Matches 1,201 to 1,250 of 2,884
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James Buchanan, the 15th President of the United States (1857-1861), ser v ed immediately prior to the American Civil War. He remains the only Pre si dent to be elected from Pennsylvania and to remain a lifelong bachelor .
Tall, stately, stiffly formal in the high stock he wore around his jowl s , James Buchanan was the only President who never married.
Presiding over a rapidly dividing Nation, Buchanan grasped inadequatel y t he political realities of the time. Relying on constitutional doctrin es t o close the widening rift over slavery, he failed to understand tha t th e North would not accept constitutional arguments which favored th e South . Nor could he realize how sectionalism had realigned political p arties : the Democrats split; the Whigs were destroyed, giving rise to th e Repub licans.
Born into a well-to-do Pennsylvania family in 1791, Buchanan, a gradua t e of Dickinson College, was gifted as a debater and learned in the law.
He was elected five times to the House of Representatives; then, afte r a n interlude as Minister to Russia, served for a decade in the Senate . H e became Polk’s Secretary of State and Pierce’s Minister to Great Bri tain . Service abroad helped to bring him the Democratic nomination in 18 56 be cause it had exempted him from involvement in bitter domestic contr oversi es.
As President-elect, Buchanan thought the crisis would disappear if he ma i ntained a sectional balance in his appointments and could persuade th e pe ople to accept constitutional law as the Supreme Court interpreted i t. Th e Court was considering the legality of restricting slavery in th e territ ories, and two justices hinted to Buchanan what the decision wou ld be.
Thus, in his Inaugural the President referred to the territorial questi o n as “happily, a matter of but little practical importance” since the S up reme Court was about to settle it “speedily and finally.”
Two days later Chief Justice Roger B. Taney delivered the Dred Scott dec i sion, asserting that Congress had no constitutional power to deprive pe rs ons of their property rights in slaves in the territories. Southerner s we re delighted, but the decision created a furor in the North.
Buchanan decided to end the troubles in Kansas by urging the admissio n o f the territory as a slave state. Although he directed his Presidenti al a uthority to this goal, he further angered the Republicans and aliena ted m embers of his own party. Kansas remained a territory.
When Republicans won a plurality in the House in 1858, every significa n t bill they passed fell before southern votes in the Senate or a Presid en tial veto. The Federal Government reached a stalemate.
Sectional strife rose to such a pitch in 1860 that the Democratic Part y s plit into northern and southern wings, each nominating its own candid at e for the Presidency. Consequently, when the Republicans nominated Abr aha m Lincoln, it was a foregone conclusion that he would be elected eve n tho ugh his name appeared on no southern ballot. Rather than accept a R epubli can administration, the southern “fire-eaters” advocated secession .
President Buchanan, dismayed and hesitant, denied the legal right of sta t es to secede but held that the Federal Government legally could not pre ve nt them. He hoped for compromise, but secessionist leaders did not wan t c ompromise.
Then Buchanan took a more militant tack. As several Cabinet members resi g ned, he appointed northerners, and sent the Star of the West to carry r ei nforcements to Fort Sumter. On January 9, 1861, the vessel was far awa y.
Buchanan reverted to a policy of inactivity that continued until he le f t office. In March 1861 he retired to his Pennsylvania home Wheatland–w he re he died seven years later–leaving his successor to resolve the frig htf ul issue facing the Nation. | Buchanan, President James (I169648)
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| 1202 |
James Donaldson, or "Dad D." as I called him, was around 6 feet tall, fa i rly slender, with blue eyes and thick dark curly hair, which was just b eg inning to go grey. He wore bib overalls and a "Stetson" hat. As I late r f ound out, he didn't spend much on clothes, but he always had a good S tets on hat.
Dad D. always treated me with kindness, respect and love. He often cam e t o visit me when he was out riding, checking on his stock (cattle). W e liv ed about 4 miles from his home in Hachita, New Mexico. Sometime s I woul d be outside working when he rode up, and I would never see or h ear him c ome. He loved to tease me and tell me it was a good thing I did n't live w hen the Indians were savage and roaming about, for they woul d have captur ed me without any trouble!
Quite often when he visited me, he would bring me some candy. I was gett i ng quite a supply on hand, for I was pregnant and candy didn't agree wi t h me. When I thanked him for the candy and commented on how much he bro ug ht, he said, "I want to bring you something." I told him fresh vegetab le s would be a real treat for me. I can still remember how good the radi she s tasted to me that he brought- it pleased him to bring me somethin g tha t I could enjoy!
James Donaldson was born at West Potterville, Utah. on April 6, 1877. Wh e n he was only 9 years old, his mother passed away. The following year , i n 1887, his family moved from Utah to "Old Mexico" in hopes of havin g a b etter life. This however, was a very difficult time and even food w as sca rce. James and his brothers were paid fifty cents for the all-da y job o f grubbing (clearing) mesquite for other farmers .
When he was almost 20 years old, he married Francis Cora Harris. Their f i rst home was a two-room adobe house. Later they added 3 more rooms mad e o ut of lumber to it. One room was used as a kitchen, one for storage , an d the other for the boy's bedroom. The bed mattresses were made ou t of ti cking (a heavy cotton cloth), stuffed corn shucks (the dried leav es fro m corn stalks). One of their younger sons, Ozz, recalled how the y slept - two boys at the head of the bed, and two at the foot. He also r emember s quite often he would get kicked!
While living in this small home, 8 children were born- seven sons and o n e daughter. Although times were difficult, James was very industrious a n d provided a good living for his family for those times. He farmed, rai se d cattle, had a meat shop and was a barber! Ozz recalls helping his fa the r plant fruit trees that his father had started from seed.
Although he was a stern father, James loved his children and while teach i ng them how to work, he also left time for fun. He got rubber from som e p lace, melted it down, and shaped it into a ball. It bounced much bett er t han the balls the boys had made for themselves out of cloth rags cov ere d with string. In the spring, he would make whistles out of the gree n cot tonwood shoots for his children. In addition, Ozz recalled that hi s fathe r could whistle really loudly with just his lips. Although all hi s boys t ried to imitate their father, only John ever learned how to do i t just li ke their dad.
In 1912, James moved his family into a brand new home- complete with n e w curtains at the windows and rugs on the floor for Francis. However , i n only a few short weeks after moving into their new home, the Mexica n Re volutionary War broke out, and the members of the Church of Jesus Ch ris t of Latter-day Saints were advised to leave immediately for the safe ty o f the United States. Francis left her new home, and taking what belo nging s they could fit into a wagon, she left with 7 of their children- t he you ngest Clifford only 6 weeks old, and 5 other adults- a total of 1 3 passen gers in a wagon, fleeing for safety. James, and their oldest so n Carl, st ayed behind to try and salvage as much of their cattle herd a s possible , and serve as guards for the departing families. In spite o f their hope s and best efforts, James was unable to salvage anything, an d he and Car l left and joined Francis and the children across the Mexico /US border i n New Mexico, near a small community called Hachita .
Although they planned and hoped to return to their new home and proper t y in Mexico, it became evident that this would not be possible. James t oo k any work available to provide for his family, and in time, moved hi s fa mily from their scanty shelter made of canvas and soapweed brush, t o a on e room rock house they built. Ozz recalls going with his dad and b rother s to get the rock from a hill near Table Top Mountain- they had n o mone y for cement, so they used what materials they had on hand, mud an d a lit tle straw, to lay the rock in place .
In spite of the great difficulities they faced, James and Francis work e d hard to improve their circumstances. James continued to take what wo r k was available, and slowly things improved. James gradually built u p a c attle herd and began ranching again. In the fall of 1920, eight yea rs aft er their arrival in New Mexico, and just 7 months after the birt h of thei r 9th child, a little daughter they named Amy, Francis died .
This was an incredibly difficult time for James and his children. To t h e best of his ability, a heart-broken father quietly began to try and f il l the void left by his wife's passing. His children recall that thei r fat her became more thoughtful- more gentle and loving with them. Thirt een ye ars later, on November 26, 1938, James quietly passed away and wa s reunit ed with his beloved wife. | Donaldson, James Rowan (I153770)
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| 1203 |
James I, 1394–1437, king of Scotland (1406–37), son and successor of Rob e rt III. King Robert feared for the safety of James because the king's b ro ther, Robert Stuart, 1st duke of Albany, who was virtual ruler of th e rea lm, stood next in line of succession after the young prince. Alban y had a lready been suspected of complicity in the death of James's olde r brother , David Stuart, duke of Rothesay. Accordingly, in 1406 the kin g sent Jame s to France for safety, but the prince was captured on the wa y by the Eng lish and held prisoner until 1424. So, although James techni cally succeed ed his father in 1406, the regent Albany ruled until his ow n death and wa s succeeded by his son, and the king's ransom was arrange d only at the in sistence of Archibald Douglas, 4th earl of Douglas, an d other nobles. Th e king had been well educated by his captors, Henry I V and Henry V of Eng land, who had treated him as a royal guest. Shortl y before his return t o Scotland in 1424, James married Joan Beaufort, da ughter of the earl o f Somerset. The Kingis Quair [the king's book] (rev . ed. by W. W. Skeat , 1911), the story of his captivity and his romanc e with Joan, is usuall y considered to have been written by him. It and o ther poems attributed t o him would establish him as one of the leading p oets in the Chaucerian t radition. James was crowned at Scone and set abo ut governing energeticall y. He asserted his authority over the nobility , ruthlessly exterminatin g members of the Albany family and a number o f other barons and reducin g the Highland clans to order. He also achieve d important financial and j udicial reforms and sought to remodel the Sco ttish Parliament, which he c onvened annually, along English lines. His p lans for including burghers i n the Parliament and improving commerce an d the army were opposed by hi s militantly feudal nobles, and his vindict iveness, cupidity, and quick t emper understandably diminished his popula rity. He was assassinated b y a group of nobles, one of whom, the earl o f Atholl, probably hoped to c laim the throne. However, James was succeed ed by his son, James II. | Stewart, James I King of Scots (I2822)
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| 1204 |
James Madison, America’s fourth President (1809-1817), made a major cont r ibution to the ratification of the Constitution by writing The Federali s t Papers, along with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. In later years , h e was referred to as the “Father of the Constitution.”
At his inauguration, James Madison, a small, wizened man, appeared old a n d worn; Washington Irving described him as “but a withered little apple -J ohn.” But whatever his deficiencies in charm, Madison’s … wife Dolle y com pensated for them with her warmth and gaiety. She was the toast o f Washin gton.
Born in 1751, Madison was brought up in Orange County, Virginia, and att e nded Princeton (then called the College of New Jersey). A student of hi st ory and government, well-read in law, he participated in the framing o f t he Virginia Constitution in 1776, served in the Continental Congress , an d was a leader in the Virginia Assembly.
When delegates to the Constitutional Convention assembled at Philadelphi a , the 36-year-old Madison took frequent and emphatic part in the debate s.
Madison made a major contribution to the ratification of the Constituti o n by writing, with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, the Federalist essa ys . In later years, when he was referred to as the “Father of the Consti tut ion,” Madison protested that the document was not “the off-spring o f a si ngle brain,” but “the work of many heads and many hands.”
In Congress, he helped frame the Bill of Rights and enact the first reve n ue legislation. Out of his leadership in opposition to Hamilton’s finan ci al proposals, which he felt would unduly bestow wealth and power upo n nor thern financiers, came the development of the Republican, or Jeffer sonian , Party.
As President Jefferson’s Secretary of State, Madison protested to warri n g France and Britain that their seizure of American ships was contrar y t o international law. The protests, John Randolph acidly commented, ha d th e effect of “a shilling pamphlet hurled against eight hundred ship s of wa r.”
Despite the unpopular Embargo Act of 1807, which did not make the bellig e rent nations change their ways but did cause a depression in the Unite d S tates, Madison was elected President in 1808. Before he took office t he E mbargo Act was repealed.
During the first year of Madison’s Administration, the United States pro h ibited trade with both Britain and France; then in May, 1810, Congres s au thorized trade with both, directing the President, if either would a ccep t America’s view of neutral rights, to forbid trade with the other n ation .
Napoleon pretended to comply. Late in 1810, Madison proclaimed non-inter c ourse with Great Britain. In Congress a young group including Henry Cl a y and John C. Calhoun, the “War Hawks,” pressed the President for a mo r e militant policy.
The British impressment of American seamen and the seizure of cargoes im p elled Madison to give in to the pressure. On June 1, 1812, he asked Con gr ess to declare war.
The young Nation was not prepared to fight; its forces took a severe tro u ncing. The British entered Washington and set fire to the White House a n d the Capitol.
But a few notable naval and military victories, climaxed by Gen. Andre w J ackson’s triumph at New Orleans, convinced Americans that the War o f 181 2 had been gloriously successful. An upsurge of nationalism resulte d. Th e New England Federalists who had opposed the war–and who had eve n talke d secession–were so thoroughly repudiated that Federalism disappe ared a s a national party.
In retirement at Montpelier, his estate in Orange County, Virginia, Madi s on spoke out against the disruptive states’ rights influences that by t h e 1830’s threatened to shatter the Federal Union. In a note opened aft e r his death in 1836, he stated, “The advice nearest to my heart and dee pe st in my convictions is that the Union of the States be cherished an d per petuated.” | Madison, President James Jr (I169098)
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James Monroe was the fifth President of the United States (1817–1825) a n d the last President from the Founding Fathers.
On New Year’s Day, 1825, at the last of his annual White House reception s , President James Monroe made a pleasing impression upon a Virginia la d y who shook his hand:
“He is tall and well formed. His dress plain and in the old style…. Hi s m anner was quiet and dignified. From the frank, honest expression of h is e ye … I think he well deserves the encomium passed upon him by the gr eat J efferson, who said, ‘Monroe was so honest that if you turned his so ul ins ide out there would not be a spot on it.’ ”
Born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, in 1758, Monroe attended the Coll e ge of William and Mary, fought with distinction in the Continental Arm y , and practiced law in Fredericksburg, Virginia.
As a youthful politician, he joined the anti-Federalists in the Virgin i a Convention which ratified the Constitution, and in 1790, an advocat e o f Jeffersonian policies, was elected United States Senator. As Minist er t o France in 1794-1796, he displayed strong sympathies for the Frenc h caus e; later, with Robert R. Livingston, he helped negotiate the Louis iana Pu rchase.
His ambition and energy, together with the backing of President Madiso n , made him the Republican choice for the Presidency in 1816. With litt l e Federalist opposition, he easily won re-election in 1820.
Monroe made unusually strong Cabinet choices, naming a Southerner, Joh n C . Calhoun, as Secretary of War, and a northerner, John Quincy Adams , as S ecretary of State. Only Henry Clay’s refusal kept Monroe from addi ng an o utstanding Westerner.
Early in his administration, Monroe undertook a goodwill tour. At Bosto n , his visit was hailed as the beginning of an “Era of Good Feelings.” U nf ortunately these “good feelings” did not endure, although Monroe, hi s pop ularity undiminished, followed nationalist policies.
Across the facade of nationalism, ugly sectional cracks appeared. A pain f ul economic depression undoubtedly increased the dismay of the peopl e o f the Missouri Territory in 1819 when their application for admissio n t o the Union as a slave state failed. An amended bill for gradually el imin ating slavery in Missouri precipitated two years of bitter debate i n Cong ress.
The Missouri Compromise bill resolved the struggle, pairing Missour i a s a slave state with Maine, a free state, and barring slavery north a nd w est of Missouri forever.
In foreign affairs Monroe proclaimed the fundamental policy that bears h i s name, responding to the threat that the more conservative government s i n Europe might try to aid Spain in winning back her former Latin Amer ica n colonies. Monroe did not begin formally to recognize the young sist er r epublics until 1822, after ascertaining that Congress would vote app ropri ations for diplomatic missions. He and Secretary of State John Quin cy Ada ms wished to avoid trouble with Spain until it had ceded the Flori das, a s was done in 1821.
Great Britain, with its powerful navy, also opposed reconquest of Lati n A merica and suggested that the United States join in proclaiming “hand s of f.” Ex-Presidents Jefferson and Madison counseled Monroe to accept t he of fer, but Secretary Adams advised, “It would be more candid … to avo w ou r principles explicitly to Russia and France, than to come in as a c ock-b oat in the wake of the British man-of-war.”
Monroe accepted Adams’s advice. Not only must Latin America be left alon e , he warned, but also Russia must not encroach southward on the Pacifi c c oast. “... the American continents,” he stated, “by the free and inde pend ent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth n ot t o be considered as subjects for future colonization by any Europea n Power .” Some 20 years after Monroe died in 1831, this became known a s the Monr oe Doctrine. | Monroe, President James (I169427)
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James Orson Laurence was known by his friends and family as Orson Lauren c e. He was named after his paternal grandfather and his maternal grandfa th er. He was born in Blount County, Alabama prior to the Civil War. | Laurence, James Orson (I23482)
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| 1207 |
James VI and I (19 June 1566 - 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as Ja m es VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I fro m t he union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until hi s de ath. The kingdoms of Scotland and England were individual sovereig n state s, with their own parliaments, judiciary, and laws, though both w ere rule d by James in personal union.
