from the pitch of the tractor what had happened. I got off th e tracto r and started to walk toward my father. I don’t remember ever fe eling s o sad, embarrassed, and heartsick as I did at that moment.
As dad reached the tractor, he got out of the pickup and the only thin g h e asked me was if I was okay. Physically, I was, but I had never fel t wor se. As dad surveyed the damage, he never reminded me of his instruc tion s or his warning. He knew that nothing he could say would have mad e me fe el worse than I did at that moment. I am sure he also knew tha t I would n ever again disobey him when he gave me that kind of counsel . So, all he d id was set to work to dig the tractor out of the whole, an d find a way t o load it on the truck to take it to town to be repaired.
It took us a day or 2 to find a replacement tractor to rent. By that tim e , some of the hay had dried to the point where it had diminished in val ue . The combination of the cost of renting a replacement tractor, the co s t of repairing the John Deere, and the loss in value of the hay was a t er rific expense to my father. But, he knew how terrible I felt and neve r ch astised me for my terrible mistake .
While dad was far from a perfect man, he was the most perfectly kind m a n I have ever known.
In the fall of 1969, Benson wrote to dad and told him that he intende d t o get married upon his return from his mission. He asked dad if he wo ul d get himself ready and go to the temple for Benson’s wedding, and als o t o be sealed to the family. When dad received that request from Benso n, a t the age of 60 dad stopped smoking cold turkey. I will always remem ber t he 3 or 4 weeks while dad was recovering from smoking. It seemed t o me th at his skin had turned a pale gray. It must’ve been incredibly pa inful, b ut he just stopped. And, he never smoked or drank again for th e remainin g 16 years of his life. When Benson returned from his missio n later tha t fall, dad and the whole family went with Benson to the temp le to be sea led.
Having made a commitment to come back to church, dad became an active me m ber of the church for the first time in his adult life. He was give n a ch urch calling – – – the gospel doctrine teacher (much to my mother’ s horro r). In the following years, dad served faithfully in the church t eachin g his unique version of the gospel of Jesus Christ, much of whic h had bee n conveyed to him by his “colorful” mother and his less than st ellar frie nds. Naturally, my mother was supportive; however, she was ver y nervous . Before church each Sunday, mother would take a Valium to hel p her get t hrough the Gospel doctrine class. I understand the class wa s quite a hi t because no one, especially mom, knew what dad was going t o say next.
Dad was an unfailingly kind, pleasant person. He had many quirks. One th a t I recall was his determination not to change our clocks to daylight s av ings each spring. So, for 6 months out of the year, dad operated o n a sch edule that was one hour different than the rest of humanity in th e Mounta in Time Zone. In his defense, it didn’t seem to matter to the co ws. I’v e always thought it was dad’s way of “putting it to the man”.
My father always really loved my mother. And, while there were many tim e s that my father disappointed my mother, I am confident that she love d hi m as well. Dad was seriously injured in an automobile accident in Oc tober , 1983. For the next 21 months, dad was in and out of hospitals bef ore hi s death in July 1985. During that time, my mother was his unfailin g compa nion and caregiver. It seemed to me that for the first time in hi s life d ad really needed someone to care for him, and someone was ther e to do it . It was during that period that the love between my parents d eepened, an d I believe that the Celestial bond was sealed .
I have no doubt that their marriage has been sealed and that they wil l b e sweethearts throughout the eternities. It is a remarkable thing t o cons ider what the 2 of them went through to get to that point. When th ey marr ied, Dad was ill prepared to be the kind of husband that my mothe r expect ed and deserved. She struggled with his inability to communicate , his add ictions, and the great poverty in which they lived for the firs t 33 year s of their marriage. He, on the other hand, struggled to fulfil l her expe ctations, having never experienced the love and closeness requ ired of a s uccessful marriage relationship. It is a tremendous credit t o both of the m that neither of them ever gave up, and, at the end of the ir lives, the y loved each other more than they had ever known or expecte d. | Lewis, Robert Moss Jr (I273)
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Robert Smith Jr was born in January 1625 to Robert Smith Sr (1595-1643 ) a nd Grace Watson Smith (1610-1625). He was the surviving twin to his b roth er, William whom immediately was baptized 30 January 1625, and was b urie d the same day, according John Vues, vicar, (Kirton in Holland Paris h o f Lincolnshire, England, Images 5 - 6/166, pages 184-185). William ei the r died from labor and delivery complications, or the 1625 Plague .
As a result of the Plague of 1625 in England, (P. H. Wood “Infection un p erceiv’d, in many a place”: The London plague of 1625, viewed from Plym ou th Rock. We’re History, 2020, April 15), or complications related to p reg nancy, labor, and delivery, their mother Grace Watson Smith succumbe d t o death in February of 1625, and was buried 21 February 1625, (Ibid , Imag e 6/166, page 185). This left Robert Sr. with an infant son who ne eded t o be baptized and cared for in the wake of grieving and sudden sin gle par enthood. Two months after his mother’s death, Robert Jr. was bapt ized i n Kirton in Holland parish on 30 April 1626 (Ibid, Image 6/166, pa ge 186) .
Robert Sr, then married Margaret Gibson (1602-1645) whose surname was m i swritten as Gilpin, explained in her Life Sketch, 14 November 1626, (Ki rt on in Holland Register, image 7/166, page 187). The three of them bega n t heir new life there. Robert’s
half - brother William born 30 September 1627, Kirton in Holland (Ibid , 7 /166, page 188), was named for his maternal grandfather, William Gibs on ( 1573-1623) and also possibly in remembrance of his deceased twin .
Other siblings were born in Kirton in Holland, and likely passed away d u e to the deficit harvests from 1629-1637, in England, (Hoskins, W. G. ( 19 68),
Harvest fluctuations and English economic history, 1620–1759.The Agricul t ural History Review, 16(1), 15-31. https://www.jstor.org/
stable/40273255), which exactly correlated with the births and death s o f Robert Sr’s children and his ability as a householder or farmer t o prov ide for them. Only Robert and William survived to adulthood. Birth s and d eaths of their siblings are as follows: Susan (1628-1629), Kather ine (162 9-1629), John (1631-1638), Samuel (1633-1636), Thomas (1634-1635 ), Grac e (1635-1635), and Susan, (1637-1637), see (Smith Sr, Robert, Fam ilySearc h Person Page, 7 August 2021, 4:00 PM, DST).
Robert and William were educated in Kirton in Holland at a “grammar scho o l. . . originally a free school, [which was] founded [there] in 1624 b y S ir Thomas Middlecott,”
(Staunton, H. 1869. The great schools of England: an account of the foun d ation, endowments, and discipline of the chief seminaries of learnin g i n England. Strahan and Co. Publishers), “for the benefit of childre n of t he parishes of Kirton,” and others nearby. They were taught Latin , Greek , Christian religion, English commerce and agriculture, mathemati cs” an d other topics, (Great Schools of England, Kirton in Holland pag e 4 of 4, ) that would prepare these boys to emigrate to Colonial Americ a with Joh n Whittingham in 1638 as his indentured servants for ten year s of servitu de which paid for their passage.
John Whittingham, and his family were members of the Boston Botolph Pari s h, (Boston St Botolph Parish Register, baptism September 1616, Image 35 /1 03 page 25). It was a 1 hour 25, minute walk from Kirton in Holland. ( Goo gle Maps). John Cotton and other vicars in the area were influencin g pari shioners away from the Anglican Church toward Puritan theology an d practi ces (history of massachusetts.org/reverend-john-cotton/) .
Beginning in 1630 as many as 20,000 Puritans emigrated to America from E n gland, (Religion and the Founding of the American Republic, Library o f Co ngress). The relationship of the Watsons, Smiths, Gibsons and Whitti ngham s, and the proximity of Boston Port were the critical factors, in R ober t Sr’s and Margaret’s decision to send their boys to America where t hey c ould seek freedom to worship, and security in building a home, acco rdin g to (Zora Smith Jarvis, George A Smith Family, page 1, 1962).
According to Jarvis, “Robert served his ten years with Mr. Whittingham , a nd then in 1648, when of age, he became a citizen of Ipswich, MA. Fo r a t ime he worked for the Tutle family” (Ibid). In 1655/6 Robert Jr. ma rrie d Mary French (1634-1692) in Boston, Massachussets, (U.S., New Engla nd Ma rriages Prior to 1700, image 703/1022, page 688) .
In 1661, Robert Jr and Mary "moved to Rowley Village later organized a s B oxford, Essex County, MA. Here [Robert] purchased 208 acres of land , an d . . . was known for his thrift and industry . . . He built a larg e lumb er house with an upstairs in Boxford, Massachusetts. In that woode d count ry of uncultivated land extending over mountains and prairies, th ey littl e dreamed how numerous their posterity would become or how grea t a work t hat God had chosen for members of their posterity to perform, " (Zora Smit h Jarvis, George A Smith Family, page 1, 1962 ) .
Robert and Mary had the following children: Thomas Smith Sr. (1656–1725 ) , Mary Smith (1658– 1726), Phebe Smith (1661–1740), Ephraim Smith (1663 –1 740), Samuel Smith Sr. (1666–1748), Amy Ruhanna Smith (1668–1756), Sar a h Smith (1670–1673), Nathaniel Smith (1672–1719), Jacob Smith (1674–173 8) , and Mariah Smith (1677–1738), (Smith Jr, Robert, and Smith, Mary Fre nch , FamilySearch Person Page, 7 August 2021, 4:15, PM, DST). All of th ei r children were born in Essex County, MA, in the towns of Newbury, Ips wic h, Boxford, and Topsfield—within about a two or three hour walk of ea ch o ther, (Google Maps).
Author's note:
Robert Smith Jr. (1625-1693) was the third great grandfather to Joseph S m ith Jr. (1805-1844), founder and first prophet of the Church of Jesus C hr ist of Latter-day Saints, organized 1830. Robert was a significant hin g e point of the Restoration of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Robert Jr. pa ss ed after a full and successful life, 30 August 1693, (NEW ENGLAND MARR IAG ES PRIOR TO 1700) | Smith, Robert Jr (I51052)
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Robert was born about 1518, according to a deposition given when he wa s 8 0 years old. He was probably born at Urchfont, Wiltshire, England. H e wa s the son of Nicholas Noyes and his wife, her name is not known .
Robert married, about 1566, Joan Attridge. He inherited the lease of la n d in Cholderton from his brother Thomas, who had inherited it from the i r father.
He was in court many times, he was forced to defend his right to the la n d in Cholderton from Cuthbert Reeves, who claimed to have bought the le as e from Thomas. Robert purchased from John Thorneburgh, the patron of t h e parish of Cholderton, the right to advance one of his sons to the rec to ry of Cholderton diocese when it next became vacant. Robert's son Will ia m succeeded to the rectory of Cholderton diocese in 1601. Robert die d som etime after 1599, the last time he was listed on the subsidy (tax ) roll s in Cholderton. Robert must have been buried in the churchyard a t St. Ni cholas' Church in Cholderton. | Noyes, Robert (I1117)
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Roberta Geddes Eames was born 25 April 1913 in Preston, Idaho. She lov e d the outdoors and spent her childhood on the family farm helping her f at her with his many farm chores. She graduated from Preston High Schoo l an d then attended Utah State University, graduating in June 1935 wit h a B . S. degree and a teaching major in secondary education. She worke d two y ears and then married Rufus Ridddlesbarger, Through his busines s interes ts they traveled extensively in the United States, Hawaii, an d Central Am erica.
Roberta married Layne L. Daily November 1, 1951. He had served in t h e United States Army during World War II, and after became a contracto r a nd builder. Roberta and Wayne purchased a cattle ranch in Hamilton, M onta na, and built a home there.They buil t a second home in Arizona an d often spent the winters there, avoiding Mo ntana's bitter cold. Robert a has always been very generous. She sent on e sister to the University o f Arizona for two and a half years, helped fi nance Ruby's mission in Fin land, and was always concerned her father an d mother had the things the y needed. (Sketch written by Ruby Eames Boot h 1966) | Eames, Roberta Geddes (I381)
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Roger and his wife left Bristol, England on Feb, 1630 and arrived at Sal e m, MA in May 1630 on the Lyon. | Barnard, Mary (I175945)
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Rollo or Gaange Rolf (Norman: Rou; Old Norse: Hrólfr; French: Rollon ; c . 860 - c. 930 AD) was a Viking who became the first ruler of Normand y , a region of France. He is sometimes called the first Duke of Normand y , but there is no record of Rollo holding or using any title. His son a n d grandson, William Longsword and Richard I, used the titles "count" (L at in comes or consul) and "prince" (princeps). His great-grandson Richar d I I was the first to officially use the title of Duke of Normandy. Hi s Scan dinavian name Rolf was extended to Gaange Rolf because he became t oo heav y as an adult for a horse to carry, therefore he had to walk ("ga a" in ol der Dano-Norwegian). Rollo emerged as the outstanding personalit y among t he Norsemen who had secured a permanent foothold on Frankish so il in th e valley of the lower Seine. Charles the Simple, the king of Wes t Francia , ceded them lands between the mouth of the Seine and what is n ow Rouen i n exchange for Rollo agreeing to end his brigandage, and provi de the Fran ks with protection against future Viking raids.