He succeeded to the Scottish throne at the age of thirteen months, aft e r his mother Mary, Queen of Scots, was compelled to abdicate in his fav or . Four different regents governed during his minority, which ended off ici ally in 1578, though he did not gain full control of his government u nti l 1583. In 1603, he succeeded the last Tudor monarch of England and I rela nd, Elizabeth I, who died without issue. He continued to reign in al l thr ee kingdoms for 22 years, a period known as the Jacobean era afte r him, u ntil his death in 1625 at the age of 58. After the Union of th e Crowns, h e based himself in England (the largest of the three realms ) from 1603, o nly returning to Scotland once in 1617, and styled himsel f "King of Grea t Britain and Ireland". He was a major advocate of a sing le parliament fo r both England and Scotland. In his reign, the Plantatio n of Ulster and B ritish colonization of the Americas began.
At 57 years and 246 days, his reign in Scotland was longer than any of h i s predecessors. He achieved most of his aims in Scotland but faced gre a t difficulties in England, including the Gunpowder Plot in 1605 and rep ea ted conflicts with the English Parliament. Under James, the "Golden Ag e " of Elizabethan literature and drama continued, with writers such as W il liam Shakespeare, John Donne, Ben Jonson, and Sir Francis Bacon contri but ing to a flourishing literary culture. James himself was a talented s chol ar, the author of works such as Daemonologie (1597), True Law of Fre e Mon archies (1598), and Basilikon Doron (1599). He sponsored the transl atio n of the Bible that was named after him: the Authorized King James V ersio n. Sir Anthony Weldon claimed that James had been termed "the wises t foo l in Christendom", an epithet associated with his character ever si nce. S ince the latter half of the twentieth century, however, historian s have r evised James's reputation and have treated him as a serious an d thoughtfu l monarch.
He was less than a year old when he saw his mother for the last time, a n d thirteen months old when he was crowned King of Scots in Stirling aft e r her forced abdication.
His childhood was constantly disturbed by the struggles of the nobles w h o vied for control of him. Given a demanding academic education by hi s tu tor George Buchanan (who tried to teach him to hate his mother) an d advis ed by four successive regents, he grew up to be a shrewd, wary in tellectu al who managed to reconcile the warring factions among his nobil ity wit h such success that he has been described as 'the most effectiv e ruler Sc otland ever had'.
Other opinions were more mixed; David Hume wrote that 'many virtues.. . i t must be owned, he was possessed of, but no one of them pure, or fre e fr om the contagion of the neighbouring vices,' whilst Henri IV of Fran ce ca lled James 'the wisest fool in Christendom'.
James was a firm believer in the Divine Right of Kings and in the righ t o f his bishops to run the Scottish Church; his response to Calvinist p rote sts was 'No Bishop, No King'. His great ambition was to succeed Eliz abet h I on the throne of England, and so he made only a formal protest w hen s he signed his mother's death warrant in 1587.
Two years later, he married Anne of Denmark. Happy together at first th e y had three sons and four daughters, but gradually drifted apart.
On 24 March 1603 James achieved his lifelong ambition when Queen Elizabe t h I died and he inherited the throne of England. He moved south immedia te ly, and would have liked his two kingdoms to be completely united. How eve r, Scotland retained its own parliament, established Church and lega l an d educational systems.
James enjoyed the pomp and circumstance of the English court, and return e d to Scotland only once, in 1617. He liked to boast that he now ruled h i s northern kingdom with a stroke of his pen, but in his later years h e lo st something of his grasp of the Scottish situation .
When he forced through the 1618 General Assembly of the Church of Scotla n d his Five Articles of Perth, measures intended to bring the worship a n d government of the Church of Scotland into line with the Church of Eng la nd, he met with strong opposition .
Realising that he had made an error of judgement, he did not enforce t h e Articles, and did not try again to introduce ecclesiastical innovatio ns . He died on 27 March 1625. | Stuart, James VI King of Scotland, I King of England (I43693)
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| 1208 |
Jame’s gravestone is located Millcreek city in Salt Lake Valley. Worth n o ting is that one of Jame’s sons mistakenly put the wrong birthdate. Th e c orrect date, as recorded here, is in fact 17 September 1903. This dat e ha s been verified with family, as it happens to be the same birthdat e as hi s grandson Michael Peterson. | Angelopoulos, Demedreos (I94765)
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| 1209 |
Jan 28, 10 P.m.
Olive,
Mother said you wanted me to write and tell you all about the farm. W e ll, let's talk about the weather first. This has been the ******* wint e r I ever saw. First it snows, then it goes below zero, then it rains li k e **** for three or four days. Talk about the flood in Moses' days. I h a d to put on hip boots to get to the mail box. We were lucky--never go t i n our basement, but the people a mile south from here had their house s fu ll. I think it is going to rain tonight. Wendell got some more draf t pape rs today to fill out. He is going to Logan in the morning to get h is teet h fillled. I am setting up tonight with the sheep. We are gettin g thre e or four lambs each night. It is the sheep I bought of a Bishop . They we re to lamb in Feb 16th. Haven't lost a mother or baby yet. No t bad and ab out one third lambed. I think we will have over 100 head i n spring. We ar e milking 16 cows and that means a lot of teat pulling mi ght and morning- - 10 brood sows, seventeen acres of beets, grain and hay . So we will kee p busy this year. Yes, we are doing our part to feed th e soldiers.
We sold twenty tons of beef; three tons of pork and around 4500 lbs . o f butter fat beside grain and beets--and 185 tons of hay. I sold 37 t on s this fall for $15.00 per ton--that's pretty good. Yes, we got the ba c k taxes paid up--the first time in 12 years, around $1400 and paid up h al f the loan. So next fall if we have good luck we will pay the rest.
O, O, ran out of paper got to hunt some more.
It's not a bad farm, it has raised some **** good kids and lots of fo o d. Shirley has been sick but is fine now. Mother worries lots about yo u w hen she don't get a card or letter often. I haven't done much for yo u kid s but I did get you a good mother. She said I will live forever a s I neve r worry. You gave me plenty to worry about for about two years . I though t sure as **** you was never going to grow any hair on that ba ll head o f yours. Well, you got plenty now and it is pretty, too.
Dorothy got her picture taken--one smiling and one sober. I had Mrs . A nderson color them and sure are nice. She made one large one and kep t on e for a sample to put outside. Dort don't know that yet.
You asked how we got along on the gas rationing--fine--it saves lot s o f money. I ran out coming from Logan. It was snowing and dark, couldn 't s ee more than twenty feet ahead. So I walked one mile and a half to g et so me.
I've got a picture taken--willl send you one tomorrow. Would like on e o f you in your Red Cross Uniform. You have been gone so long I almos t forg ot what you look like. You sure done fine starting with a Lieutena nt. Kee p on and end up with a Major or General. I think So. California i s the pr ettiest place on the U.S.A.
We don't talk about the war anymore. It makes us all want to figh t . I sure admire the Russians. They are putting up a good fight and ou r bo ys in Africa.
Hope Herb is O.K. I thought he was a good lad.
Well, let me know what you think of the picture as I think it is go o d for being married for twenty-seven years. Well, I am going to look a t t he sheep, so good nite.
Dad
P.S. You will have a hard time to read this. I have used a pitch fork lo t s more than a pen. I am enclosing 5 bucks for you for the car stamp yo u g ot last year.
Jan 28, 10 P.m.
Olive,
Mother said you wanted me to write and tell you all about the farm. W e ll, let's talk about the weather first. This has been the ******* wint e r I ever saw. First it snows, then it goes below zero, then it rains li k e **** for three or four days. Talk about the flood in Moses' days. I h a d to put on hip boots to get to the mail box. We were lucky--never go t i n our basement, but the people a mile south from here had their house s fu ll. I think it is going to rain tonight. Wendell got some more draf t pape rs today to fill out. He is going to Logan in the morning to get h is teet h fillled. I am setting up tonight with the sheep. We are gettin g thre e or four lambs each night. It is the sheep I bought of a Bishop . They we re to lamb in Feb 16th. Haven't lost a mother or baby yet. No t bad and ab out one third lambed. I think we will have over 100 head i n spring. We ar e milking 16 cows and that means a lot of teat pulling mi ght and morning- - 10 brood sows, seventeen acres of beets, grain and hay . So we will kee p busy this year. Yes, we are doing our part to feed th e soldiers.
We sold twenty tons of beef; three tons of pork and around 4500 lbs . o f butter fat beside grain and beets--and 185 tons of hay. I sold 37 t on s this fall for $15.00 per ton--that's pretty good. Yes, we got the ba c k taxes paid up--the first time in 12 years, around $1400 and paid up h al f the loan. So next fall if we have good luck we will pay the rest.
O, O, ran out of paper got to hunt some more.
It's not a bad farm, it has raised some **** good kids and lots of fo o d. Shirley has been sick but is fine now. Mother worries lots about yo u w hen she don't get a card or letter often. I haven't done much for yo u kid s but I did get you a good mother. She said I will live forever a s I neve r worry. You gave me plenty to worry about for about two years . I though t sure as **** you was never going to grow any hair on that ba ll head o f yours. Well, you got plenty now and it is pretty, too.
Dorothy got her picture taken--one smiling and one sober. I had Mrs . A nderson color them and sure are nice. She made one large one and kep t on e for a sample to put outside. Dort don't know that yet.
You asked how we got along on the gas rationing--fine--it saves lot s o f money. I ran out coming from Logan. It was snowing and dark, couldn 't s ee more than twenty feet ahead. So I walked one mile and a half to g et so me.
I've got a picture taken--willl send you one tomorrow. Would like on e o f you in your Red Cross Uniform. You have been gone so long I almos t forg ot what you look like. You sure done fine starting with a Lieutena nt. Kee p on and end up with a Major or General. I think So. California i s the pr ettiest place on the U.S.A.
We don't talk about the war anymore. It makes us all want to figh t . I sure admire the Russians. They are putting up a good fight and ou r bo ys in Africa.
Hope Herb is O.K. I thought he was a good lad.
Well, let me know what you think of the picture as I think it is go o d for being married for twenty-seven years. Well, I am going to look a t t he sheep, so good nite.
Dad
P.S. You will have a hard time to read this. I have used a pitch fork lo t s more than a pen. I am enclosing 5 bucks for you for the car stamp yo u g ot last year. | Greaves, Oliver Eames (I21971)
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| 1210 |
At least one living or private individual is linked to this note - Details withheld. | Living (I115738)
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Jane Prosser Green was buried in Buchanan County, Missouri likely on t h e same day she died, 21 June 1849. She died of cholera in an epidemic a n d was quickly buried with the others who also succumbed to cholera. | Prosser, Jane (I175053)
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| 1212 |
Jane requested on deathbed to be sealed to Brigham Young; died four da y s after marriage. | Terry, Jane (I87848)
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Janis Neilson Hoffman, passed away June 28, 2016. Janis was born April 2 0 , 1940 to Peter Taylor & Isabelle Prisbrey Neilson in Washington, Utah . S he married Frederick LeRoy "Roy" Jennings August 15, 1958 in St. Geor ge , UT, sealed in the Las Vegas LDS Temple on May 17, 1997. Roy passed a wa y May 7, 1961.
Janis was a great Mother and friend to us, she will be greatly missed. S h e loved to serve and cook for others, and she put a lot of time into pr es enting and preparing delicious dishes to make her guests feel special . Sh e really put her heart into everything she did and was a really har d work er often exceeding the expectations of others. She enjoyed spendin g tim e with family and friends. Her children and grandchildren were he r life . At age 76 she took up piano lessons impressing upon us her desir e to co ntinually learn and improve. She had great faith and loved her Sa vior Jes us Christ and tried to always serve Him. She was looking forwar d to bein g reunited with her husband Roy and those who had passed to th e other sid e but didn't want to leave her loved ones here. She will alwa ys be clos e to our hearts.
Janis is survived by her sons, Stephen Todd Jennings and Chad Wendell (B e verly) Duncan; 10 grandchildren; 2 great-grandchildren; sisters, Gaydr i a Neilson Russell, Linda Kay Neilson (Randy) Wilkinson; sisters-in-law , R uth Neilson & Beverly Neilson. Preceded in death by her husband Roy ; sibl ings, Jay Peter, Wayne Clifford, Isabelle, DeMoin, Clemente, LaVa n "D", B yron Earl, Ray Devar, Jerry, Mary Jean; granddaughter Angela Jen nings.
Funeral services will be held Thursday June 30, 2016 at 6:00 p.m. in t h e Eagle Mountain West Stake Center (1330 E Ira Hodges, Eagle Mountain , UT ) with a visitation from 4:00 5:30 p.m. prior to services at the chu rch a nd Friday July 1, 2016 at 1:00 p.m. in the St. George 16th LDS War d Chape l (550 E 700 S, St. George, UT) with a visitation from 11:00 a.m . to 12:3 0 p.m. prior to services at the church. Interment in the St. Ge orge Cemet ery (700 E. Tabernacle). Online condolence rasmussenmortuary.c om
Published in The Spectrum & Daily News on July 1, 2016 | Neilson, Janis (I147000)
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Japheth was the eldest son of Noah, and his descendents were despersed o v er the European coasts of the Mediterranean and districts adjoining th e B lack and Caspian Seas, forming what is now called the Indo-European F amil y of Nations. He had fifteen sons, dividing his share of Europe an d Ais a among them. | Japheth (I15221)
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Jeannette was a person that if you met her once, you would never forge t h er. She had 1 Child, Lori, 4 grandchildren - Alycia, Sheldon, Jame s & Tho mas. She also had 2 greatchildren when she died, Brandon and AJ. | Davis, Jeannette (I84138)
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Jechoniah and his brethern were born about the time the Jews were carri e d away into Babylon.
1st Chapter of Matthew | Jechonias (I15434)
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| 1217 |
Jefferson Finis Davis, the first and only President of the Confederate S t ates of America, was a planter, politician and soldier born in Kentuck y a nd raised in Mississippi. Davis was the tenth and youngest child of R evol utionary War soldier Samuel Davis and his wife Jane Cook Davis (Fini s i n Latin means final—the couple wanted no more children after Jefferso n) . Born June 3, 1808, he was heavily influenced by his oldest brother , Jos eph, who saw to it that he was well educated. Davis attended colleg e in K entucky at Transylvania before entering the U.S. Military Academ y at Wes t Point in 1824.
As a military cadet, Davis’ performance was only adequate. When he gradu a ted in 1828 he placed twenty-third in a class of thirty-four. He wen t o n to serve briefly in the Black Hawk War in 1832. While stationed und er C olonel Zachary Taylor (future President of the United States) the fo llowi ng year, he met the colonel’s daughter, Sarah. Jefferson Davis marr ied he r in 1835 against her father’s wishes. Sadly, the couple came dow n with b ad cases of malaria only three months after the wedding, and th e young br ide died.
Jefferson Davis led a secluded life for the next eight years on his cott o n plantation at Davis Bend, Mississippi. A slaveholder, Davis firmly be li eved in the importance of the institution of slavery for the South. I n 18 45 he married his second wife, Varina Howell, a young woman eightee n year s old. Jefferson and Varina Davis eventually had six children—tw o girls a nd four boys—but only their daughters lived into adulthood.
In the same year, 1845, Mississippi sent Davis to the U.S. House of Repr e sentatives. His Congressional term was short, however. He resigned in J un e 1846 to fight in the Mexican War where he led his troops valiantly a t t he battles of Monterrey and Buena Vista. He was offered a promotion t o br igadier general in 1847 but refused it when he was elected to the U. S. Se nate.
In 1853, President Franklin Pierce appointed Davis U.S. Secretary of W a r where he served with distinction and was recognized as one of the mo s t capable administrators to hold the office. In 1857, Davis returned t o t he Senate as a vocal proponent of states rights. He formally withdre w fro m the U.S. Senate on January 21, 1861 after Mississippi seceded fro m th e Union.
One month later, the Confederate Congress in Montgomery, Alabama select e d Jefferson Finis Davis to become the provisional President of the Conf ed eracy. He was inaugurated for a six-year term as President on Februar y 2 2 of the following year. Davis’ appointment was largely political; h e wa s a compromise candidate chosen to appease both the moderate and rad ica l factions in the Congress. Davis, however, did not want the job. H e ha d hoped for a military command.
Initially, Davis was a popular President with the Southern people. He h a d a dignified bearing, a distinguished military record, extensive exper ie nce in political affairs, and—most importantly—a dedication to the Con fed erate cause. Unfortunately for Davis, these attributes were not enoug h t o triumph over the harsh challenges posed by his new position. His ea rl y popularity was a result of war fervor and he did not have the person ali ty necessary to sustain it. He was impatient with people who disagree d wi th him, and he had the unfortunate habit of awarding prominent post s to l eaders who appeared unsuccessful. Davis’ loyalty to these people l ed to b ickering and quarrels throughout his administration. In addition , he wa s plagued by chronic illness.
Davis’ popularity and effectiveness were not enhanced by the growing num b ers of Confederate defeats in the latter years of the War. On April 2 , 18 65, he and the other members of the Confederate government were forc ed t o flee from Richmond before the advancing Union Army. The Confederat e Pre sident was captured by Northern soldiers near Irwinville, Georgia o n Ma y 10, 1865.
Jefferson Davis was imprisoned at Fort Monroe, Virginia for two years . H e was never tried for treason, but was released on bond in May 1867 . Afte r being released, Davis and his family traveled for some time in E urope b efore returning to the American South. They first took up residen ce in Te nnessee then relocated to the Mississippi gulf coast where Davi s lived ou t his retirement years at an estate called Beauvoir near Bilox i. Mississi ppi tried to return him to the U.S. Senate, but he was not le gally qualif ied to serve since he refused to request an official pardo n from the Unit ed States for his role in the Civil War. Like many of hi s contemporaries , Davis wrote about his wartime experiences. Entitled Th e Rise and Fall o f the Confederate Government (vol 1, vol 2), his two-vo lume book was publ ished in 1881.
Jefferson Finis Davis died in New Orleans, Louisiana on December 6, 188 9 . The year before his death the former President of the Confederate Sta te s of America beseeched the young men of Mississippi to “lay aside al l ran cor, all bitter sectional feeling, and to make your places in the r anks o f those who will bring about a consummation devoutly to be wished— a reuni ted country.” | Davis, Jefferson Finis (I92628)
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| 1218 |
Jennie's children, William and Carrie took on the last name of her new h u sband, James H Logan, whom she married in 1874. According to the 1885 N eb raska Census, Jennie was born in New York in 1852. Albert Saxey has he r b eing born in Woodstock Michigan in 1847. | Powers, Jennie Eliza (I121759)
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| 1219 |
Jens Peter Andreasen was called at age 51 to return to Scandinavia o n a m ission. He had been born in Bornholm. He was set apart on August 28 , 1891 . He was called from Eden, Weber, Utah, United States and set apar t by Jo hn H Smith.
"One Sunday, in the year 1888, as my father and mother were taking us ho m e from Sunday School, he stopped the carriage in front of a tent a phot og rapher had set up for a few days there in Eden, Utah, and had our pict ure s taken. My youngest sister, Emma, then five years old, sat for the p ictu re on a little chair in front center between father and mother, als o seat ed on chairs. She had her little doll sitting beside her on the fl oor. M y father's name was Jens Peter Andreasen while my mother's name wa s Ingeb orge Catherine Mouritzen. In the rear of father and mother stoo d the othe r four children, I, Veta Elfreda Patra, then eleven years old , stood on t he right of my father with my hand on his right shoulder, wh ile my brothe rs, Charles Jensen, (the only child by my mother's first hu sband Frantz J ensen) and Anthon Andreasen stood on my left with my siste r Inga Catherin e on their left. The suit my father was wearing was mad e by hand by my mo ther. She owned one pair of scissors, one thimble an d two needles. Always , while she was sewing, she would sing the song tha t went like this: "Tom orrow the sun may be shining although it is cloud y today. Why worry or fr et, complaining, there will be a way open if yo u will." Father was abou t 48 1/2 years old when this picture was taken . He was the ward clerk an d president of his priesthood quorum. He woul d read out loud to my mothe r every night. Mother was 46 1/2 years old. S he made the dress she was we aring by hand. She was the secretary of th e Relief Society of the L.D.S . Church in the Town of Eden and took car e of music. Her voice had a perf ect pitch. When I was fourteen years o f age I was the organist. Anthon, t hen 12 1/2 years old, later went to W eber college (Acadamy) in Ogden, Uta h, and filled a mission to Denmark w hen he was 24 years of age. The dres s I was wearing was made by Rozell a Ferrin Larkin's mother, Mrs. Moroni F errin, while the dress my 7 1/2 y ear old sister Catherine was wearing, a s well as the one my five year ol d sister Emma was wearing was made by m y mother."
When my brother, Charles Jensen, was twenty-one years old, he left hom e f or Nevada, where he drove a stage coach from Wells to Elko, carried t he m ail, using four horses on the coach. He was a wonderful person wit h horse s. Later he married Bertha, Rudolph Klinkie's sister, whom he los t at th e birth of her second child. Her first child was named Alma Jense n (Murph y - John) She was my daughter Mary's age. She lives one hundre d miles sou th of Wells, Nevada, in a town named Arthur. One year after t he family pi cture was taken, Jens Peter Andreasen, my father, went to De nmark on a tw o year mission. While on his mission my mother became ver y ill with an ab scess on her chest. We three sisters sat up all night ta king turns in tre ating of the abscess with oatmeal poultices and seein g to it that she go t good food. She was bed-ridden for two months. Old A dam Peterson came ov er three or four times during that winter with a bas ket of delicious food . My brother Anthon was about fourteen and one-hal f years old and it wa s my responsibility to help him with the milking. "
By Elfreyda Andreasen Malan | Andreasen, Jens Peter (I21777)
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| 1220 |
Jerald Dean Anderson, weighing only 5 lbs, was born 15 June 1933 to DeWa y ne Nathan and Maggie Josephine (Smith) Anderson at the home of his gran dp arents, Victor and Maggie Smith in View, Cassia, Idaho. In 1936 DeWayn e m oved his family to Woodland California. In March 1938, the Anderson f amil y moved back to Declo, Idaho. Jerald was baptized in The Church of J esu s Christ of Latter-Day Saints on 27 July 1941 in a canal. Jerald sai d th e water was cold and the current was moving quickly. His father hel d hi s hand and he felt the spirit. The Anderson family was sealed togeth er i n the Logan Temple on 26 November, 1941. At a church dance, on 17 Au gus t 1950, Jerald met Loraine Andreasen. They dated for 2 years and wer e mar ried in the Idaho Falls Temple on 16 July 1952. While attending Ric ks Col lege, (now BYU-Idaho), Jerald was drafted into the military. He wa s stati oned in Columbus Ohio, where DeLayne and Deanne were born. Jeral d was dis charged from the army in 1955 and drove across the country in w inter weat her with a 2 year old and a 10 day old packed in a car with al l of thei r belongings back to Idaho. Jerald worked as a clerk, treasure r and meteo rologist for the Burley Irrigation District. Jerald and Lorai ne purchase d the land where the old View Church had stood and had a hous e moved to t he land. Their 3rd child, Gary joined the family. Jerald att ended night s chool at the Albion College studying accounting and financi al practices . Their 4th child, Lola was born in 1958, and their 5th chil d, Jeff, join ed the family in 1960. Jerald began working for Intermounta in Health Car e in 1965 at the Burley Hospital and Medical Center as acco untant, assist ant administrator and CEO. He worked for over 27 years the re before retir ing. His beloved wife of 28 years, died in July 1980. H e later met and ma rried Bonnie Rae Hull on 25 June 1982. Jerald served f aithfully in many c hurch callings, including Scout Master, Sunday Schoo l President, Financia l Clerk for several bishoprics, and a member of th e Stake High Counsel. A fter a long struggle with cancer, Jerald died a t the age of 75 on 21 Dece mber 2008 at his home in Provo, Utah. | Anderson, Jerald Dean (I21801)
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| 1221 |
Jeremiah & Ann were married by Ebenezer Slocum, Justice. Arnold's transc r iption of the marriage entry identifies Ann as "of Philip."
He was a blacksmith and gunsmith who lived principally in Coventry, thou g hhe tried to move to Foster in the mid-1780s. One source says he was th eb rother of Stephen and Esek Hopkins | Hopkins, Jeremiah (I26876)
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| 1222 |
JESSE HUNTSMAN GILES
FROM HIS DIARY
Jesse Huntsman Giles was born Dec. 31, 1868, in Holden, Utah; son of Jo s eph Sinkler and Sarah Huntsman Giles. His father had been in Johnston’ s A rmy as a surgeon, and later joined the Mormon Church.
The father, Joseph Sinkler Giles also taught school in Holden. Jesse we n t to the first grade of school in Holden. Later he came to Fillmore t o at tend the Millard Academy, taught by Alma and Joshua Greenwood, two g radua tes from the Brigham Young Academy.
Since Jesse and his sister had to come to Fillmore to attend the Milla r d Academy, the father, Joseph Sinkler decided to move to Fillmore.
The Giles family rented the home of William Goulter, which was just a li t tle over a block from the Abraham Carling family home. Jesse Giles an d Em eline Carling walked to school together and studied together, and so on th ey were deciding on a wedding day.
Emeline was born September 15, 1870, the daughter of Abraham Freer an d A nn Ashman Carling. She and Jesse were married in the Manti Temple Aug us t 27, 1890, by Anthony H. Lund.
Jesse and Emeline moved their few belongings to Oak Creek where Jesse b e gan teaching school the first week in September. It was lonely for Emel in e with Jesse in school all day, but she managed to get to Fillmore o n a f ew visits when some one from Oak Creek went to Fillmore to get a lo ad o f grain ground into flour. The first child of Jesse and Emeline wa s bor n Sept. 4, 1891, whom they named Hazel.
When school closed they moved to Fillmore, and Jesse herded sheep for S a m Bennett of Holden. Jesse enjoyed herding sheep as he had plenty of ti m e to read and study. Jesse spent his extra time getting an education wh il e herding sheep. The sheep took very little of Jesse’s time except a t lam bing time when the bobcats ate the little lambs, unless the herde r kept c lose watch on the mother sheep and her lambs. Jesse always had s everal sh eep dogs, which were trained to kill bobcats.
That fall, Jesse went to Leamington to teach school. Richard Russell al s o taught near Leamington therefore, he rode back and forth to and fro m Fi llmore with Jesse and Emeline. John Kelly, a very prominent educato r in M illard County was chairman of the Board of Education. On January 2 7, 1893 , a second daughter was born to Jesse and Emeline, and they name d her Ann ie Lee.
Although Jesse was a schoolteacher most of the time. He was also an exc e llent mechanic and electrician. He installed the electrical wiring fo r ma ny of the homes in Fillmore. His son Herbert worked with him some o f th e time. Herbert was a mechanic, contractor and carpenter.
Jesse taught school at Fillmore, Beaver, Minerville, and St. John in To o le County. He and Emeline were blessed with nine children. We have alre ad y named two of them; Hazel and Annie Lee both born in Fillmore. The ot he r seven are as follows: Maggie, born Dec. 9, 1895, in Fillmore: Herber t , born Feb. 23, 1898, in Fillmore; Valeta, born May 22, 1901, in Salin a , Utah; Robert Carling, born Feb. 23, 1903, in Fillmore ;
Forest LeRoy, born July 7, 1906, in Fillmore, Utah; Roma, born June 29 , 1 909, Fillmore; Joseph, born July 21, 1911. Emeline died following th e bir th of her ninth baby, July 21, 1911 and is buried in the Fillmore c emeter y. Jesse was working in the Lehi Roller Mills when his wife Emelin e died . He immediately moved back to Fillmore, with his family, as he ha d live d here most of his life.
In 1919 he moved to Ogden where he met and married Alice Rogers. He ser v ed a two-year mission for the Mormon Church from 1927-28 to the Easter n S tates.
Jesse and his second wife Alice Rogers Giles adopted two girls and rais e d them as their own. Jesse died November 21, 1954 and is buried besid e hi s two wives in the Fillmore Cemetery.
pr | Giles, Jesse Huntsman (I238)
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| 1223 |
Jesse Nathaniel Smith was born December 2, 1834 in Stockholm, New York , s on of Silas and Mary Aikens Smith. Jesse was a first cousin to the Pr ophe t Joseph Smith. Jesse arrived at Far West, Missouri just as the Sai nts w ere leaving. He saw the erection of the Nauvoo temple, and the Nau voo ex odus. His father died when he was just three months shy of turnin g five y ears old.
Jesse crossed the plains to the Salt Lake Valley in 1847 with the Morm o n pioneers. He was called to help colonize Parowan in 1851, he acte d a s a scout and surveyor for Church colony sites in southern Utah. He s erve d as city clerk, city councilman, mayor, and city magistrate of Paro wan , district attorney of Iron County, Captain in the militia, a membe r of t he Utah Territorial Legislature, and a member of the Parowan Stak e presid ency—all before he had reached the age of twenty-six .
In 1860, he was called on a mission to Denmark. He later presided over t h e Scandinavian Mission (and was to preside over it a second time stil l la ter in life). Though always faithful in serving the Lord, Jesse N. w as no t without trials. Upon returning from his first service as Missio n Presid ent, when three weeks from home, he wrote, “Bread stuffs were sc arce an d I started for home with a very scanty supply of provisions, n o grain fo r my poor horses, and no money to buy with, however, my hope s were high w ith thoughts of home. I Reached Provo in process of time , but called o n no one for the scarcity was felt in nearly every house .
As I was slowly wending my way through the wide lane southeast of tow n , I met Brother Soren Christoffersen of Manti with several teams. “H e ex pressed the liveliest pleasure at seeing me and said he remembere d a tur n I had done him in collecting and forwarding to him from Denmar k about 2 400 Rdlr. As Brother Sorn thrust his hand in his pocket, vision s of dinne rs for myself and grain for my poor horses, flitted before m y imagination , but alas for the unreality of my dream, he withdrew his h and slowly an d sadly from his pocket, remarking that he had heavy purcha ses to make i n the city of a threshing machine and other farm machinery , and his expen ses would doubtless be heavy but if I ever came to Mant i and would kindl y call on him in his own home he would do something rig ht handsome for me .”
Jesse N. made it home; upon arriving he had little time to mourn the dea t h of his second wife, who had passed while he was in Scandinavia. Short l y after this he met and married his third wife, Janet Mauretta Johnson.
In Snowflake, Jesse was a farmer, stockman, cooperative mercantile and b a nk organizer, a probate judge, and served in the Arizona Territorial Le gi slature. Widely traveled and self-educated, he amassed a large librar y an d became conversant in five languages. He served the Church in Arizo na a s the first president of the Eastern Arizona Stake from 1879 to 1887 , an d as the first president of the Snowflake Stake from 1887 until hi s deat h June 5, 1906. He was also called to be a patriarch .
Jesse N. Smith served in the Arizona legislature. He was a probate judg e . He was the president of the Scandinavian Mission, headquartered in D en mark, two separate times. He was the mayor of Parowan, Utah. His hom e t here has been restored and is open for tours. Jesse was a first cousi n t o Joseph Smith and George Albert Smith, presidents of the LDS church . Je sse served as stake president of the Eastern Arizona Stake in 1878.
-- The Life Summary of Jesse Nathaniel Smith Sr: When Jesse Nathanie l S mith Sr. was born on 2 December 1834, in Stockholm, St. Lawrence, Ne w Yor k, United States, his father, Silas Smith, was 55 and his mother, M ary Ai kens, was 37. Jesse married Emma Seraphine West on 13 May 1852, i n Parowa n, Iron, Utah, United States. Jesse and Emma were the parents o f at leas t 4 sons and 5 daughters. Jesse lived in Snowflake, Apache, Ar izona Terr itory, United States in 1880 and Snowflake, Navajo, Arizona, U nited State s in 1900. Jesse registered for military service in 1905. J esse Nathani el Smith Sr. died on 5 June 1906, in Snowflake, Navajo, Ariz ona Territory , United States, at the age of 71, and was buried in R V Mi ke Ramsay Memo rial Cemetery, Snowflake, Navajo, Arizona, United States.
-- Arlene Palmer Smith | Smith, Jesse Nathaniel (I51184)
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| 1224 |
Jessie Kathleen Pettit born to Jessie Ann and William Arthur Pettit o n 1 7 February 1888 in Landport Hants, England.
When Kathleen was a baby she was almost kidnapped. The nurse that took c a re of Kathleen left her with a stranger while the nurse went to a stor e c lose by to pick up some oranges. Suddenly she remembered that she wa s no t to leave the baby with a stranger and rushed out of the store in t ime t o see the woman rushing off with the baby in the buggy. The nurse r ecover ed the child and hurried home. It was later found out that this wo man wa s one of an organized gang who made it a business of kidnapping ch ildren , especially those who were well-dressed. They would strip the bab ies, se ll their clothing and buggy, and then destroy the child. Kathlee n remembe rs as a little girl that ironing and mending days were happy on es, whil e her mother worked, she would sit on a high stool by her side a nd liste n with rapt attention to her mother's numerous stories of when s he wa s a little girl in England. It sounded like a story of fairyland. | Pettit, Jessie Kathleen (I42119)
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| 1225 |
At least one living or private individual is linked to this note - Details withheld. | Living (I168973)
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| 1226 |
Joan attended the Bridport, Dorsetshire, England conference. She was c u t off on May 18, 1857. | Stevens, Joan Cousins (I670)
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| 1227 |
Johana, son of Joiada, was the fifth high priest after the rebuildin g o f the temple in Jerusalem by the Jews who had returned from the Babyl onia n captivity. His reign is estimated to have been from c. 410-371 BCE ; h e was succeeded by his son Jaddua. | Johanan (I15183)
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| 1228 |
John Bolles was the son of Thomas Bolles and Zipporah Wheeler .
He was an infant when "he was the only one to survive the axe murder o f h is mother and brother Joseph and sister Mary, by 16-year-old John Sto ddar d, the axe murderer," said Jerry Hawley.
This is discussed in Genealogy of the Bolles Family in America by Joh n A . Bolles (Boston: Dutton & Son, 1865), pp. 5-9.
"Surviving Tragedy: The Resilient Bolles Family," by Carol Sommer, Jun e 5 , 2016:
"John Bolles grew up believing that God had spared him for a purpose . A n outspoken advocate for religious freedom, he became influential i n th e Rogerene religious movement which opposed the rigid control of th e Puri tan church. The Rogerenes often expressed their views by deliberat ely dis rupting worship services and breaking the Sabbath. John endured s everal i mprisonments and at least one public whipping for living his fai th.