Rollo is first recorded as the leader of these Viking settlers in a char t er of 918, and he continued to reign over the region of Normandy unti l a t least 928. He was succeeded by his son, William Longsword in the Du ch y of Normandy that he had founded. The offspring of Rollo and his foll owe rs became known as the Normans. After the Norman conquest of Englan d an d their conquest of southern Italy and Sicily over the following tw o cent uries, their descendants came to rule Norman England (the House o f Norman dy), the Kingdom of Sicily (the Kings of Sicily) as well as th e Principal ity of Antioch from the 10th to 12th century, leaving behin d an endurin g legacy in the historical developments of Europe and the Ne ar East.
Name:
The name Rollo is generally presumed to be a latinisation of the Old Nor s e name Hrólfr - a theory that is supported by the rendition of Hrólf r a s Roluo in the Gesta Danorum. It is also sometimes suggested that Rol lo m ay be a Latinised version of another Norse name, Hrollaugr.
Rollo is generally identified with one Viking in particular - a man of h i gh social status mentioned in Icelandic sagas, which refer to him by t h e Old Norse name Göngu-Hrólfr, meaning "Hrólfr the Walker". (Göngu-Hról f r is also widely known by an Old Danish variant, Ganger-Hrolf.) The byn am e "Walker" is usually understood to suggest that Rollo was so physical l y imposing that he could not be carried by a horse and was obliged to t ra vel on foot. Norman and other French sources do not use the name Hrólf r , and the identification of Rollo with Göngu-Hrólfr is based upon simil ar ities between circumstances and actions ascribed to both figures .
The 10th-century Norman historian Dudo records that Rollo took the bapti s mal name Robert. A variant spelling, Rou, is used in the 12th-century N or man French verse chronicle Roman de Rou, which was compiled by Wace an d c ommissioned by King Henry II of England, a descendant of Rollo.
Origins and historiography:
Rollo was born in the mid 9th century; his place of birth is unknown. T h e earliest well-attested historical event associated with Rollo is hi s le adership of Vikings who besieged Paris in 885-886.
Perhaps the earliest known source to mention Rollo's early life is the F r ench chronicler Richer of Reims, who claims (in the 10th century) tha t Ro llo was the son of a Viking named Ketill Flatnose. In terms of onoma stics , Richer also names - without explicitly linking him to Rollo - a m an nam ed Ketill as being the leader of subsequent Viking raids (in 888) , agains t areas on the coast of West Francia, between the Seine and th e Loire .
Medieval sources contradict each other regarding whether Rollo's famil y w as Norwegian or Danish in origin. In part, this disparity may resul t fro m the indifferent and interchangeable usage in Europe, at the time , of te rms such as "Vikings", "Northmen", "Danes", "Norwegians" and so o n (in th e Medieval Latin texts Dani vel Nortmanni means "Danes or Northm en") .
A biography of Rollo, written by the cleric Dudo of Saint-Quentin in t h e late 10th Century, claimed that Rollo was from Denmark. One of Rollo ' s great-grandsons and a contemporary of Dudo was known as Robert the Da ne . However, Dudo's Historia Normannorum (or Libri III de moribus et act i s primorum Normanniae ducum) was commissioned by Rollo's grandson, Rich ar d I of Normandy and - while Dudo likely had access to family members a nd/ or other people with a living memory of Rollo - this fact must be wei ghe d against the text's potential biases, as an official biography. Acco rdin g to Dudo, an unnamed king of Denmark was antagonistic to Rollo's fa mily , including his father - an unnamed Danish nobleman - and Rollo's br othe r Gurim. Following the death of Rollo and Gurim's father, Gurim wa s kille d and Rollo was forced to leave Denmark. Dudo appears to have bee n the ma in source for William of Jumièges (after 1066) and Orderic Vital is (earl y 12th century), although both include additional details.
A Norwegian background for Rollo was first explicitly claimed by Goffre d o Malaterra (Geoffrey Malaterra), an 11th-century Benedictine monk an d hi storian, who wrote: "Rollo sailed boldly from Norway with his flee t to th e Christian coast." Likewise, the 12th-century English historia n Willia m of Malmesbury stated that Rollo was "born of noble lineage amo ng the No rwegians".
A chronicler named Benoît (probably Benoît de Sainte-More) wrote in th e m id-12th Century Chronique des ducs de Normandie that Rollo had been b or n in a town named "Fasge". This has since been variously interpreted a s r eferring to Faxe, in Sjælland (Denmark), Fauske, in Hålogaland (Norwa y) , or perhaps a more obscure settlement that has since been abandoned o r r enamed. Benoît also repeated the claim that Rollo had been persecute d b y a local ruler and had fled from there to "Scanza island", by whic h Beno ît probably means Scania (Swedish Skåne). While Faxe was physicall y muc h closer to Scania, the mountainous scenery of "Fasge", described b y Beno ît, would seem to be more like Fauske .
The claim that Rollo was the brother of a King of Norway, Harald Fineha i r was made by an anonymous 12th-century Welsh author, in The Life of Gr uf fudd ap Cynan.
Rollo was first explicitly identified with Hrólf the Walker (Norse Göngu - Hrólfr; Danish Ganger-Hrólf) by the 13th-century Icelandic sagas, Heims kr ingla and Orkneyinga Saga. Hrólf the Walker was so named because he "w a s so big that no horse could carry him". The Icelandic sources claim th a t Hrólfr was born in Møre, western Norway, in the late 9th century an d th at his parents were the Norwegian jarl Rognvald Eysteinsson ("Rognva ld th e Wise") and a noblewoman from Møre named Hildr Hrólfsdóttir. Howev er, th ese claims were made three centuries after the history commissione d by Ro llo's own grandson.