"Despite these trials John lived to be a 90-year-old man, married twic e , and fathered 14 children. In 1735 he built a farmhouse that still sta nd s on the Connecticut College campus. Bolles property at one time stret che d from there all the way into Quaker Hill; Bolles Avenue near Riversi de P ark suggests that their extensive land holdings stretched in that di recti on too."
John Bolles married Sarah Edgecomb on 3 July 1699 at New London, Connect i cut.
John Bolles married Elizabeth Wood (2nd wife) on May 26, 1736 in Groto n , New London, Conneticut.
He was said to be buried in the Ancient Cemetery at New London.
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/99294121/john-bolles | Bolles, John (I112316)
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| 1229 |
John Brockbank Bushnell was born August 23rd 1856 to John and Elizabet h B ushnell in Fillmore, Utah. He was the oldest child of 8 children.
At the age of 20, in 1876, he graduated from the University of Utah a s o ne of the first graduates, receiving a normal certificate of educatio n. H e then taught school in Meadow from 1876 to 1880. He sent three of h is so ns on foreign missions. Soon after his marriage he and his wife mov ed t o Kanosh and managed the new Co-op store. In 1884 they moved back t o Mead ow and went into the farming sheep and cattle business.
At the age of 24, John married Francis Elizabeth Ferguson (age 19) on Ja n . 1st 1880, in Fillmore, Utah. They had 8 children (4 boys and 4 girls ) . He sent three of his sons on foreign missions. Soon after his marria g e he and his wife moved to Kanosh and managed the new Co-op store. In 1 88 4, they moved back to Meadow and went into the farming sheep and cattl e b usiness.
Shortly after a stroke, John died at the age of 72, on May 29th, 1928 , i n Meadow, Utah. | Bushnell, John Brockbank (I4762)
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| 1230 |
John Dagbert Whipple was born 27 October 1851 in Parowan, Iron, Utah Ter r itory to Edson and Mary Ann Yeager Whipple. His father had five wives , Ma ry Ann being the second wife. His father joined the Church of Jesu s Chris t of Latter-day Saints on 14 June 1840 at the age of 35. He was f irst mar ried to Lavina Goss on 18 March 1832 in Dummerston, Windham, Ver mont. The y had one child, Maria Blanche was born on 15 February 1845 i n Nauvoo, Ha ncock, Illinois and died 8 December 1846 in Pottawattamie, I owa. Lavina d ied on 13 September 1846 at Pottawattamie, Iowa.
His father came with the Brigham Young Companyin 1847. He then retu r ned and brought his family out with the Wilford Woodruff Company. He w a s 45 years old, his first wife, Mary Ann was 26, and they had one daugh te r, Mary age 1. They departed 16 June 1850 with 172 individuals and 4 4 wa gons in the company which began its journey from the outfitting pos t at K anesville, Iowa (present day Council Bluffs).
In early 1850, Church leaders advised emigrants that pionee r c ompanies would travel on a new route on the south side of the Platt e Rive r. By taking this new route they avoided some river crossings on t he nort h side that had proved dangerous because of high water in the pre vious ye ar. They also expected to receive additional military protectio n on a ne w army supply road. This was a factor in their decision becaus e they want ed to avoid conflict with the Plains Indians, who had been ag itated durin g the 1849 California gold rush. The 200-mile long army roa d connected "O ld Fort Kearny," located 50 miles below Kanesville on th e Missouri River , to "New Fort Kearny"following the south side of the Pl atte River to th e west.
The following is from the summary of the Company: “The company was s o mewhat spread out with the 1st and 2nd Fifties led by Leonard Hardy an d E dson Whipple.Elder Woodruff, traveling with the 1st Fifty, crossed Sa lt C reek on June 28. After leaving Salt Creek they turned west on a cuto ff tr ail(near present-day Swedesburg, Nebraska). All of the companies ex cept A ndrus used this cutoff(which passed near present-day David City an d Bellw ood, Nebraska). This cutoff trail, which bypassed the Cottonwood/ Wahoo Cr eek drainage, saved them 12 miles.On this short cut route, the y reached t he Platte about 20 miles west of the regular route taken earl ier by Andru s. During this early leg of the journey,a number of people d ied from chol era. The two divisions reunited on July 7 on the Platte.
They followed the south bank of the Platte River a hundred miles we s t past Grand Island, where they joined with the Oregon Trail coming nor t h from Missouri. At this juncture they continued 15 more miles to "Ne w Fo rt Kearny", which they reached on July 15, although army reserved gr azin g rights and companies weren't permitted to camp within a mile of th e for t. On this day they were visited by a tremendous thunderstorm, an d lightn ing killed three oxen and one member of the company. They contin ued up th e south side and miraculously escaped any serious accident or w agon break age during an exciting wagon stampede on July 30. The next da y they reach ed the Upper Crossing of the South Platte (located about thr ee miles wes t of present-day Brule, Nebraska).
From Ash Hollow they traveled up the Platte River, arriving at Fo r t Laramie on August 18. Leaving there, they skirted the Black Hills b y ta king the river road. They were delayed some days looking for lost ca ttl e but reached the Upper Crossing (at present-day Casper,Wyoming) on S epte mber 3. Along much of the road west from Fort Laramie until they rea che d the Sweetwater, they found little grass,which caused their cattle t o wa nder and slowed their pace.
They reached Devil's Gate on September 8. On September 14 th e y by passed the established road over the Rocky Ridges by veering to t h e north through a draw.This variant road, scouted out by J.A. Stratto n an d three other men who were sent out by Brigham Young to locate bette r rou tes and help guide the companies to the Salt Lake Valley, it report edly h ad an abundance of feed and water.Unfortunately, Elder Woodruff fo und n o feed or water and said that companies should not take that road.
They rejoined the established road just east of Rock Creek. O n e day west of South Pass they met with a war party of 500 Snake Indian s , but were able to avoid conflict. They crossed the Green River on Sept em ber 23 and reached Fort Bridger on September 27. Some in the 1st Fift y be gan murmuring, Elder Woodruff advised that division to move on ahea d of t hem to the valley. Woodruff's Fifty found the road very rough betw een Bi g and Little Mountain but reached Salt Lake on October 14 1850. De aths i n the company numbered at least 17, many from cholera.”
His family settled in Provo, Utah, Utah Territory. Edson h a d five wives. Harriet and Mary Ann were sisters and were married to h i m on the same day on 4 November 1850 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Uta h T erritory.
Mary Ann and Edson had five children, two girls and three boys. Jo h n Dagbert was born on 27 October 1851 in Parowan, Iron, Utah Territory . T he rest of the children were born in Provo, Utah, Utah Territory. Wil lia m Mickle was born 12 March 1854; Joseph was born 8 December 1856 an d die d the same day;Mary Ann was born 4 March 1859; and Laura was born 2 3 Sept ember 1861.
John was baptized into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Sain t s on 21 May 1860 at the age of eight. He received his endowments on 2 6 Ja nuary in the Endowment House in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah Terr itor y at the age of 17. He first married Caroline Monroe Wallace on 25 F ebrua ry 1881 in the St. George Temple in St. George,Washington, Utah Ter ritory . She was 24 years old and he was 29. She died on 27 November 188 2 at th e age of 26.
He then married Sabina Clark Adams on 11 February 1886 in the Loga n T emple, Logan, Cache, Utah Territory. She was born 19 August 1865 in A meri can Fork, Utah, Utah Territory. She was 20 years old and he was 34 . The y had one child, Oliver Dagbert born on 12 November 1886 and he die d on 2 7 February 1889. Sabina died on 7 December 1887 at theage of 22 an d was b uried in Provo, Utah, Utah Territory.
He married Charity Melissa Adams on 12 September 1888 in the MantiTe m ple in Manti, Sanpete, Utah Territory. She was born 25 December 1868 i n A merican Fork, Utah, Utah Territory to Joshua and Lydia Meacham Thorto n Ad ams. She was 19 years old and he was 36.
They had two boys, both born in Aurora, Sevier, Utah Territory. Raym o nd Homer was born 31 August 1889 and Vivian Earl was born 5 February 18 91 .
He died on 28 March 1898 in Provo, Utah, Utah at the age of 46 and w a s buried in June 1898 in the Delco Cemetery, Delco, Cassia, Idaho.
Charity went on to marry Erastus Brigham Anderson and they had thr e e boys,all born in Aurora, Sevier, Utah.
Charity died on 30 January 1964 in Dexter, Lane, Oregon at the ag e o f 95. She was buried on 4 February 1964 in Delco, Cassia, Idaho. | Whipple, John Dagbert (I50403)
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John F. Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States (1961-1963 ) , the youngest man elected to the office. On November 22, 1963, when h e w as hardly past his first thousand days in office, JFK was assassinate d i n Dallas, Texas, becoming also the youngest President to die.
On November 22, 1963, when he was hardly past his first thousand day s i n office, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was killed by an assassin’s bullet s a s his motorcade wound through Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was the younges t ma n elected President; he was the youngest to die.
Of Irish descent, he was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, on May 29, 19 1 7. Graduating from Harvard in 1940, he entered the Navy. In 1943, whe n hi s PT boat was rammed and sunk by a Japanese destroyer, Kennedy, desp ite g rave injuries, led the survivors through perilous waters to safety.
Back from the war, he became a Democratic Congressman from the Boston ar e a, advancing in 1953 to the Senate. He married Jacqueline Bouvier on Se pt ember 12, 1953. In 1955, while recuperating from a back operation, h e wro te Profiles in Courage, which won the Pulitzer Prize in history.
In 1956 Kennedy almost gained the Democratic nomination for Vice Preside n t, and four years later was a first-ballot nominee for President. Milli on s watched his television debates with the Republican candidate, Richar d M . Nixon. Winning by a narrow margin in the popular vote, Kennedy beca me t he first Roman Catholic President.
His Inaugural Address offered the memorable injunction: “Ask not what yo u r country can do for you–ask what you can do for your country.” As Pres id ent, he set out to redeem his campaign pledge to get America moving ag ain . His economic programs launched the country on its longest sustaine d exp ansion since World War II; before his death, he laid plans for a ma ssiv e assault on persisting pockets of privation and poverty.
Responding to ever more urgent demands, he took vigorous action in the c a use of equal rights, calling for new civil rights legislation. His visi o n of America extended to the quality of the national culture and the ce nt ral role of the arts in a vital society.
He wished America to resume its old mission as the first nation dedicat e d to the revolution of human rights. With the Alliance for Progress an d t he Peace Corps, he brought American idealism to the aid of developin g nat ions. But the hard reality of the Communist challenge remained.
Shortly after his inauguration, Kennedy permitted a band of Cuban exile s , already armed and trained, to invade their homeland. The attempt to o ve rthrow the regime of Fidel Castro was a failure. Soon thereafter, th e Sov iet Union renewed its campaign against West Berlin. Kennedy replie d by re inforcing the Berlin garrison and increasing the Nation’s militar y streng th, including new efforts in outer space. Confronted by this rea ction, Mo scow, after the erection of the Berlin Wall, relaxed its pressu re in cent ral Europe.
Instead, the Russians now sought to install nuclear missiles in Cuba. Wh e n this was discovered by air reconnaissance in October 1962, Kennedy im po sed a quarantine on all offensive weapons bound for Cuba. While the wo rl d trembled on the brink of nuclear war, the Russians backed down and a gre ed to take the missiles away. The American response to the Cuban cris is e vidently persuaded Moscow of the futility of nuclear blackmail.
Kennedy now contended that both sides had a vital interest in stopping t h e spread of nuclear weapons and slowing the arms race–a contention whi c h led to the test ban treaty of 1963. The months after the Cuban crisi s s howed significant progress toward his goal of “a world of law and fre e ch oice, banishing the world of war and coercion.” His administration t hus s aw the beginning of new hope for both the equal rights of American s and t he peace of the world. | Kennedy, President John Fitzgerald (I168329)
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John II Komnenos or Comnenus (13 September 1087 – 8 April 1143) was Byza n tine Emperor from 1118 to 1143. Also known as "John the Beautiful" or " Jo hn the Good" (Kaloïoannes), he was the eldest son of Emperor Alexio s I Ko mnenos and Irene Doukaina and the second emperor to rule during th e Komne nian restoration of the Byzantine Empire. John was a pious and de dicate d monarch who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suf fered f ollowing the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier.
John has been assessed as the greatest of the Komnenian emperors. In t h e course of his twenty-five year reign, John made alliances with the Ho l y Roman Empire in the west, decisively defeated the Pechenegs, Hungaria n s and Serbs in the Balkans, and personally led numerous campaigns again s t the Turks in Asia Minor. John's campaigns fundamentally changed the b al ance of power in the east, forcing the Turks onto the defensive and re sto ring to the Byzantines many towns, fortresses and cities right acros s th e peninsula. In the southeast, John extended Byzantine control fro m the M aeander in the west all the way to Cilicia and Tarsus in the east . In a n effort to demonstrate the Byzantine ideal of the emperor's rol e as th e leader of the Christian world, John marched into Muslim Syria a t the he ad of the combined forces of Byzantium and the Crusader states ; yet despi te the great vigour with which he pressed the campaign, John' s hopes wer e disappointed by the evasiveness of his Crusader allies an d their reluct ance to fight alongside his forces. Also under John, the e mpire's populat ion recovered to about 10 million people.
Unfortunately, John's reign is less well recorded by contemporary or nea r -contemporary writers than those of either his father, Alexios I, or h i s son, Manuel I. In particular little is known of the history of John' s d omestic rule or policies. | Komnenos, John II Emperor of the Byzantine Empire (I8093)
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John Knox (c. 1514 – 24 November 1572) was a Scottish minister, theologi a n, and writer who was a leader of the country's Reformation. He was th e f ounder of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland.
Born in Giffordgate, Knox is believed to have been educated at the Unive r sity of St Andrews and worked as a notary-priest. Influenced by early c hu rch reformers such as George Wishart, he joined the movement to refor m th e Scottish church. He was caught up in the ecclesiastical and politi cal e vents that involved the murder of Cardinal David Beaton in 1546 an d the i ntervention of the regent Mary of Guise. He was taken prisoner b y Frenc h forces the following year and exiled to England on his releas e in 1549.
While in exile, Knox was licensed to work in the Church of England, whe r e he rose in the ranks to serve King Edward VI of England as a royal ch ap lain. He exerted a reforming influence on the text of the Book of Comm o n Prayer. In England, he met and married his first wife, Margery Bowes . W hen Mary I ascended the throne of England and re-established Roman Ca thol icism, Knox was forced to resign his position and leave the country . Kno x moved to Geneva and then to Frankfurt. In Geneva, he met John Cal vin, f rom whom he gained experience and knowledge of Reformed theology a nd Pres byterian polity. He created a new order of service, which was eve ntuall y adopted by the reformed church in Scotland. He left Geneva to he ad th e English refugee church in Frankfurt but he was forced to leave ov er dif ferences concerning the liturgy, thus ending his association wit h the Chu rch of England.
On his return to Scotland, Knox led the Protestant Reformation in Scotla n d, in partnership with the Scottish Protestant nobility. The movement m a y be seen as a revolution, since it led to the ousting of Mary of Guis e , who governed the country in the name of her young daughter Mary, Que e n of Scots. Knox helped write the new confession of faith and the eccle si astical order for the newly created reformed church, the Kirk. He cont inu ed to serve as the religious leader of the Protestants throughout Mar y' s reign. In several interviews with the Queen, Knox admonished her fo r su pporting Catholic practices. When she was imprisoned for her allege d rol e in the murder of her husband Lord Darnley and King James VI was e nthron ed in her stead, Knox openly called for her execution. He continue d to pr each until his final days.
Early life, 1505–1546
John Knox was born sometime between 1505 and 1515[1] in or near Haddingt o n, the county town of East Lothian.[2] His father, William Knox, wa s a me rchant.[3] All that is known of his mother is that her maiden nam e was Si nclair and that she died when John Knox was a child.[4] Their el dest son , William, carried on his father's business, which helped in Kno x's inter national communications.
Knox was probably educated at the grammar school in Haddington. In thi s t ime, the priesthood was the only path for those whose inclinations we re a cademic rather than mercantile or agricultural.[5] He Preceded to fu rthe r studies at the University of St Andrews or possibly at the Univers ity o f Glasgow. He studied under John Major, one of the greatest scholar s of t he time.[6] Knox was ordained a catholic priest in Edinburgh on Ea ster Ev e of 1536 by William Chisholm, Bishop of Dunblane.
Knox first appears in public records as a priest and a notary in 1540 . H e was still serving in these capacities as late as 1543 when he descr ibe d himself as a "minister of the sacred altar in the diocese of St. An drew s, notary by apostolic authority" in a notarial deed dated 27 March. [8] R ather than taking up parochial duties in a parish, he became tuto r to tw o sons of Hugh Douglas of Longniddry. He also taught the son of J ohn Cock burn of Ormiston. Both of these lairds had embraced the new reli gious ide as of the Reformation.