There may be circumstantial evidence for kinship between Rollo and his h i storical contemporary, Ketill Flatnose, King of the Isles - a Norse rea l m centred on the Western Isles of Scotland. If, as Richer suggested, Ro ll o's father was also named Ketill and as Dudo suggested, Rollo had a br oth er named Gurim, such names are onomastic evidence for a family connec tion : Icelandic sources name Ketill Flatnose's father as Björn Grímsson , an d "Grim" - the implied name of Ketill Flatnose's paternal grandfathe r - w as likely cognate with Gurim. In addition, both Irish and Icelandi c sourc es suggest that Rollo, as a young man, visited or lived in Scotla nd, wher e he had a daughter named Cadlinar (Kaðlín; Kathleen). Moreover , Ketill F latnose's ancestors were said to have come from Møre - Rollo' s ancestra l home in the Icelandic sources. However, Ketill was a commo n name in Nor se societies, as were names like Gurim and Grim. It is als o possible tha t the later sources were attempting to suggest an otherwis e undocumente d link between the historical figures of Rollo and Ketill F latnose, by wa y of little-known, possibly apocryphal figures like Grim , Gurim and the K etill said to be Rollo's father.
Biography:
Statue of Rollo in Rouen. There are two bronze replicas of this statue : o ne at Ålesund (Norway) and the other one at Fargo, North Dakota (Unit ed S tates)
Dudo tells us that Rollo seized Rouen in 876. He is supported by the con t emporary chronicler Flodoard, who records that Robert of the Breton Mar c h waged a campaign against the Vikings, who nearly levelled Rouen and o th er settlements; eventually, he conceded "certain coastal provinces" t o th em.
According to Dudo, Rollo struck up a friendship in England with a king t h at Dudo calls Alstem. This has puzzled many historians, but recently t h e puzzle has been resolved by recognition that this refers to Guthrum , th e Danish leader whom Alfred the Great baptised with the baptismal na me At helstan, and then recognised as king of the East Angles in 880 .
Dudo records that when Rollo took Bayeux by force, he carried off with h i m the beautiful Popa or Poppa, a daughter of Berenger, Count of Rennes , t ook her in marriage and with her had their son and Rollo's heir, Will ia m Longsword.
Rollo's grave at the Cathedral of Rouen:
There are few contemporary mentions of Rollo. The earliest record is fr o m 918, in a charter of Charles III to an abbey, which referred to an ea rl ier grant to "the Normans of the Seine", namely "Rollo and his associa tes " for "the protection of the kingdom." Dudo retrospectively stated t ha t this pact took place in 911 at Saint-Clair-sur-Epte. In return for f orm al recognition of the lands he possessed, Rollo agreed to be baptise d an d assist the king in the defence of the realm. Rollo took the baptis mal n ame Robert. The seal of agreement was to be marriage between Roll o and Gi sla, daughter of Charles. Dudo claims that Gisla was a legitimat e daughte r of Charles. Since Charles first married in 907, that would me an that Gi sla was at most 5 years old at the time of the treaty of 911 w hich offere d her in marriage. It has therefore been speculated that sh e could have b een an illegitimate daughter. However a diplomatic child b etrothal need n ot be doubted.
After pledging his fealty to Charles III as part of the Treaty of Saint- C lair-sur-Epte, Rollo divided the lands between the rivers Epte and Ris l e among his chieftains, and settled with a de facto capital in Rouen .
Charles was overthrown by a revolt in 923, and next king Ralph, conced e d the Bessin and Maine to Rollo shortly afterwards, the chronicler Flod oa rd tells us.
Rollo died sometime between a final mention of him by Flodoard in 928, a n d 933, the year in which a third grant of land, usually identified as b ei ng the Cotentin and Avranchin areas, was made to his son and successo r Wi lliam.
Descendants:
A genealogical chart of the Norman dynasty
Rollo's son and heir, William Longsword, and grandchild, Richard the Fea r less, forged the Duchy of Normandy into West Francia's most cohesive a n d formidable principality. The descendants of Rollo and his men assimil at ed with their maternal Frankish-Catholic culture and became known as t h e Normans, lending their name to the region of Normandy .
Rollo is the great-great-great-grandfather of William the Conqueror, o r W illiam I of England. Through William, he is one of the ancestors of t he p resent-day British royal family, as well as an ancestor of all curre nt Eu ropean monarchs and a great many claimants to abolished European th rones .
One daughter of Rollo, Gerloc (also known as Adele), who married Willi a m III, Duke of Aquitaine, was mentioned by Dudo. According to Willia m o f Jumièges, writing in the latter half of the 11th century, Gerloc' s moth er was named Poppa.
According to the medieval Irish text An Banshenchas and Icelandic source s , another daughter, Cadlinar (Kaðlín; Kathleen) was born in Scotland (p ro bably to a Scots mother) and married an Irish prince named Beollán ma c Ci armaic, later King of South Brega (Lagore). A daughter of Cadlinar a nd Be ollán named Nithbeorg was abducted by an Icelandic Viking named Hel gi Ott arsson, and became the mother of the poet Einarr Helgason and gran dmothe r of Guðrún Ósvífrsdóttir (protagonist of the Laxdœla saga) .
A genetic investigation into the remains of Rollo's grandson, Richard t h e Fearless, and his great-grandson, Richard the Good, was announced i n 20 11 with the intention of discerning the origins of the historic Viki ng le ader. On 29 February 2016 Norwegian researchers opened Richard th e Good' s tomb and found his lower jaw with eight teeth in it. Unfortunat ely, th e skeletal remains in both graves turned out to significantly pre date Rol lo and therefore are not related to him. | Normandy, Rollo Robert I Duke of Normandy (I41256)
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Ron W. Miller, Walt Disney’s son-in-law and the husband of Diane Disne y , passed away February 9, 2019, in Napa, California. He was 85.