Embracing the Protestant Reformation, 1546–1547
Knox did not record when or how he was converted to the Protestant faith , [10] but perhaps the key formative influences on Knox were Patrick Hami lt on and George Wishart.[11] Wishart was a reformer who had fled Scotlan d i n 1538 to escape punishment for heresy. He first moved to England, wh er e in Bristol he preached against the veneration of the Virgin Mary. H e wa s forced to make a public recantation and was burned in effigy at th e Chu rch of St Nicholas as a sign of his abjuration. He then took refug e in Ge rmany and Switzerland. While on the Continent, he translated th e First He lvetic Confession into English.[12] He returned to Scotland i n 1544, bu t the timing of his return was unfortunate. In December 1543 , James Hamil ton, Duke of Châtellerault, the appointed regent for the in fant Mary, Que en of Scots, had decided with the Queen Mother, Mary of Gu ise, and Cardin al David Beaton to persecute the Protestant sect that ha d taken root in S cotland.[13] Wishart travelled throughout Scotland prea ching in favour o f the reformation and when he arrived in East Lothian , Knox became one o f his closest associates. Knox acted as his bodyguard , bearing a two-hand ed sword in order to defend him.[14] In December 154 5, Wishart was seize d on Beaton's orders by the Earl of Bothwell and tak en to the Castle of S t Andrews.[15] Knox was present on the night of Wis hart's arrest and wa s prepared to follow him into captivity, but Wishar t persuaded him agains t this course saying, "Nay, return to your bairn s [children] and God bles s you. One is sufficient for a sacrifice."[16 ] Wishart was subsequently p rosecuted by Beaton's Public Accuser of Here tics, Archdeacon John Lauder . On 1 March 1546, he was burnt at the stak e in the presence of Beaton.
Knox had avoided being arrested by Lord Bothwell through Wishart's advi c e to return to tutoring. He took shelter with Douglas in Longniddry.[1 8 ] Several months later he was still in charge of the pupils, the son s o f Douglas and Cockburn, who wearied of moving from place to place whi le b eing pursued. He toyed with the idea of fleeing to Germany and takin g hi s pupils with him. While Knox remained a fugitive, Beaton was murder ed o n 29 May 1546, within his residence, the Castle of St Andrews, b y a gan g of five persons in revenge for Wishart's execution. The assassi ns seize d the castle and eventually their families and friends took refu ge with t hem, about a hundred and fifty men in all. Among their friend s was Henr y Balnaves, a former secretary of state in the government, wh o negotiate d with England for the financial support of the rebels.[19] D ouglas and C ockburn suggested to Knox to take their sons to the relativ e safety of th e castle to continue their instruction in reformed doctrin e, and Knox arr ived at the castle on 10 April 1547.
Knox's powers as a preacher came to the attention of the chaplain of t h e garrison, John Rough. While Rough was preaching in the parish churc h o n the Protestant principle of the popular election of a pastor, he pr opos ed Knox to the congregation for that office. Knox did not relish th e idea . According to his own account, he burst into tears and fled to hi s room . Within a week, however, he was giving his first sermon to a cong regatio n that included his old teacher, John Major.[21] He expounded o n the seve nth chapter of the Book of Daniel, comparing the Pope with th e Antichrist . His sermon was marked by his consideration of the Bible a s his sole aut hority and the doctrine of justification by faith alone, t wo elements tha t would remain in his thoughts throughout the rest of hi s life. A few day s later, a debate was staged that allowed him to lay do wn additional thes es including the rejection of the Mass, Purgatory, an d prayers for the de ad.
Confinement in the French galleys, 1547–1549
John Knox's chaplaincy of the castle garrison was not to last long. Whi l e Hamilton was willing to negotiate with England to stop their suppor t o f the rebels and bring the castle back under his control, Mary of Gui se d ecided that it could be taken only by force and requested the king o f Fra nce, Henry II to intervene.[23] On 29 June 1547, 21 French galley s approa ched St Andrews under the command of Leone Strozzi, prior of Cap ua. The F rench besieged the castle and forced the surrender of the garri son on 3 1 July. The Protestant nobles and others, including Knox, were t aken pris oner and forced to row in the French galleys.[24] The galley sl aves wer e chained to benches and rowed throughout the day without a chan ge of pos ture while an officer watched over them with a whip in hand.[25 ] They sai led to France and navigated up the Seine to Rouen. The nobles , some of wh om would have an impact later in Knox's life such as Willia m Kirkcaldy an d Henry Balnaves, were sent to various castle-prisons in F rance.[26] Kno x and the other galley slaves continued to Nantes and stay ed on the Loir e throughout the winter. They were threatened with tortur e if they did no t give proper signs of reverence when mass was performe d on the ship. Kno x recounted an incident in which one Scot—possibly him self, as he tende d to narrate personal anecdotes in the third person—wa s required to sho w devotion to a picture of the Virgin Mary. The prisone r was told to giv e it a kiss of veneration. He refused and when the pict ure was pushed u p to his face, the prisoner seized the picture and thre w it into the sea , saying, "Let our Lady now save herself: she is ligh t enough: let her le arn to swim."[27] After that, according to Knox, th e Scottish prisoners w ere no longer forced to perform such devotions.
In summer 1548, the galleys returned to Scotland to scout for English sh i ps. Knox's health was now at its lowest point due to the severity of h i s confinement. He was ill with a fever and others on the ship were afra i d for his life. Even in this state, Knox recalled, his mind remained sh ar p and he comforted his fellow prisoners with hopes of release. While t h e ships were lying offshore between St Andrews and Dundee, the spire s o f the parish church where he preached appeared in view. James Balfou r , a fellow prisoner, asked Knox whether he recognised the landmark. H e re plied that he knew it well, recognising the steeple of the place whe re h e first preached and he declared that he would not die until he ha d preac hed there again.
In February 1549, after spending a total of 19 months in the galley-pris o n, Knox was released. It is uncertain how he obtained his liberty.[30 ] La ter in the year, Henry II arranged with Edward VI of England the rel eas e of all remaining Castilian prisoners.
Exile in England, 1549–1554
On his release, Knox took refuge in England. The Reformation in Englan d w as a less radical movement than its Continental counterparts, but the re w as a definite breach with Rome.[32] The Archbishop of Canterbury, Th oma s Cranmer, and the regent of King Edward VI, the Duke of Somerset, we re d ecidedly Protestant-minded. However, much work remained to bring ref orme d ideas to the clergy and to the people.[33] On 7 April 1549, Knox w as li censed to work in the Church of England. His first commission was i n Berw ick-upon-Tweed. He was obliged to use the recently released Book o f Commo n Prayer, which maintained the structure of the Sarum Rite whil e adaptin g the content to the doctrine of the reformed Church of England . Knox, ho wever, modified its use to accord with the doctrinal emphase s of the Cont inental reformers. In the pulpit he preached Protestant doc trines with gr eat effect as his congregation grew.
In England, Knox met his wife, Margery Bowes (died c. 1560). Her fathe r , Richard Bowes (died 1558), was a descendant of an old Durham family a n d her mother, Elizabeth Aske, was an heiress of a Yorkshire family, th e A skes of Richmondshire.[35][36] Elizabeth Bowes presumably met Knox wh en h e was employed in Berwick. Several letters reveal a close friendshi p betw een them.[37] It is not recorded when Knox married Margery Bowes.[ 38] Kno x attempted to obtain the consent of the Bowes family, but her fa ther an d her brother Robert Bowes were opposed to the marriage.
Towards the end of 1550, Knox was appointed a preacher of St Nicholas' C h urch in Newcastle upon Tyne. The following year he was appointed one o f t he six royal chaplains serving the King. On 16 October 1551, John Dud ley , 1st Duke of Northumberland, overthrew the Duke of Somerset to becom e th e new regent of the young King. Knox condemned the coup d'état i n a sermo n on All Saints Day. When Dudley visited Newcastle and listene d to his pr eaching in June 1552, he had mixed feelings about the fire-br and preacher , but he saw Knox as a potential asset. Knox was asked to co me to Londo n to preach before the Court. In his first sermon, he advocat ed a chang e for the second edition of the Book of Common Prayer. The lit urgy requir ed worshippers to kneel during communion. Knox and the othe r chaplains co nsidered this to be idolatry. It triggered a debate wher e Archbishop Cran mer was called upon to defend the practice. The end res ult was a compromi se in which the famous Black Rubric, which declared th at no adoration i s intended while kneeling, was included in the second e dition.
Soon afterwards, Dudley, who saw Knox as a useful political tool, offer e d him the bishopric of Rochester. Knox refused, and he returned to Newc as tle.[41] On 2 February 1553 Cranmer was ordered to appoint Knox as vic a r of All Hallows, Bread Street in London, placing him under the authori t y of the Bishop of London, Nicholas Ridley. Knox returned to London i n or der to deliver a sermon before the King and the Court during Lent an d h e again refused to take the assigned post. Knox was then told to prea ch i n Buckinghamshire and he remained there until Edward's death on 6 Ju ly.[4 2] Edward's successor, Mary Tudor, re-established Roman Catholicis m in En gland and restored the Mass in all the churches. With the countr y no long er safe for Protestant preachers, Knox left for the Continent i n Januar y 1554 on the advice of friends.[43] On the eve of his flight, h e wrote:
"Sometime I have thought that impossible it had been, so to have remov e d my affection from the realm of Scotland, that any realm or nation cou l d have been equal dear to me. But God I take to record in my conscienc e , that the troubles present (and appearing to be) in the realm of Engla n d are double more dolorous unto my heart than ever were the troubles o f S cotland."
From Geneva to Frankfurt and Scotland, 1554–1556
Knox disembarked in Dieppe, France, and continued to Geneva, where Joh n C alvin had established his authority. When Knox arrived Calvin was i n a di fficult position. He had recently overseen the Company of Pastors , whic h prosecuted charges of heresy against the scholar Michael Servetu s, alth ough Calvin himself was not capable of voting for or against a ci vil pena lty against Servetus.[45] Knox asked Calvin four difficult polit ical ques tions: whether a minor could rule by divine right, whether a fe male coul d rule and transfer sovereignty to her husband, whether peopl e should obe y ungodly or idolatrous rulers, and what party godly person s should follo w if they resisted an idolatrous ruler.[46] Calvin gave ca utious replie s and referred him to the Swiss reformer Heinrich Bullinge r in Zürich. Bu llinger's responses were equally cautious; but Knox had a lready made up h is mind. On 20 July 1554, he published a pamphlet attack ing Mary Tudor an d the bishops who had brought her to the throne.[47] H e also attacked th e Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, calling him "no les s enemy to Christ tha n was Nero".
In a letter dated 24 September 1554, Knox received an invitation fro m a c ongregation of English exiles in Frankfurt to become one of their m iniste rs. He accepted the call with Calvin's blessing. But no sooner ha d he arr ived than he found himself in a conflict. The first set of refug ees to ar rive in Frankfurt had subscribed to a reformed liturgy and use d a modifie d version of the Book of Common Prayer. More recently arrive d refugees, h owever, including Edmund Grindal, the future Archbishop o f Canterbury, fa voured a stricter application of the book. When Knox an d a supporting col league, William Whittingham, wrote to Calvin for advic e, they were told t o avoid contention. Knox therefore agreed on a tempor ary order of servic e based on a compromise between the two sides. This d elicate balance wa s disturbed when a new batch of refugees arrived tha t included Richard Co x, one of the principal authors of the Book of Comm on Prayer. Cox brough t Knox's pamphlet attacking the emperor to the atte ntion of the Frankfur t authorities, who advised that Knox leave. His dep arture from Frankfur t on 26 March 1555 marked his final breach with th e Church of England.
After his return to Geneva, Knox was chosen to be the minister at a ne w p lace of worship petitioned from Calvin. In the meantime, Elizabeth Bo we s wrote to Knox, asking him to return to Margery in Scotland, which h e di d at the end of August.[50] Despite initial doubts about the state o f th e Reformation in Scotland, Knox found the country significantly chan ged s ince he was carried off in the galley in 1547. When he toured vario us par ts of Scotland preaching the reformed doctrines and liturgy, he wa s welco med by many of the nobility including two future regents of Scotl and, th e Earl of Moray and the Earl of Mar.
Though the Queen Regent, Mary of Guise, made no move against Knox, his a c tivities caused concern among the church authorities. The bishops of Sc ot land viewed him as a threat to their authority and summoned him to app ea r in Edinburgh on 15 May 1556. He was accompanied to the trial by so m an y influential persons that the bishops decided to call the hearing off . K nox was now free to preach openly in Edinburgh. William Keith, the Ea rl M arischal, was impressed and urged Knox to write to the Queen Regent . Knox 's unusually respectful letter urged her to support the Reformatio n and o verthrow the church hierarchy. Queen Mary took the letter as a jo ke and i gnored it.
Return to Geneva, 1556–1559
The Auditoire de Calvin where Knox preached while in Geneva, 1556–1558
Shortly after Knox sent the letter to the Queen Regent, he suddenly anno u nced that he felt his duty was to return to Geneva. In the previous ye a r on 1 November 1555, the congregation in Geneva had elected Knox as th ei r minister and he decided to take up the post.[53] He wrote a final le tte r of advice to his supporters and left Scotland with his wife and mot her- in-law. He arrived in Geneva on 13 September 1556.
For the next two years, he lived a happy life in Geneva. He recommende d G eneva to his friends in England as the best place of asylum for Prote stan ts. In one letter he wrote:
"I neither fear nor eschame to say, is the most perfect school of Chri s t that ever was in the earth since the days of the apostles. In other p la ces I confess Christ to be truly preached; but manners and religion s o si ncerely reformed, I have not yet seen in any other place..."
Knox led a busy life in Geneva. He preached three sermons a week, each l a sting well over two hours. The services used a liturgy that was derive d b y Knox and other ministers from Calvin's Formes des Prières Ecclésias tiqu es.[56] The church in which he preached, the Église de Notre Dame l a Neuv e—now known as the Auditoire de Calvin—had been granted by the mun icipa l authorities, at Calvin's request, for the use of the English an d Italia n congregations. Knox's two sons, Nathaniel and Eleazar, were bo rn in Gen eva, with Whittingham and Myles Coverdale their respective godf athers.
In the summer of 1558, Knox published his best known pamphlet, The fir s t blast of the trumpet against the monstruous regiment of women. In cal li ng the "regimen" or rule of women "monstruous", he meant that it was " unn atural". Knox states that his purpose was to demonstrate "how abomina bl e before God is the Empire or Rule of a wicked woman, yea, of a traite res se and bastard".[58] The women rulers that Knox had in mind were Quee n Ma ry I of England and Mary of Guise, the Dowager Queen of Scotland an d rege nt on behalf of her daughter, Mary, Queen of Scots. This biblica l positio n was not unusual in Knox's day; however, even he was aware tha t the pamp hlet was dangerously seditious.[59] He therefore published i t anonymousl y and did not tell Calvin, who denied knowledge of it unti l a year afte r its publication, that he had written it. In England, th e pamphlet was o fficially condemned by royal proclamation. The impact o f the document wa s complicated later that year, when Elizabeth Tudor bec ame Queen of Engla nd. Although Knox had not targeted Elizabeth, he had d eeply offended her , and she never forgave him.
With a Protestant on the throne, the English refugees in Geneva prepar e d to return home. Knox himself decided to return to Scotland. Before h i s departure, various honours were conferred on him, including the freed o m of the city of Geneva. Knox left in January 1559, but he did not arri v e in Scotland until 2 May 1559, owing to Elizabeth's refusal to issue h i m a passport through England.
Revolution and end of the regency, 1559–1560
Preaching of Knox before the Lords of the Congregation (in the Parish Ch u rch of St. Andrew's, 10 June 1559) by David Wilkie[61]
Two days after Knox arrived in Edinburgh, he Preceded to Dundee wher e a l arge number of Protestant sympathisers had gathered. Knox was decla red a n outlaw, and the Queen Regent summoned the Protestants to Stirling . Fear ing the possibility of a summary trial and execution, the Protesta nts Pre ceded instead to Perth, a walled town that could be defended in c ase o f a siege. At the church of St John the Baptist, Knox preached a fi ery se rmon and a small incident precipitated into a riot. A mob poured i nto th e church and it was soon gutted. The mob then attacked two friarie s in th e town, looting their gold and silver and smashing images. Mary o f Guis e gathered those nobles loyal to her and a small French army. Sh e dispatc hed the Earl of Argyll and Lord Moray to offer terms and aver t a war. Sh e promised not to send any French troops into Perth if the Pr otestants ev acuated the town. The Protestants agreed, but when the Quee n Regent enter ed Perth, she garrisoned it with Scottish soldiers on th e French pay roll . This was seen as treacherous by Lord Argyll and Lor d Moray, who both sw itched sides and joined Knox, who now based himsel f in St Andrews. Knox' s return to St Andrews fulfilled the prophecy he m ade in the galleys tha t he would one day preach again in its church. Whe n he did give a sermon , the effect was the same as in Perth. The peopl e engaged in vandalism an d looting.
With Protestant reinforcements arriving from neighbouring counties, th e Q ueen Regent retreated to Dunbar. By now, the mob fury had spilled ove r ce ntral Scotland. Her own troops were on the verge of mutiny. On 30 Ju ne, t he Protestant Lords of the Congregation occupied Edinburgh, thoug h they w ere able to hold it for only a month. But even before their arri val, th e mob had already sacked the churches and the friaries. On 1 July , Knox p reached from the pulpit of St Giles', the most influential in th e capital .[63] The Lords of the Congregation negotiated their withdrawa l from Edin burgh by the Articles of Leith signed 25 July 1559, and Mar y of Guise pro mised freedom of conscience.