Miller was 21 and a member of the USC Trojans football team when he wa s i ntroduced to then-20-year-old Diane Disney on a blind date. They wer e mar ried in Santa Barbara on May 9, 1954. Ron served in the Army and pl ayed f ootball for the Los Angeles Rams before his father-in-law recruite d him t o work at The Walt Disney Studios in 1957. Miller’s first job wa s servin g as second assistant on Old Yeller (1957). Eventually, as CEO , Miller pu shed the Company to expand and explore, creating Walt Disne y Home Video , Touchstone Pictures, and The Disney Channel.
“Everyone at The Walt Disney Company is deeply saddened by the passin g o f Ron Miller,” said Bob Iger, chairman and chief executive officer, T he W alt Disney Company. “His life and legacy are inextricably linked wit h ou r Company and the Disney family because he was such a vital part o f both , as our CEO and Walt’s son-in-law. Few people had Ron’s understan ding o f our history, or a deeper appreciation and respect for our Compan y, an d he shared it generously with anyone who wanted to know more. I wa s fort unate to have known him, and even luckier to have called him a fri end. M y thoughts and prayers are with his family.”
During Miller’s time at Disney, he pushed technological innovation, incl u ding computer animation, championing such innovative films as Tron (198 2) .
Miller, Diane, and Diane’s mother, Lillian, established Silverado Vineya r ds in 1981, four years after they purchased the property. This place, n ea r the small town of Yountville, California, became Ron and Diane’s per man ent residence.
He served on the Board of Directors at The Walt Disney Family Museum sin c e its opening in 2009 and became president in November 2013.
In 2014, D23 joined Miller for a dedication of a bench in honor of his l a te wife, Diane Disney Miller, at the Griffith Park Merry-Go-Round. In a tt endance at the ceremony were his family, along with Disney Legends Ton y B axter and Bob Gurr.
Miller is survived by his children Christopher Miller, Joanna Miller, Ta m ara Diane Miller, Jennifer Goff, Walter Elias Disney Miller, Ronald Mil le r, and Patrick Miller; grandchildren Annabelle Rey, Nicholas Runeare , Rya n Scheer, Danielle Durham, Sam Goff, Lily Goff, Charlotte Goff, Seb astia n Runeare, Haley Scheer, Reilly Miller, Madeline Goff, William Mill er, an d Elias Miller; and great-grandchildren Stella Durham, Finley Sche er, an d Evelyn and Mason Goff. | Miller, Ronald William (I152794)
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Rose Marie "Rosemary" Kennedy (September 13, 1918 – January 7, 2005) w a s the eldest daughter born to Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and Rose Fitzgeral d K ennedy. She was a sister of President John F. Kennedy and Senators Ro ber t F. and Ted Kennedy.
In her early young adult years, Rosemary Kennedy experienced seizures a n d violent mood swings. In response to these issues, her father arrang e d a prefrontal lobotomy for her in 1941 when she was 23 years of age; t h e procedure left her permanently incapacitated and rendered her unabl e t o speak intelligibly.
Rosemary Kennedy spent most of the rest of her life being cared for at S t . Coletta, an institution in Jefferson, Wisconsin. The truth about he r si tuation and whereabouts was kept secret for decades. While she was i nitia lly isolated from her siblings and extended family following her lo botomy , Rosemary did go on to visit them during her later life.
Born at her parents' home in Brookline, Massachusetts. She was the thi r d child and first daughter of Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and Rose Fitzgeral d . She was named after her mother and was commonly called Rosemary or Ro si e. During her birth, the doctor was not immediately available becaus e o f an outbreak to the Spanish influenza epidemic and the nurse ordere d Ros e Kennedy to keep her legs closed, forcing the baby's head to sta y in th e birth canal for two hours. The action resulted in a harmful los s of oxy gen. As Rosemary began to grow, her parents noticed she was no t reachin g the basic development steps an infant or a toddler normally r eaches a t a certain month or year. At two years old, she had a hard tim e sittin g up, crawling, and learning to walk.
Accounts of Rosemary's life indicated that she was intellectually disabl e d, although some have raised questions about the Kennedys' accounts o f th e nature and scope of her disability. A biographer wrote that Rose K enned y did not confide in her friends and that she pretended her daughte r wa s developing typically, with relatives other than the immediate fami ly kn owing nothing of Rosemary's reported low IQ. Despite the help of tu tors , Rosemary had trouble learning to read and write. At age 11, she wa s sen t to a Pennsylvania boarding school for the intellectually disabled .
At age 15, Rosemary was sent to the Sacred Heart Convent in Elmhurst, Pr o vidence, Rhode Island, where she was educated separately from the othe r s tudents. Two nuns and a special teacher, Miss Newton, worked with he r al l day in a separate classroom. The Kennedys gave the school a new te nni s court for their efforts. Her reading, writing, spelling, and counti ng s kills were reported to be at a fourth-grade level. During this perio d, he r mother arranged for her older brother John to accompany her t o a tea-da nce. Thanks to him, she appeared "not different at all" durin g the dance.
Rosemary read few books but could read Winnie-the-Pooh. Diaries writte n b y her in the late 1930s, and published in the 1980s, reveal a young w oma n whose life was filled with outings to the opera, tea dances, dres s fitt ings, and other social interests. Kennedy accompanied her family t o the c oronation of Pope Pius XII in Rome in 1939. She also visited th e White Ho use. Kennedy's parents told Woman's Day that she was "studyin g to be a ki ndergarten teacher," and Parents was told that while she ha d "an interes t in social welfare work, she is said to harbor a secret lo nging to go o n the stage." When The Boston Globe requested an intervie w with Rosemary , her father's assistant prepared a response which Rosema ry copied out la boriously:
I have always had serious tastes and understand life is not given u s j ust for enjoyment. For some time past, I have been studying the wel l know n psychological method of Dr. Maria Montessori and I got my degre e in tea ching last year.
In 1938, Kennedy was presented to King George VI and Queen Elizabeth a t B uckingham Palace during her father's service as the United States Amb assa dor to the United Kingdom. Kennedy practiced the complicated royal c urts y for hours. At the event, she tripped and nearly fell. Rose Kenned y neve r discussed the incident and treated the debut as a triumph. The c rowd ma de no sign, and the King and the Queen smiled as if nothing had h appened.
According to Rosemary's sister Eunice Kennedy Shriver, when Rosemary ret u rned to the United States from the United Kingdom in 1940, she regresse d ; Shriver later stated that Rosemary became "'increasingly irritable a n d difficult'" at the age of 22. Rosemary would often experience convuls io ns and fly into violent rages in which she would hit and injure other s du ring this period. After being expelled from a summer camp in wester n Mass achusetts and staying only a few months at a Philadelphia boardin g school , Rosemary was sent to a convent school in Washington, D.C Rosem ary bega n sneaking out of the convent school at night. The nuns at the c onvent th ought that Rosemary might be involved with sexual partners, an d that sh e could contract a sexually transmitted disease or become pregn ant. Her o ccasionally erratic behavior frustrated her parents; her fathe r was espec ially worried that Rosemary's behavior would shame and embarr ass the fami ly and damage his and his children's political careers.
When Rosemary was 23 years old, doctors told her father that a form of p s ychosurgery known as a lobotomy would help calm her mood swings and st o p her occasional violent outbursts. Joseph Kennedy decided that Rosema r y should have a lobotomy; however, he did not inform his wife of this d ec ision until after the procedure was completed. The procedure took plac e i n November 1941. In Ronald Kessler's 1996 biography of Joseph Kennedy , Si ns of the Father, James W. Watts, who carried out the procedure wit h Walt er Freeman (both of George Washington University School of Medicin e), des cribed the procedure to Kessler as follows:
After Rosemary was mildly sedated, "We went through the top of the he a d," Dr. Watts recalled. "I think she was awake. She had a mild tranquil iz er. I made a surgical incision in the brain through the skull. It wa s nea r the front. It was on both sides. We just made a small incision, n o mor e than an inch." The instrument Dr. Watts used looked like a butte r knife . He swung it up and down to cut brain tissue. "We put an instrum ent insi de", he said. As Dr. Watts cut, Dr. Freeman asked Rosemary som e questions . For example, he asked her to recite the Lord's Prayer or si ng "God Bles s America" or count backward... "We made an estimate on ho w far to cut ba sed on how she responded." When Rosemary began to becom e incoherent, the y stopped.
Dr. Watts told Kessler that in his opinion, Rosemary had suffered not fr o m mental retardation but rather from a form of depression. A review o f al l of the papers written by the two doctors confirmed Dr. Watts' decl arati on. All of the patients the two doctors lobotomized were diagnose d as hav ing some form of mental disorder. Dr. Bertram S. Brown, directo r of the N ational Institute of Mental Health who was previously an aid e to Presiden t Kennedy, told Kessler that Joe Kennedy referred to his da ughter Rosemar y as mentally retarded rather than mentally ill in order t o protect John' s reputation for a presidential run, and that the family' s "lack of suppo rt for mental illness is part of a lifelong family denia l of what was rea lly so".
It quickly became apparent that the procedure had not been successful. K e nnedy's mental capacity diminished to that of a two-year-old child. Sh e c ould not walk or speak intelligibly and was incontinent.
After the lobotomy, Rosemary was immediately institutionalized. She init i ally lived for several years at Craig House, a private psychiatric hosp it al 90 minutes north of New York City. In 1949, she was relocated to Je ffe rson, Wisconsin, where she lived for the rest of her life on the grou nd s of the St. Coletta School for Exceptional Children (formerly known a s " St. Coletta Institute for Backward Youth"). Archbishop Richard Cushin g ha d told her father about St. Coletta's, an institution for more tha n 300 p eople with disabilities, and her father traveled to and built a p rivate h ouse for her about a mile outside St. Coletta's main campus nea r Alvern o House, which was designed for adults who needed lifelong care . The nun s called the house "the Kennedy cottage". Two Catholic nuns, Si ster Marga ret Ann and Sister Leona, provided her care along with a stude nt and a wo man who worked on ceramics with Rosemary three nights a week . Rosemary ha d a car that could be used to take her for rides and a do g which she coul d take on walks.
In response to her condition, Rosemary's parents separated her from he r f amily. Rose Kennedy did not visit her for 20 years. Joseph P. Kenned y Sr . did not visit his daughter at the institution. In Rosemary: The Hi dde n Kennedy Daughter, author Kate Clifford Larson stated that Rosemary' s lo botomy was hidden from the family for 20 years; none of her sibling s kne w of her whereabouts. While her older brother John was campaignin g for re -election for the Senate in 1958, the Kennedy family explained a way her a bsence by claiming she was reclusive. The Kennedy family did no t publicl y explain her absence until 1961, after John had been elected p resident . The Kennedys did not reveal that she was institutionalized bec ause o f a failed lobotomy, but instead said that she was deemed "mentall y retar ded". In 1961, after Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. suffered a stroke tha t left hi m unable to speak and walk, Rosemary's siblings were made awar e of her lo cation. Her lobotomy did not become public knowledge until 19 87.
Following her father's death in 1969, the Kennedys gradually involved Ro s emary in family life again. Rosemary was occasionally taken to visit re la tives in Florida and Washington, D.C., and to her childhood home on Ca p e Cod. By that time, Rosemary had learned to walk again, but did so wi t h a limp. She never regained the ability to speak clearly, and her ar m wa s palsied.
Rosemary died at Ft Atkinson Memorial Hospital. | Kennedy, Rose Marie (I168340)
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Rosetta Kelsey married Sanford R. Davis in 1916, they divorced and remar r ied in 1929. | Family: Sanford Roscoe Davis / Rosetta Kelsey (F22921)
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ROY OLIVER DISNEY ~
An American businessman, partner and co-founder, along with his younger brother Walt Disney, of Walt Disney Productions, now known as The Walt Disney Company.
Roy was born to Irish-Canadian Elias Charles Disney and English-German-American Flora Call Disney in Chicago, Illinois. The family moved to Marceline, Missouri, in 1896, and to Kansas City, Missouri in 1911. On July 1, 1911, Roy's father Elias purchased a newspaper delivery route for The Kansas City Star and The Kansas City Times. It extended from 27th Street to 31st Street, and from Prospect Avenue to Indiana Avenue. Roy and his brother, Walt worked as newspaper delivery-boys. The family delivered the morning newspaper, The Kansas City Times, to approximately 700 customers, and The Kansas City Star to more than 600 customers. The number of customers served increased with time.