Knox knew that the Queen Regent would ask for help from France. So he ne g otiated by letter under the assumed name John Sinclair with William Cec il , Elizabeth's chief adviser, for English support. Knox sailed secretl y t o Lindisfarne, off the northeast coast of England at the end of July , t o meet James Croft and Sir Henry Percy at Berwick upon Tweed. Knox wa s in discreet and news of his mission soon reached Mary of Guise. He retu rne d to Edinburgh telling Croft he had to return to his flock, and sugge ste d that Henry Balnaves should go to Cecil.
When additional French troops arrived in Leith, Edinburgh's seaport, t h e Protestants responded by retaking Edinburgh. This time, on 24 Octobe r 1 559, the Scottish nobility formally deposed Mary of Guise from the re genc y. Her secretary, William Maitland of Lethington, defected to the Pr otest ant side, bringing his administrative skills. From then on, Maitlan d too k over the political tasks, freeing Knox for the role of religiou s leader . For the final stage of the revolution, Maitland appealed to Sc ottish pa triotism to fight French domination. Following the Treaty of Be rwick, sup port from England finally arrived and by the end of March, a s ignifican t English army joined the Scottish Protestant forces. The sudde n death o f Mary of Guise in Edinburgh Castle on 10 June 1560 paved the w ay for a n end to hostilities, the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh, an d the wit hdrawal of French and English troops from Scotland. On 19 July , Knox hel d a National Thanksgiving Service at St Giles'.
Reformation in Scotland, 1560–1561
On 1 August, the Scottish Parliament met to settle religious issues. Kn o x and five other ministers were called upon to draw up a new confessio n o f faith. Within four days, the Scots Confession was presented to Parl iame nt, voted upon, and approved. A week later, the Parliament passed th ree a cts in one day: the first abolished the jurisdiction of the Pope i n Scotl and, the second condemned all doctrine and practice contrary to t he refor med faith, and the third forbade the celebration of Mass in Scot land. Bef ore the dissolution of Parliament, Knox and the other minister s were give n the task of organising the newly reformed church or the Kir k. They woul d work for several months on the Book of Discipline, the doc ument describ ing the organisation of the new church. During this period , in December 1 560, Knox's wife, Margery, died, leaving Knox to care fo r their two sons , aged three and a half and two years old. John Calvin , who had lost hi s own wife in 1549, wrote a letter of condolence.
Parliament reconvened on 15 January 1561 to consider the Book of Discipl i ne. The Kirk was to be run on democratic lines. Each congregation was f re e to choose or reject its own pastor, but once he was chosen he coul d no t be fired. Each parish was to be self-supporting, as far as possibl e. Th e bishops were replaced by ten to twelve "superintendents". The pla n incl uded a system of national education based on universality as a fun damenta l principle. Certain areas of law were placed under ecclesiastica l author ity.[69] The Parliament did not approve the plan, however, mainl y for rea sons of finance. The Kirk was to be financed out of the patrimo ny of th e Roman Catholic Church in Scotland. Much of this was now in th e hands o f the nobles, who were reluctant to give up their possessions . A final de cision on the plan was delayed because of the impending retu rn of Mary, Q ueen of Scots.
Knox and Queen Mary, 1561–1564
On 19 August 1561, cannon were fired in Leith to announce Queen Mary's a r rival in Scotland. When she attended Mass being celebrated in the roya l c hapel at Holyrood Palace five days later, this prompted a protest i n whic h one of her servants was jostled. The next day she issued a procl amatio n that there would be no alteration in the current state of religi on an d that her servants should not be molested or troubled. Many noble s accep ted this, but not Knox. The following Sunday, he protested from t he pulpi t of St Giles'. As a result, just two weeks after her return, Ma ry summon ed Knox. She accused him of inciting a rebellion against her mo ther and o f writing a book against her own authority. Knox answered tha t as long a s her subjects found her rule convenient, he was willing to a ccept her go vernance, noting that Paul the Apostle had been willing to l ive under Ner o's rule. Mary noted, however, that he had written agains t the principl e of female rule itself. He responded that she should no t be troubled b y what had never harmed her. When Mary asked him whethe r subjects had a r ight to resist their ruler, he replied that if monarch s exceeded their la wful limits, they might be resisted, even by force.
Stained glass window showing John Knox admonishing Mary, Queen of Scots[ 7 2]
On 13 December 1562, Mary sent for Knox again after he gave a sermon den o uncing certain celebrations which Knox had interpreted as rejoicing a t th e expense of the Reformation. She charged that Knox spoke irreverent ly o f the Queen in order to make her appear contemptible to her subjects . Aft er Knox gave an explanation of the sermon, Mary stated that she di d not b lame Knox for the differences of opinion and asked that in the fu ture h e come to her directly if he heard anything about her that he disl iked. D espite her friendly gesture, Knox replied that he would continu e to voic e his convictions in his sermons and would not wait upon her.
During Easter in 1563, some priests in Ayrshire celebrated Mass, thus de f ying the law. Some Protestants tried to enforce the law themselves by a pp rehending these priests. This prompted Mary to summon Knox for the thi r d time. She asked Knox to use his influence to promote religious tolera ti on. He defended their actions and noted she was bound to uphold the la w s and if she did not, others would. Mary surprised Knox by agreeing th a t the priests would be brought to justice.
The most dramatic interview between Mary and Knox took place on 24 Jun e 1 563.[75] Mary summoned Knox to Holyrood after hearing that he had bee n pr eaching against her proposed marriage to Don Carlos, the son of Phil ip I I of Spain. Mary began by scolding Knox, then she burst into tears . "Wha t have ye to do with my marriage?" she asked, and "What are ye wit hin thi s commonwealth?"[76] "A subject born within the same, Madam," Kno x replie d.[76] He noted that though he was not of noble birth, he had th e same du ty as any subject to warn of dangers to the realm. When Mary st arted to c ry again, he said, "Madam, in God's presence I speak: I neve r delighted i n the weeping of any of God's creatures; yea I can scarcel y well abide th e tears of my own boys whom my own hand corrects, much le ss can I rejoic e in your Majesty's weeping."[77] He added that he woul d rather endure he r tears, however, than remain silent and "betray my Co mmonwealth". At thi s, Mary ordered him out of the room.
Knox's final encounter with Mary was prompted by an incident at Holyroo d . While Mary was absent from Edinburgh on her summer progress in 156 3 , a crowd forced its way into her private chapel as Mass was being cele br ated. During the altercation, the priest's life was threatened. As a r esu lt, two of the ringleaders, burgesses of Edinburgh, were scheduled fo r tr ial on 24 October 1563. In order to defend these men, Knox sent ou t lette rs calling the nobles to convene. Mary obtained one of these lett ers an d asked her advisors if this was not a treasonable act. Stewart an d Maitl and, wanting to keep good relations with both the Kirk and the Qu een, ask ed Knox to admit he was wrong and to settle the matter quietly . Knox refu sed and he defended himself in front of Mary and the Privy Co uncil. He ar gued that he had called a legal, not an illegal, assembly a s part of hi s duties as a minister of the Kirk. After he left, the counc illors vote d not to charge him with treason.
Final years in Edinburgh, 1564–1572
The High Kirk of Edinburgh, where Knox served as minister from 1560 to 1 5 72[80]
On 26 March 1564 Knox stirred controversy again, when he married Margar e t Stewart, the daughter of an old friend, Andrew Stewart, 2nd Lord Ochi lt ree, a member of the Stuart family and a distant relative of the Queen , M ary Stuart. The marriage was unusual because he was a widower of fift y, w hile the bride was only seventeen.[81] Very few details are known o f thei r domestic life. They had three daughters, Martha, Margaret, and E lizabet h.
When the General Assembly convened in June 1564, an argument broke out b e tween Knox and Maitland over the authority of the civil government. Mai tl and told Knox to refrain from stirring up emotions over Mary's insiste nc e on having mass celebrated and he quoted from Martin Luther and Joh n Cal vin about obedience to earthly rulers. Knox retorted that the Bibl e note s that Israel was punished when it followed an unfaithful king an d that t he Continental reformers were refuting arguments made by the Ana baptist s who rejected all forms of government. The debate revealed his w aning in fluence on political events as the nobility continued to suppor t Mary.
On 29 July 1565 when Mary married Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, some of t h e Protestant nobles, including James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, ros e u p in rebellion. Knox revealed his own objection while preaching in th e pr esence of the new King Consort on 19 August 1565. He made passing al lusio ns on ungodly rulers which caused Darnley to walk out. Knox was sum mone d and prohibited from preaching while the court was in Edinburgh.[84 ]
On 9 March 1566, Mary's secretary, David Rizzio, was murdered by conspir a tors loyal to Darnley. Mary escaped from Edinburgh to Dunbar and by 1 8 Ma rch returned with a formidable force. Knox fled to Kyle in Ayrshire , wher e he completed the major part of his magnum opus, History of the R eformat ion in Scotland.[85] When he returned to Edinburgh, he found th e Protesta nt nobles divided over what to do with Mary. Lord Darnley ha d been murder ed and the Queen almost immediately married the chief suspe ct, the Earl o f Bothwell. The indictment of murder thus upon her, she wa s forced to abd icate and was imprisoned in Loch Leven Castle. Lord Mora y had become th e regent of King James VI. Other old friends of Knox's, L ord Argyll and W illiam Kirkcaldy, stood by Mary. On 29 July 1567, Knox p reached James VI' s coronation sermon at the church in Stirling. During t his period Knox th undered against her in his sermons, even to the poin t of calling for he r death. However, Mary's life was spared, and she esc aped on 2 May 1568.
The fighting in Scotland continued as a civil war. Lord Moray was assass i nated on 23 January 1570. The regent who succeeded him, the Earl of Len no x, was also a victim of violence. On 30 April 1571, the controller o f Edi nburgh Castle, Kirkcaldy of Grange, ordered all enemies of the Quee n to l eave the city. But for Knox, his former friend and fellow galley-s lave, h e made an exception. If Knox did not leave, he could stay in Edin burgh, b ut only if he remained captive in the castle. Knox chose to leav e, and o n 5 May he left for St Andrews. He continued to preach, spoke t o students , and worked on his History. At the end of July 1572, afte r a truce was c alled, he returned to Edinburgh. Although by this time ex ceedingly feebl e and his voice faint, he continued to preach at St Giles '.
After inducting his successor, Lawson of Aberdeen, as minister of St Gil e s' on 9 November, Knox returned to his home for the last time. With hi s f riends and some of the greatest Scottish nobles around him, he aske d fo r the Bible to be read aloud. On his last day, 24 November 1572, hi s youn g wife read from Paul's first letter to the Corinthians.[88] A tes timon y to Knox was pronounced at his grave in the churchyard of St Giles ' by J ames Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton and newly elected regent of Scotl and: "H ere lies one who never feared any flesh".[89] After the churchyar d's dest ruction in 1633 the precise site of Knox's grave cannot be estab lished.
Legacy
In his will, Knox claimed: "None have I corrupted, none have I defraude d ; merchandise have I not made."[91] The paltry sum of money Knox bequea th ed to his family, which would have left them in dire poverty, showed t ha t he had not profited from his work in the Kirk. The regent, Lord Mort on , asked the General Assembly to continue paying his stipend to his wid o w for one year after his death, and the regent ensured that Knox's depe nd ents were decently supported.
Knox was survived by his five children and his second wife. Nathaniel a n d Eleazar, his two sons by his first wife, attended St John's College , Ca mbridge. Nathaniel became a Fellow of St John's but died early in 15 80. E leazar was ordained into the Church of England and served in the pa rish o f Clacton Magna. He also died young, and was buried in the chape l of St J ohn's College in 1591.[92] Knox's second wife, Margaret Stewart , got rema rried to Andrew Ker, one of those involved in the murder of Da vid Rizzio . Knox's three daughters also married: Martha to Alexander Fai rlie; Marga ret to Zachary Pont, son of Robert Pont and brother of Timoth y Pont; an d Elizabeth to John Welsh, a minister of the Kirk.
Knox's death was barely noticed at the time. Although his funeral was at t ended by the nobles of Scotland, no major politician or diplomat mentio ne d his death in their surviving letters. Mary, Queen of Scots made onl y tw o brief references to him in her letters.[94] However, what the rule rs fe ared were Knox's ideas more than Knox himself. He was a successfu l reform er and it was this philosophy of reformation that had a great im pact on t he English Puritans. He has also been described as having contr ibuted t o the struggle for genuine human freedom, by teaching a duty t o oppose un just government in order to bring about moral and spiritual c hange.[94]Hi s epitaph reads. Here lies one who feared God so much that h e never feare d the face of any man." A reference, no doubt from Matthe w 10:28 .
Knox was notable not so much for the overthrow of Roman Catholicism in S c otland, but for assuring the replacement of the established Christian r el igion with Presbyterianism rather than Anglicanism. It was thanks to K no x that the Presbyterian polity was established,[96] though it took 12 0 ye ars following his death for this to be achieved in 1689. Meanwhile , he ac cepted the status quo and was happy to see his friends appointe d bishop s and archbishops, even preaching at the inauguration of the Pro testant A rchbishop of St Andrews John Douglas in 1571.[97] In that regar d, Knox i s considered the notional founder of the Presbyterian denominat ion, whos e members number millions worldwide.
[Source - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Knox] | Knox, Reverend John (I89600)
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John Martin was born 7 February 1828 on a ship between Belfast, Irelan d a nd Glasgow, Scotland. John was a coal miner. Her and his wife, Isabel l, ( born 20 May 1832 on New Castle on Tyne, England) settled in Goshen , Uta h County. Before their sixth child was born, they moved to Meadow , Millar d County. When their oldest daughter, Catherine Ann Martin, marr ied Joh n Hirst Beecroft, they moved to Colorado (about 1880). They, Cath erine an d John, heard of some cheap land in Colorado, so they moved ther e. John M artin and Isabell went with them. Isabell died in Manassa, Cone jos, Color ado. The Beecrofts, along with John Martin, moved to Oaxaca, M exico, an d later to Arizona. (It has been said that John Martin marrie d a Mrs. Lov e in Arizona and died in Mesa, Maricopa County. John helpe d the Beecroft s farm in Central, Arizona. from notes in files of Venic e Priddis | Martin, John (I106880)
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John Ostler, the son of John Ostler Sr. and Sarah Endacott, was born a t B ridport, Dorset, England, 5 June 1838. John Jr., in later years of hi s li fe adopted the letter "C" or sometimes used the name Charles to hel p in m aking it easier for the family to differentiate between him and hi s fathe r. There were also other members of the family that were named Jo hn, as e ach had to have a son named for their father or grandfather. Thi s has hel ped a great deal even though he was given the name of just "Joh n" at th e time of his christening in England .
John, as a boy, lived in Bridport part of the time but the family did li v e at Axminster, Devon, and Symondsbury, Dorset, for a while. His famil y m oved to Southampton in 1855. Southampton being a port for ships gav e Joh n and his brothers the opportunity to learn different trades. It i s belie ved from family stories that he did learn the tanning trade. This , I am s ure, would have been a great help to him as he grew older livin g in the p ioneer settlements knowing this trade. He also gives us to bel ieve that h e had experiences as a mariner. We know that the government a t this tim e was calling young men into the service of their country, bu t from famil y stories John served with merchant ships and sailed from So uthampton t o Sevastopol Russia, and other ports along the way no doubt . This would g ive him a good knowledge of countries in the north of Euro pe. John also l earned about the workings of a sailing vessel and in th e later years of h is life he delighted in getting young people togethe r and explaining al l the things about a sailing vessel. He would draw pi ctures to explain hi s lessons. If only we had some of those stories toda y this could be a muc h more interesting history of John.
While in Southampton, John and his family made preparations to move to Z i on. The family saved all that they could, for this was very expensive f o r them.
Just prior to their leaving Southampton, John was married on 10 April 18 6 1 to Mary Ann Prince. This was just one week before they sailed from Li ve rpool. This is interesting as Mary Ann Prince is shown on the same pag e o f the ship's roster with the Ostlers but not as being the wife of Joh n Os tler, Jr. Just the same she was on the same ship and I am sure tha t thi s young couple was very happy to be together on this long journey . Alon g with John and Mary Ann, of course, were John's parents and fou r other c hildren of the family. His brother, David, met a lovely young l ady on th e boat and before they arrived in the Salt lake Valley they wer e married . These two young couples must have found it much more interest ing whil e on the ship than if they had been alone .
On arriving at Florence, Nebraska, this Ostler family found that the Per p etual emigration Fund of the Church for these Saints traveling to Zio n ha d become depleted and there was no funds to take them the rest of th e way . After arrangements wit the Telegraph Company they were able to se cure w ork for the young men, like John, to help in this great project an d at th e same time make it possible to get funds to take them to Zion.
John was one of those who worked and helped set up telegraph lines acro s s Nebraska. He also worked and helped build and wire the telegraph offi c e in Salt Lake City after arriving in the valley. He is also reporte d a s having helped in the building of the Salt Lake Theater.
After arriving in the Valley, John and Mary Ann made their home in a dug o ut that first winter. John found employment and they stayed in the Vall e y for a little while. Mary Ann gave birth to their first child prematur el y in the fall of 1861. This little child (William) did manage to survi v e but was a constant care and work for this new mother, as there was n o t much help medically, but all of their faith and prayers sustained th i s little one and he did pull through. After having another child, John ' s parents persuaded them to come to Nephi and make their home so that t he y could be near to help.
It must have been late in the fall of 1864 when they moved to Nephi, f o r the story is told that as they traveled around the point of the mount ai n they became stuck in the snow. John's sister's husband, William Furn er , was with them and they were taking a plow with them. The men helpe d Mar y Ann and her children to get through the snow and then they had t o tak e the plow and cut through the deep snow before they could get thei r wago n and all of their things through .
John's parents and brother, David, had taken one square block in Nephi , t he parents living on the north side of the block and David and his wi fe l iving on the southwest corner of the block. John Jr. built a littl e hom e next to his father's for his little family and lived there fo r a littl e while before going into the tannery business. The tannery wa s set up i n a shop on the creek where the Juab County Court House was la ter built.
In 1877, he built another tannery down near the railroad, which he opera t ed until 1882. In 1882, he purchased a harness shop from Walt Reed, th e s hop being on the block south of the Whitmore home. In 1884, John sen t hi s son, John Steven, to Gunnison in Sanpete County where they opene d a bra nch of the harness shop. This they operated for four years.
John also was in the freighting business and his son, even as a young fe l low, had driven his freight wagons from Nephi to Pioche, Nevada, and th e n to Salt Lake City. His brother, David, also helped him in the busine s s taking many of these freighting trips .
John built Mary Ann a lovely new home closer to his business. This prope r ty later became the County Fair Grounds where the annual "Stampede" wa s h eld.
On 7 June 1873, John married Dorothy Howarth as his second wife in plur a l marriage. He now had a great responsibility in taking care of two fam il ies. Both wives had large, lovely families. Both of them had their chi ldr en in Nephi, but as the years passed Dorothy's children moved into Sa npet e and Tooele Counties.
In 1886, John was called to go back to England on a mission. Here he ful f illed a good mission and his two faithful wives took care of their fami li es while he was gone. Great credit must be given to these two fine wom e n for being so stalwart in a calling of this kind, as they had to suppo r t their families while he was gone. After John's return he bought a ho m e in Fountain Green for Dorothy, the second wife .
John and Mary sold their large home in Nephi and moved into a smaller ho m e after their children were all married and had homes of their own. He r e they spent the remainder of their life, with many happy visits from t he ir grandchildren. As one of those grandchildren expresses, "I can stil l s ee them in my memories as they were to me-two kindly gentle people wh o en joyed the visits of their grandchildren. Grandmother always with som e nic e cookies or cake for the children and a bunch of flowers of all ki nds an d colors for us to take home to our mothers. Grandfather always wi th a po cket of peppermints. Grandfather was a medium build with gray hai r an d a long gray beard, which had once been dark. He had bright blue ey es. G randmother was a short, plump little lady who moved rather spryly f or on e of her age. Her hair was dark and sprinkled with gray, her eyes w ere br own."
"In February of 1913, Grandmother had a stroke from which she died on Fe b ruary 2. Grandfather went to live with his daughter, Eliza, and it wa s th ere, just seven months later, on September 7, 1913, he also passed a way."
"John's second wife, Dorothy, passed away April 7, 1920, in Tooele, Uta h , at the home of her son, Moroni Howarth, and was buried in Nephi besi d e John and Mary Ann. Dorothy was a very trim, neat little lady and I ha v e often thought of her as being a wonderful woman to have raised the wo nd erful family she did under some of the most trying experiences she ha d t o go though." (Taken from "John Ostler and Sarah Endacott Gollop The ir D escendants and Ancestors " by Mary L. Teerlink) | Ostler, John Charles (I164350)
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John Portineus Greene LZTB-MS1
Biography from Find a Grave website
John Portineus Greene was born to John C. and Anna (Chapman) Greene on S e pt. 3, 1793. He married Rhoda Young, daughter of John and Abigail Nabb y ( Howe) Young, on Feb. 11, 1813 in Cayuga, New York. Seven children wer e bo rn to this loving couple.
1. Evan Molbourne Greene b. Dec. 22, 1814 in Aurelis, Cayuga, New Yor k d . 2 May 1882 in Iron County, Utah and was later moved to the Salt Lak e Ci ty Cemetery.
2. Abby Ann Greene b. Apr. 17, 1817 in Steuben County, New York. She di e d abt 1848. Burial unkown.
3. Addison Greene b. Jun 12, 1819 in New York. D. 1892 in Newben, Jerse y , Illinois
4. Fanny Eliza Greene b. Jan 17, 1822 and d. in Salt Lake City on Mar . 7 , 1901
5. Rhoda Greene b. 2 Oct 1824 in New York, d. jun 1856 in Quincy, Adam s , Illinois.
6. John Young Greene b. 12 Sep 1826 in Mentz, Cayuga, New York. d. May 2 4 , 1880 in Salt Lake City
7. Nancy Zerviah Greene b. Sep. 17, 1829 d. 8 Jul 1852, place unknown.
John was a traveling methodist preacher and after his wife's insistanc e o n him reading the book of mormon that the couple had recieved from Sa mue l Smith, he and Rhoda introduced it to Rhoda's brother, Brigham Youn g wh o eventually became the second President of The Church of Jesus Chri st o f Latter-Day Saints.
John P. Greene was baptized into the church on April 13, 1832. He and Rh o da moved to Nauvoo following the saints. He became a missionary for th e c hurch and served 11 missions, becoming the president of the Eastern S tate s Mission. In 1839 he wrote a pamphlet called "Facts Relative to th e Expu lsion of the Mormons or Latter-day Saints, from the State of Misso uri, Un der the "Exterminating Order" which can be read in full online.
John lost his wife, Rhoda, on Jan 8, 1841 and married Mary Eliza Nelso n i n 6 December of 1841. The couple had 1 daughter. Mary Emma Greene wa s bor n Jan 8, 1843 and Died Mar 19, 1907 in Salt Lake City.
John was Marshall of Nauvoo and in 1844 accompanied Joseph Smith and Hyr u m Smith to the Carthage Jail.
On September 10, 1844, John Portineus Greene passed away from Consumption
Biography
Joseph Smith Papers
Sept. 1793 1–10 Sept. 1844. Farmer, shoemaker, printer, publisher. Bor n a t Herkimer, Herkimer Co., New York. Son of John Coddington Greene an d Ann a Chapman. Married first Rhoda Young, 11 Feb. 1813. Moved to Aureli us, Ca yuga Co., New York, 1814; to Brownsville, Ontario Co., New York, 1 819; t o Watertown, Jefferson Co., New York, 1821; and to Mentz, Cayuga C o., 182 6.
Member of Methodist Episcopal Church; later, member of Methodist Reform e d Church. A founder of Methodist Protestant Church, 1828. Moved to Cone su s, Livingston Co., New York, 1829. Moved to Mendon, Monroe Co., New Yo rk , by 1832. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints b y E leazer Miller, Apr. 1832, at Mendon; ordained an elder by Miller shor tl y after. Organized branch of church at Warsaw, Genesee Co., New York , 183 2. Moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio, Oct. 1832. Appointed to pre side o ver branch in Parkman, Geauga Co., spring 1833. Returned to Kirtla nd, fal l 1833.
Ordained a high priest and left to serve mission to eastern U.S., 16 Sep t . 1833. Left to serve mission to western New York and Canada, 25 Feb. 1 83 4. Served mission to eastern U.S., 1835. Appointed member of Kirtlan d hig h council, 13 Jan. 1836. Served mission to Ohio to raise funds fo r Kirtla nd temple, Mar. 1836. Left to serve mission to New York, 13 Jul y 1836 .
Stockholder in Kirtland Safety Society. Left to serve mission to Canad a , 16 Nov. 1837. Moved to Far West, Caldwell Co., Missouri, 1838. Membe r o f Caldwell Co. militia. Participated in skirmish at Crooked River, ne ar R ay Co., Missouri, 25 Oct. 1838. Moved to Quincy, Adams Co., Illinois , Nov . 1838. Presided over church branches in New York and surrounding a reas a nd collected donations for refugee Saints, 1839. Moved to Nauvoo , Hancoc k Co., Illinois, spring 1840. Member of Nauvoo City Council, 184 1–1843. M arried second Mary Eliza Nelson, 6 Dec. 1841, in Nauvoo .
Member of Nauvoo Masonic Lodge. Member of Nauvoo Legion, 1842. Served mi s sion to Ohio and New York, Aug. 1842–Oct. 1843. Elected Nauvoo city mar sh al, Dec. 1843. Assessor and collector of Nauvoo Fourth Ward. Admitte d t o Council of Fifty, 26 Mar. 1844. Carried out orders of Joseph Smit h an d city council to suppress Nauvoo Expositor press, 10 June 1844. Die d a t Nauvoo. 37 | Greene, John Portineus (I88974)
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John Rice was the first of his line to come to America. He was born in E n gland and came to Massachusetts. By 1661, John and his friend, Mr. Edmu n d Calverly went to Rhode Island. He was one of the early founders of Rh od e Island. John led a quiet and simple life. He worked hard and amass e d a very large estate, He allied himself well with other leading citize n s of Rhode Island and became a prominent member of society. By the en d o f his life, the Rice family in Rhode Island was permanently situate d amon g the most prosperous and prominent members.
There is no reference in any history to John Rice's father or his plac e o f birth. We know from DNA that he was from the UK, but nothing specif ic . Any reference to John's place of birth or his parents is misleadin g an d most likely not accurate. Researcher's attempts to place him in th e UK , have not been successful. Hopefully through DNA we can find the Eu ropea n connection, but until then any parentage is merely speculation an d atta ching anyone as his parents is misleading and harmful to the accur acy o f the lineage.
This is all we Know:
John Rice, b. 1646 and d. 6 Jan 1731[1]. He was born in England and ca m e to the colonies with Mr. Edmund Calverly in 1661. He married Elizabe t h Holden daughter of. They had two sons:
1. John Rice, 1675-1755
2. Randall Rice, b. 1677- 1742.
To establish a birth date. John Rice, Jr. swore in a lawsuit in 1747 th a t his father died 12 January 1733, which could have meant either 1732/ 3 3 or 1733/34.If the death occurred later, then the birth date would ha v e to be correspondingly advanced. Austin accurately cited the same Warw ic k record as authority that John Rice "was born in old England and cam e wi th Mr. [Edmund] Calverly." Elsewhere in his book Austin dated Calver ly' s arrival in Warwick in 1661. This date appears to be roughly correct : th e name John Rice (actually "John Riss") occurs in Warwick Records fo r th e first time 13 January 1661, presumably 1661/2, when he joined Edmu nd Ca lverly and Randall Holden in witnessing an indenture.
Edmund Calverly was much older than Rice, having been born around 1613 . H e was literate, legally astute, and above all comfortable with organi zin g and managing. He had almost certainly been in the military. Rice an d Ca lverly were close, although John Rice in no way emulated the mento r in as suming public office or positions of leadership.
They bought land together in what is now East Greenwich with two other m e n in 1673, and Calverly made a deed of gift of his portion to John an d El izabeth (Holden) Rice on 18 November 1676 "in consideration of the L ove a nd affection Which I have." The deed of gift contains no mention o f relat ionship. Calverly made a second, also unexplained deed of gift 2 3 Januar y 1677/8 to John Rice alone. Given the age difference between th e two men , one wonders whether Rice might have been an apprentice (bot h men were c ordwainers) or the son of one of the residents at Ely House . Perhaps so-f ar unexplored resources in England may in the future resol ve this questio n. The exact connection between Rice and Calverly is bu t one of many gap s in our understanding of John Rice's life. No source h as identified hi s parents or birthplace. We have no proof of when his wi fe Elizabeth (Hol den) Rice died or whether he remarried, though we can s uspect that she di ed very young and that he never remarried. No birth re cords of his childr en appear in Warwick. He had two sons to whom he mad e deeds of gift, bu t it is possible that he may have had daughters unkno wn to us. No connect ion has yet been established with another John Ric e then in Rhode Island , a "Welshman now living in Providence," who was m arried to "Katherin" a s of March 1674.
Study of John Rice and Warwick and his descendants through the mid-19t h c entury shows no relationship of any sort with the well-documented Ric e fa mily of Sudbury, Massachusetts. Despite all these lacunae, the few c ertai n facts set in the context of the time and place in which John Ric e live d go far to constructing a rich picture of his life.
The Rhode Island that John Rice found when they arrived in early 1660 s a s not for the faint of heart. Although it was developing from a loose , of ten unhappy federation of settlements toward a united colony, the pr oces s was far from complete. Warwick's English inhabitants included bot h Gort onists, who were on the fringes of religious though even by libera l Rhod e Island standards and secular residents quite indifferent to reli gion.
Many settlers had lived through the struggle in 1643 between Rhode Isla n d and Massachusetts Bay Colony. Warwick, having sought the protectio n o f Massachusetts against its antagonists within Rhode Island, found i t sel f besieged by Massachusetts's soldiers. It's principal citizens - i ncludi ng John Rice's future father-in-law Randall Holden - had been capt ured an d taken to Boston for trial. The village lay abandoned until 1647 . By th e 1660's Warwick's vague and controversial borders encompassed al l of wha t is now Kent County. They stretched all the way to Connecticu t on the we st, to "Narragansett County" on the south, and up into Pawtux et on the no rth. Despite the apparent size of the town, all the settler s were huddle d into tiny "old Warwick," with their backs metaphoricall y against Narrag ansett Bay. They faced increasingly exasperated Coweset t Indians within t heir town, Connecticut claimants and Pequot Indians t o the west, the Athe rton purchasers and Narragansett Indians to the sout h, and entrepreneuria l Pawtuxet men to the north. The Dutch in New Amste rdam posed a less imme diate but still a real threat. When Rice arrived , the particular disput e agitating Warwick's inhabitants was a struggl e with William Harris of P rovidence over the Pawtuxet area claimed by bo th Harris as part of Provid ence and by Warwick. John Rice belonged t o a group of Warwick men who opp osed Harris, one of the most eccentric a nd litigious men in the colony. I n helping them to clear fields and to b uild a house on the disputed land , he ran afoul of the law.
On 15 May 1663 William Harris procured an arrest warrant for the grou p o f men - John Harrud, Thomas Relfe, Roger Burlingham, Thomas Hedger, J r. , Ebenezer Moone, John Rice, and Laurance Pinnicke - and arranged fo r a s pecial constable, Valentine Whitman, to serve it. To put it mildly , the W arwick men did not take the constable's effort with good grace. " the said e persons all went into the howse which they were building upo n ye land a foresaid, and stood with axes in their hands againste the doo re it bein g open and holding them up ready to strike, and saide to the C onstabl e & his ayde stand off at yor perell John Harrud aforesaide & th e rest o f his Company stod in a desperate posture, holding their Axes u p at the C onstable and ye saide John Harrud did vow and proteste as he w as a livin g man that if the Constable did sett his foot within the door e he would k nocke him downe". | Rice, John (I175746)
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John Steven Ostler was a man who raised himself to financial success a n d community prominence through thrift, industry, and hard work. As par t o wner of a bank during the depression he saw first-hand the financia l stru ggle of the times as his bank was forced to close its doors. A s a sheepma n with herds of up to 50,000 head, he was constantly faced wi th decision s to keep the business going, even in times of difficulty. H e was devote d to his two children and seven grandchildren, teaching the m principles o f thrift and industry that had served him so well. A stud y of the life o f John Steven Ostler reveals the events and factors tha t influenced his c haracter and molded him into the man he was.
John Steven Ostler, or Steve as he was known to distinguish him from h i s father John Charles Ostler, was born July 6, 1863 in Salt Lake City , Ut ah, the son of recently arrived immigrants from England. His parents , Joh n and Mary Prince Ostler were so poor that he was born in a humbl e dugout . Soon after his birth, his family moved to the small farming co mmunity o f Nephi, Utah, eighty-five miles south of Salt Lake City. In h is youth h e saw the city bloom and develop into what was then known as t he "littl e Chicago of the West." The coming of the railroad caused the c ommunity t o become the center of shipping for the southern Utah area.
With the increase of economic activity in the town, Steve's father estab l ished a tannery and later a harness shop that were quite successful. St ev e and his four brothers learned the trade as they worked in the shop . I n 1884 Steve opened a branch of the harness shop in the nearby town o f Gu nnison. This shop was operated by the family for four years.
Steve's interests, however, went beyond harnesses. He went to work i n a b ank, working his way up from sweeping floors to being a teller. Ste ve ha d a quick mind and excelled at mathematics, although it is unknow n how mu ch formal schooling he received. Steve also worked in a telegrap h offic e when he was young.
During his early life, Steve learned the sheep business, in which he w a s involved the rest of his life. Sheep raising was a highly lucrative b us iness in Nephi during the late 1800's, and a fortune could be made b y tho se with good business sense and good luck. Steve had both of thes e trait s and became quite wealthy in the sheep business, starting from t he humbl e beginning of a $5.00 investment.
Steve possessed the qualities of endurance and strength that are essenti a l for those working with sheep. He stood around five feet six inches ta l l and was stocky and strong. He had dark hair which never turned full y gr ey, even in later life. He was a handsome man and at one time sporte d a m ustache.
In September 1889 Steve married Louisa Udall, a Nephi girl who had bee n h is childhood sweetheart. In 1890 their first child was born, a girl , who m they named Oleva. In 1892 a second child, Steven Lovell, was born . The n tragedy struck. A month after Steven Lovell was born Louisa cam e down w ith a sudden illness and died. One of Steve's granddaughter's Ma rjorie Wi nward, recalls the story:
"She died quite suddenly. She had to go out and the snow was very, ver y d eep. It was in the winter and Grandpa was out with the sheep. She did n' t have transportation and she had to go to the doctor or go to town fo r s omething. So she walked, and she got what they call exposure and cam e dow n with pneumonia and died within two or three days. She was just go ne. An yway, this left this little baby and Aunt Oleva. It just about bro ke Gran dpa's heart. He never could reconcile to that."