Roy graduated from the Manual Training High School of Kansas City in 1912. He left the paper delivery route and worked on a farm in the summer. He was then employed as a bank clerk along with his brother, Raymond Arnold Disney at the First National Bank in downtown Kansas City. At this same time Roy's brother Walt developed his Laugh-O-gram Studios in Kansas City.
Roy served in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1919. Roy contracted tuberculosis, therefore, was discharged from military duty. He relocated to Los Angeles and worked as a banker whilst recuperating in hospital. In 1923, his brother, Walt joined Roy in Hollywood after he filed for bankruptcy in Kansas City, and the two planned the start of the Disney Brothers Studio.
The brothers ordered kit houses from Los Angeles-based Pacific Ready Cut Homes, and in 1928, built their homes adjacently on Lyric Avenue in the Los Feliz neighborhood.
Whilst Walt led the creative side, Roy guided the business side and finances. Roy and Walt both founded Disney Bros. Studios as brothers, but Walt would later buyout most of Roy's share in 1929 so, unlike Max and Dave Fleischer of rival Fleischer Studios, Roy was not a co-producer.
However, Roy would be an equal partner in all facets of the production company and he became the company's first CEO in 1929, although the official title was not given to him until 1968. He also shared the role of Chairman of the Board with Walt from 1945. In 1960, Walt dropped the Chairman title so he could focus more on the creative aspects of the company.
Following Walt's death in 1966, Roy postponed his retirement to oversee construction of what was then known as Disney World. He later renamed the park "Walt Disney World" as a tribute to his brother. Roy became the president of Walt Disney Productions headquartered in Burbank, California on December 15, 1966, until 1968.
Roy Oliver Disney was married to Edna Francis from April 1925 until his death. Their only child, Roy Edward Disney, was born on January 10, 1930. Throughout his life, Roy rejected the publicity and fame that came with being Walt's brother. Roy's nephew who is Charles Elias Disney named his sons middle name Charles Roy Disney after Roy.
After the opening of Walt Disney World in October 1971, Roy finally retired. He passed away, on December 20, 1971, age 78, from an intracranial hemorrhage. He is interred in Forest Lawn Memorial-Park (Hollywood Hills) in Los Angeles alongside his wife Edna Disney.
When the Walt Disney Concert Hall opened in Los Angeles, included within the structure complex is the REDCAT (Roy and Edna Disney/CalArts Theater) is an interdisciplinary contemporary arts center for innovative visual, performing and media arts in downtown Los Angeles. Opened in November 2003 as the initial professional presenting arm of CalArts, REDCAT has since garnered a reputation for groundbreaking theater and a worldwide arts following as a launching platform for up-and-coming local artists, and for introducing internationally acclaimed productions and exhibitions to L.A. audiences that are often premiering on the West Coast for the first time. | Disney, Roy Oliver (I97074)
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Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families by Michel L. Call, chart 714.
Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert Fr e derick Pfafman, p E-34.
Anglo-Saxon Bishops, Kings and Nobles, Eng 104 p. 335, 339; The Royal Li n e of Succession, A16A 225, p. 5; Keiser Und Koenig Hist. GenHist.2 5 p t . 1 p. 95.
Eoppa of Wessex was a member of the House of Wessex. Although a membe r o f the direct male line from Cedric and Cynric to Ecgberht, Eoppa wa s neve r king due to usurpations by junior branches of the family (see Ho use o f Wessex family tree). He was born c. 706 and his death date is unk nown.
Eoppa was the son of Ingild of Wessex and nephew of king Ine of Wessex , a nd grandson of sons of Cenred. He had one son, Eafa, born about 730 . Thro ugh Eafa, Eoppa was the grandfather of King Ealhmund of Kent and g reat-gr andfather of Ecgberht of Wessex.
Eoppa is also not listed among the monarchs of Wessex | Wessex, Eoppa (I14802)
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Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families by Michel L. Call, chart 714.
Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert Fr e derick Pfafman, p E-34.
Anglo-Saxon Bishops, Kings and Nobles, Eng 104 p. 335, 339; The Royal Li n e of Succession, A16A 225, p. 5; Keiser Und Koenig Hist. GenHist.2 5 p t . 1 p. 95.
Ealhmund was King of Kent in 784. He is reputed to be the father of Ki n g Egbert who was King of Wessex and, later, King of Kent.
He is not known to have struck any coins, and the only contemporary evid e nce of him is an abstract of a charter dated 784, in which Ealhmund gra nt ed land to the Abbot of Reculver. In this charter he is identified a s Eal mundus rex Canciæ. By the following year Offa of Mercia seems to h ave be en ruling directly, as he issued a charter without any mention o f a loca l king.
General consensus among historians is this is the same Ealhmund foun d i n two pedigrees in the Winchester (Parker) Chronicle, compiled durin g th e reign of Alfred the Great. The genealogical preface to this manusc ript , as well as the annual entry (covering years 855–859) describing th e dea th of Æthelwulf, both make King Egbert of Wessex the son of an Ealh mund , who was son of Eafa, grandson of Eoppa, and great-grandson of Ingi ld, t he brother of King Ine of Wessex, and descendant of founder Cerdic , and t herefore a member of the House of Wessex (see House of Wessex fam ily tree ). A further entry has been added in a later hand to the 784 ann al, repor ting Ealhmund's reign in Kent.
Finally, in the Canterbury Bilingual Epitome, originally compiled afte r t he Norman conquest of England, a later scribe has likewise added to t he 7 84 annal not only Ealhmund's reign in Kent, but his explicit identif icati on with the father of Egbert. Based on this reconstruction, in whic h a We ssex scion became King of Kent, his own Kentish name and that of h is son , Egbert, it has been suggested that his mother derived from the r oyal ho use of Kent, a connection dismissed by a recent critical review.
Historian Heather Edwards has suggested that Ealhmund was probably a Ken t ish royal scion, whose pedigree was forged to give his son Egbert the d es cent from Cerdic requisite to reigning in Wessex.
Ealhmund's wife is not known, however, he is identified as the father of:
- Ecgberht, King of Wessex.
- Æthelburh of Wilton, wife of Wulfstan, ealdorman of Wiltshire, also kn o wn as Saint Alburga of Wilton. | Wessex, Ealhmund King of Kent (I13726)
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Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families by Michel L. Call, chart 714.
Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert Fr e derick Pfafman, p E-34.
Anglo-Saxon Bishops, Kings and Nobles, Eng 104 p. 335, 339; TheRoyalLi n e of Succession, A16A 225, p. 5; Keiser Und Koenig Hist. GenHist.2 5 p t . 1 p. 95.
Eafa was an Ealdorman of Wessex who lived 732 to 790 in Anglo-Saxon Engl a nd. Eafa was the son of Eoppa, who was son of Ingild, who was brothe r o f King Ine, King of Wessex, and both were sons of Cenred .
Eafa himself was not ever king, he was of royal descent from Cerdic (o f W essex) and it is believed his wife was of the Royal House of Kent, wh ic h enabled his son Ealhmund to become King of Kent after King Ecgberh t I I and King Heaberht, who ruled jointly.
The name of Eafa's wife, the princess of Kent, is not known with certain t y.
Eafa is not listed among the monarchs of Kent | Wessex, Eafa King of Wessex (I12100)
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Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families by Michel L. Call, chart 714.
Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert Fr e derick Pfafman, p E-34.
Anglo-Saxon Bishops, Kings and Nobles, Eng 104 p. 335, 339; TheRoyalLi n e of Succession, A16A 225, p. 5; Keiser Und Koenig Hist. GenHist.2 5 p t . 1 p. 95.
Ingild of Wessex was a member of the House of Wessex who lived in the la t e 7th century- early 8th century, in Anglo-Saxon England. Ingild was t h e son of son of Cenred (Coenred), who was the son of Ceolwald; He wa s th e sibling of Ine, King of Wessex, and sisters Cwenburg and Cuthburh . Cuth burh married King Aldfrith of Northumbria.
Ingild's brother, Ine, was King of Wessex, his brother-in-law, Aldfrit h , was King of Northumbria ad his father Cenred was possibly an Under-Ki ng . Ingild himself was never a king. He was, however, a member of the Ho us e of Cerdic, and of royal descent, which would greatly influence his o w n descendants.
The name of Ingild's wife is not known, it is known that he had a son na m ed Eoppa born about 706. It is possible that he also had a son named Ea ld berht who was exiled and killed by Ine in 725. "It has been suggeste d th at Ealdberht was a son of Ine, or a son of Ine's brother Ingild. " - https ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ine_of_Wessex#Kent,_Essex,_Sussex,_and _Surrey
Most records place Ingild's date of birth at about 672 and his death i n 7 18.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, p. 42: '718. Here Ingeld, Ine's brother, pass e d away; and their sisters were Cwenburh and Cuthburh; and that Cuthbur h f ounded 'the life'* atWimborne; and she had been given to Aldfrith, Ki ng o f Northumbria, and they separated during their lifetime.'
The royal line of Cerdic (of Wessex) was continued in Ingild's son Eopp a , and through him Ingild was a noteworthy ancestor of generations of k in gs including Alfred the Great.
Ingild father of Eoppa,
Eoppa, father of Eafa,
Eafa father of King Ealhmund of Kent,
Ealhmund father of King Ecgberht,
Ecgberht father Æthelwulf King of Wessex,
Æthelwulf who was the father of :
- Æthelstan, King of Kent
- Æthelswith, Queen of Mercia
- Æthelbald, King of Wessex
- Æthelberht, King of Wessex
- Æthelred, King of Wessex
- Alfred, King of Wessex | Wessex, Inglid King of Wessex (I14463)
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Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families by Michel L. Call, chart 714.
Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert Fr e derick Pfafman, p E-34. Kin g of West Saxon 560 - 577
Cenred of Wessex was a member of the House of Wessex and a member of t h e direct male line from Cynric to Egbert. It is possible that Cenred ru le d alongside his son Ine for a period. There is weak evidence for join t ki ngships, and stronger evidence of subkings reigning under a dominan t rule r in Wessex, not long before his time. Ine acknowledges his father 's hel p in his code of laws, and there is also a surviving land-grant th at indi cates Cenred was still reigning in Wessex after Ine's accession.
His father was Ceolwald of Wessex. Cenred had at least four children.
- Ine, king of Wessex and married Æthelburg of Wessex
- Ingild, the great-grandfather of Ealhmund of Kent, and the great-gre a t grandfather of Egbert
- Cuthburh, who married Aldfrith of Northumbria, and became abbess of Wi m borne
- Cwenburh, who may have succeeded her sister as abbess at Wimborne. | Wessex, Coenred King of West Saxon (I14794)
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| 2150 |
Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families by Michel L. Call, chart 7143.
Ancestry and Progentry of Captain James Blount - Immigrant, by Robert Fr e derick Pfafman, p E-34.
Elesa identified as the father of Cerdic and the son of Elsa. The nam e o f Elesa's mother is not recorded.
Elessa and Isaive are identified as the parents of Cerdic, with Elessa s p ecifically identified as his father. From this we know Isaive was his m ot her. Some sources seem to indicate that Cerdic was illegitimate, there for e we do not know with certainty if Isaive and Elessa were married.
Cerdic (Elesa's son) landed in what is today Hampshire in 495 with his s o n Cynric in five ships. It is not know with certainty from where Cerdi c c ame. It has been surmised that he was a native Britton, of that he ca me f rom Jutland and the Saxon coast.
Cerdic, first king of the West Saxons (519–534), is recorded as descend e d from Woden. This mythical descent is set out in the Anglo-Saxon Chro ni cle: "Woden/Bældæg/Brand/Frithugar/Freawine/Wig/Gewis/Esla/Elesa/Cerdi c" .
Elesa has been identified by some scholars with the Romano-British Elasi u s, the "chief of the region", met by Germanus of Auxerre.
[ Grosjean, P., Analecta Bollandiana, 1957. Hagiographie Celtique pp. 15 8 –226.
Nicholl, D. (1958) Celts, Romans and Saxons, Studies: An Irish Quarter l y Review, Vol. 47, No. 187 (Autumn 1958), p. 300]
There is no evidence that Elesa was a king or ruler as some have identif i ed him, although it is a possibility.
--------------------------------
If correct Elesa
Birthdate: estimated between 403 and 463
Death: (Date and location unknown)
Immediate Family:
Son of Esla and N.N.
Husband of N.N.
Father of Cerdic, king of the West Saxons and (Poss) daughter of Elesa M o ther of Withgar .... | Elesa (I14796)
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English