Louisa's death was hard on Steve. With a heart full of grief he buried h i mself in his business affairs. It was also this event which turned hi m so mewhat against the LDS church at that time, of which his family wer e memb ers. Steve held the office of a deacon in the LDS church, yet he w as no t active after Louisa's death. He also disagreed with the church pr actic e of polygamy, which of course was discontinued in 1890. He did, ho wever , believe in the high ideals and standards of the church which he k ept th roughout his life. He did not use alcohol or tobacco, which are pr ohibite d according to LDS belief.
Since Steve was gone so often on business after Louisa's death, his fami l y members offered to help raise his children. Oleva was taken in by Lou is a's sister and raised by the Udalls, while Steven Lovell--often referr e d to as "S.L." or ''Lovell" to distinguish him from his father--was rai se d by Steve's mother.
In 1907, Steve married Hattie Kearns of Salt Lake City. This marriage w a s more of an effort to reunite Steve's family than out of love. Hatti e ha d a son from a previous marriage. Lovell and Oleva were brought fro m thei r separate relatives to the new family home in Salt Lake City. The y wer e in their teens and found this new arrangement difficult. Hattie t reate d Oleva and Lovell kindly while Steve was home, but when he went ou t on b usiness she would treat them poorly, favoring her own son. Steve l earne d of this and there was trouble in their marriage.
After the turn of the century, Steve continued to expand his livestock b u siness. He was a shrewd businessman and knew sheep well. He brough t i n a new brand of sheep from Mexico that improved his herd. In 1910 h e wa s on the State Board of Sheep Commissioners. At one time he owned 50 ,00 0 head of sheep. He was constantly looking for ways to expand and imp rov e his herd. Steve was well known and respected among sheep man .
Steve also became president of the Nephi National Bank when it opene d i n 1906. The bank was owned predominantly by sheepmen. Steve's brother s Jo seph and George worked in the bank as directors, but Steve was alway s th e "top man."Lovell also worked in the bank for a time as a teller. T her e are advertisements for the bank in every issue of the Nephi newspap er , The Times-News, in 1911. The ads focus on the four percent interes t rat es on time deposits offered by the bank. There is also an occasiona l list ing of the bank's assets. In the June 7, 1911 issue, total resourc es an d liabilities for the bank were $236,775.17.
Steve continued to hold a large portion of the bank's stock even afte r h e was no longer president. The bank did well for several years, but h ar d times were coming. With the stock market crash of 1929 an era of fin anc ial chaos set in as hundreds of banks across the country were force d to c lose their doors. On December 20, 1931, the Nephi National Bank, " being t hen insolvent and unable to pay its obligations," joined the ever -increas ing list of bank failures caused by the depression. Stockholder s were ass essed a penalty of $100.00 share by the government in an effor t to pay of f the investors. Steve apparently paid off all of his assessm ent, even th ough it was a great difficulty to do so.
The year 1931 was a difficult one for Steve in other ways as well. Duri n g this year he was divorced from Hattie after more than twenty years o f t roubled marriage. She enjoyed the city and social events, while Stev e pre ferred the out-of-doors, being on the range with his sheep. Their d isagre ements grew over the years culminating in their divorce. As part o f the s ettlement, Hattie retained their home in Salt Lake on the hill ne ar the C apital building. At this time Steve owned three homes in the Sal t Lake va lley, as well as land at various locations throughout the stat e of Utah . At one time he had 100,000 acres of property, much of it in N ephi, bu t some also in Tooele, Mountain Green, and in Evanston and Sta r Valley, W yoming. Nephi land records indicate many property transaction s over the y ears by Steve and his father John C. Ostler. However, much o f his land th at was under mortgage was lost during the depression to pa y off his ban k assessment and other debts. In fact, in 1931 Steve claime d that all o f his property was mortgaged except for his home and that h e had no incom e--needing to borrow in order to pay his numerous obligati ons .
As trying as the depression years were, Steve did retain much of his wea l th even while others lost all that they had. In 1946 at his death his p ro perty was appraised at over $76,000--not including some property in To oel e discovered later. The majority of this sum was in private shares o f sto ck in the Ostler Land and Livestock Corporation which he founded.
The depression not only cost Steve much of his land and bank interests , i t cost him many of his sheep as well. One of Franklin Roosevelt's pol icie s to stimulate the economy was the reduction of large amounts of foo d pro ducts. This applied to sheep as well and Steve was required to slau ghte r a large number of sheep. Steve did not like Franklin Roosevelt o r his p olicies. He was a staunch Republican who strongly supported Herbe rt Hoove r. He evidently had some disagreements with his son Lovell abou t this bec ause Lovell voted for Franklin Roosevelt twice.
But for the most part, Steve thought the world of his son. He was clos e t o his son and worked together with him in the sheep business. As year s pa ssed, Lovell managed more and more of Steve's affairs. Steve was als o clo se to his daughter Oleva, and spent many winters with her and her h usban d Fred Wessel in California. Later, the Wessels moved to Nephi wher e the y provided a room for Steve to stay.
Steve was also close to Pearl, Lovell's wife, and enjoyed visiting wit h t he family at their ranch house in Mountain Green, Utah. When Lovell a nd P earl were divorced, Steve was in a unique and difficult position. Pe arl o btained the ranch in Mountain Green adjacent to Steve's ranch, whil e Love ll went to live in Steve's home in Salt Lake. It was a tense situ ation , but Steve still tried to be close to Pearl and his grandchildren . He wo uld bring the family much needed groceries and help fix their bro ken harn esses. He even bought grandson Lynn--who was running the ranch-- a team o f badly needed work horses without which the work could not hav e been don e.
When Pearl died three years after the divorce, the tension of the situat i on eased. The younger children went to live with Lovell in Salt Lake . I t was there that they got to know Steve better since he often staye d wit h them. Lynn also got to know his grandfather better even though h e did n ot stay with them. Steve would let him borrow his Ford coupe to g o on dat es or out with his friends. Steve also gave a car to his grandso n Stephen .
Steve was proud of his grandchildren. When two grandchildren, Marjorie a n d Stephen, visited Nephi one time he took them around town to show the m o ff. He proudly told people, ''This is young Steve." He also was prou d o f his ancestors. He and Elmo Ostler, a cousin, paid for a large ston e t o be erected to John Ostler--Steve's grandfather--in the Salt Lake Ci ty C emetery. The stone lists all of John Ostler's children and their wiv es an d where they are buried. For Steve to help pay for so large a grave ston e to be erected instead of spending his money in so many other possi ble w ays stands as a testimony of how he held his family in high regard.
Steve had a reputation for thrift that bordered on stinginess. Some peop l e considered him to be tight, since he was so careful with his money . A n experience with grandson Lynn exemplifies this trait, in referrin g to h ay that would fall to the ground at feeding time.
"He told my Dad to watch out for the hay scraps and scatterings. He sai d , 'That's your profit. Don't waste that hay.' He was a very thrifty per so n."
Granddaughter Marjorie also identified Steve's thrift as the way he infl u enced her most. "I've always had a feeling that I should be saving--th a t I should hang on to capital and not spend everything I have."
Although he was thrifty, Steve also had a generous side. After his dea t h some people in Nephi gave Oleva $2000 they owed to Steve from a tim e h e had helped them out. The money was put into a fund for Steve's grea t-gr andchildren. Steve was also generous with his family, giving silve r dolla rs on special occasions. In 1946 before Steve went into the hospi tal fo r an operation, he gave Marjorie the high school graduation gift o f her c hoice--a beautiful graduation dress.
At eighty-two years of age, Steve was in good health when he went in f o r an operation. He was seen jumping fences the year before and had jus t r ecently driven a full cattle truck from Nephi to Mountain Green. Unfo rtun ately however, the operation did not go well and he died within a da y o r two--quite a shock to the family. An interesting sidenote is that h e di ed calling out "Pearl! Pearl!"--the name of his daughter-in-law wh o had d ied just three years before to the very day.
Steve's grandchildren have many fond memories of their grandfather. On e i s the way he dressed. Steve considered himself a businessman, not a s heep herder. He always wore a double-vested suit, and often wore a suit v est a nd suit pants covered by chaps while riding horseback through the b rush t o check his sheep camps in the hills. One time Steve offered to bu y his g randson Lynn a hat. Although Lynn wanted a cowboy hat, Steve insi sted o n buying him a business hat.
Another common memory the grandchildren have of their grandfather is h i s sheep camp. It was a tiny, trailer-like structure with a canvas top . In side there was a stove, a table that could pull out, and a bed wit h blu e denim blankets. While not very comfortable by adult standards, ch ildre n loved it.
Granddaughter Marjorie was fond of playing with her dolls in the sheep c a mp. Grandsons Stephen and Lynn once tried to convert the wooden suppor t s for the canvas top of an old sheep camp into a rollercoaster. Steve w a s quite upset when he found that they had sawed off many of the support s.
One memory that all the grandchildren share is Steve's visits on Thanksg i ving and Christmas. He would usually bring a turkey at Thanksgiving tim e . For Christmas he often gave money. One year he came the week after Ch ri stmas, loaded with toys he purchased at half price in an after-Christm a s sale.
Steve had a deep and lasting influence on his grandchildren. Many of t h e character traits he exemplified have been passed on to them such a s a q uiet, reserved nature and a strong will. Steve was also fiercely in depend ent and preferred to be his own boss. This trait too can be seen i n his g randchildren. In describing him today these grandchildren refer t o Stev e as a man of integrity, thrift, industry, and honesty.
John Steven Ostler had a full and interesting life. He was raised in t h e rough age of pioneer Utah in the days of Brigham Young, whom he hear d s peak from the pulpit. Yet when he died he had seen the beginnings o f th e atomic age. An examination of the life of John Steven Ostler has s how n the trials that molded his character and the circumstances that sha pe d his personality. The death of his first wife was a profound turnin g poi nt in his life, a shock from which he never fully recovered. His fi rst gr eat love after his family was his business affairs-- something h e excelle d at. The money losses of the depression and the divorce from H attie wer e further opportunities to test his character. He lived accordi ng to a hi gh standard of industry and thrift, and followed a personal cr eed of dete rmination and independence shaping his world according to hi s desires. I n the midst of prosperity he did not forget his family or su ccumb to th e pleasures of spending for spending's sake. With a regard fo r his own an cestors, he passed on a legacy to his descendants who see i n him an examp le of thrift, industry, and a self-made man.
Written by Duane L. Ostler in 1987
Sources
Interview with Lilian Ostler, Nephi, Utah, May 22, 1987. Lilian was marr i ed to Horace Ostler (now deceased), Steve's nephew, who worked for Ste v e in his sheep business.
Mary L. Teerlink, "John Ostler and Sarah Endacott Gollop Their Descendan t s and Ancestors" (Salt Lake City, Utah, 1985).
Interview with Lynn Ostler, Salt Lake City, Utah, May 23, 1987. Lynn i s S teve's oldest grandson.
Fred J. Chapman, Sadie H. Greenhalgh, and Keith N. Worthington, "They Le f t a Record" (Provo: Community Press, 1979).
Interview with Marjorie Winward, granddaughter, Orem, Utah, May 21, 1987.
Interview with Eugene Ostler, grandson, Salt Lake City, Utah, May 23, 19 8 7.
Interview with Newell Ostler, grandson, Nephi, Utah, May 22, 1987.
"Salt Lake City Directory" (Salt Lake City, Utah: R. L. Polk & Co., 1910 ) .
Interview with Lee Pitchforth, Salt Lake City, Utah, May 23, 1987.Lee a n d his wide Athelia are not related to the Ostlers, but were acquainte d wi th Steve in the 1920's. Athelia's father, E. R. Booth, was the bank' s fir st cashier. Athelia also later worked in the bank as a teller afte r Stev e was no longer bank president.
Nephi (Utah)Times-News, June 7, 1911.
Utah, Salt Lake County, District Court, Probate Division, No. 50470, To w n of Levan vs. Nephi National Bank et al, Oct.11, 1932, p. 44.
Utah, Salt Lake County, District Court, Probate Division, No. 48165, Hat t ie K. Ostler vs. Johns. Ostler, Aug 24, 1931.
Interview with Vyron Ostler, Provo, Utah, June 16, 1987. Vyron is a grea t -grandson of Steve. His father, Stephen, died in a car accident in 198 4 , but Vyron remembers several things he told him of his grandfather .
Utah, Salt Lake County, District Court, Probate Division, No. 28122, I n t he Matter of the Estate of J.S. Ostler, Deceased, Inventory for Inher itan ce Tax Purposes, Feb. 21, 1947.
Interview with Louise Hansen, granddaughter, Provo, Utah, May 24, 1987.
Interview with Wanda Ostler, Provo, Utah, June 15, 1987. Wanda is the wi f e of Steve's grandson Stephen who died in a car accident in 1984.
Interview with Arthur Ostler, Nephi, Utah, May 22, 1987. Arthur is the g r andson of Steve's brother George. | Ostler, John Stephen Prince (I164353)
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John was a Polish Soldier of Fortune who fought with the 57th Regimen t o f Foot in America. His original name was Jan Lesky. John was in the K irkc udbright & Wigtown Regiment of Militia. | Lesky, Jan (I35338)
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John was nicknamed Lackland, probably because, as the youngest of Henr y I I's five sons, it was difficult to find a portion of his father's Fre nc h possessions for him to inherit. He was acting king from 1189 durin g hi s brother Richard the Lion-Heart's absence on the Third Crusade. Th e lege nd of Robin Hood dates from this time in which John is portrayed a s Bad K ing John. He was involved in intrigues against his absent brother , but be came king in 1199 when Richard was killed in battle in France.
Best known for signing the Magna Charta. John's reign had become increas i ngly tyrannical. To support his wars he had extorted money, raised tax e s and confiscated properties. His barons finally united to force him t o r espect their rights and privileges. John had little choice but to sig n th e Magna Charta presented to him by his barons at Runnymede in 1215 . Thi s made him subject rather than superior to the law. Shortly afterwa rd Joh n and the barons were at war. | Plantagenet, John King of England (I40290)
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John Wilkey and family traveled with the Joseph W Young Company.
John Ostler was born 9 January, 1809, to Jonathan and Ann Wakely Ostle r . John was born in Charmouth, Dorsetshire, England. In 1819, John’s mot he r passed away and his father remarried. His father’s second spouse wa s El izabeth Ostler, a cousin. John grew up in Uplyme and was brought u p in th e sail cloth trade. John’s father was a weaver. The Ostler famil y was alw ays very close and would move together to new communities and e mployment . When John became old enough to move out on his own he moved t o Bridport , here he met Sarah Endacott. Sarah Endacott was born 7 May, 1 809, in Sto ke Abbot, Dorsetshire, England. She was the illegitimate daug hter of Thom as Gollop, son of a local land owner, and Agnes Endacott, pr obably a hous ehold servant. Agnes was from Devonshire and had come to St oke Abbot fo r work. Agnes sued Thomas for support of Sarah and won. Sara h was christe ned 25 December, 1811, in Bridport. In 1822, Sarah becam e a sister to Geo rge Endacott, another illegitimate child of Agnes and s ometime after thi s event Agnes was married to a Mr. Gallacher. In 1851 , Agnes is a schoo l teacher and a widow according to the census. When Sa rah became old enou gh she went to work as a spinner in the sail cloth tr ade, this is how sh e met John Ostler. The two of them were married 6 Jun e, 1830, in the Brid port Parish Church. John and Sarah would have ten ch ildren: Jonathan, Wil liam, William Gallop, Sarah Ann, John Charles, Geor ge Gallacher, David, O liver Ratford, Sarah Ann and Mary. John was a sail cloth weaver, making sa ils for the ships that sailed the seas under th e name of Great Britain. S arah worked as a spinner of the threads. The w ork was not very steady a s it was done only when commissioned for a ship , and the family had to mo ve many times for employment. John and Sarah w ere not pleased with the ch urch in which they had been raised. They eve n tried at least once the Met hodist religion. John and Sarah met the Chu rch of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints while living in Bridport, and i n 28 March, 1847, they joined t he church. They were always very active . They wanted to come to Utah, bu t the expense was very high and their a bility to save that much money fro m their meager wages was impossible. J ohn was ordained to be a teacher i n 1847 and it may be assumed later obt ained the Melchizedek priesthood, b ut many records no longer exist. In 1 855, the family moved to Southampton , perhaps hoping to find better empl oyment. The family continued to gathe r money for the journey to Utah. I n 1859, two of John’s sons left for Uta h. The goal being perhaps they co uld make it possible for the rest of th e family to follow. In the end, J ohn’s family came to Utah by means of th e Perpetual Emigration Fund. I n 1861, John and five of his children saile d on the “Manchester” from Li verpool to New York. They arrived in New Yor k 14 May, 1861. Claudius Spe ncer was the leader to this company of Saints . The Saints were suppose d to have been paid for, but when they reached F lorence it was found tha t this had not happened. They prayed and their pr ayers were answered. Th e Saints had to be provided for, so it was arrange d that they would wor k for the telegraph company in order to pay their wa y across the plains . John worked for the telegraph company in order to co mplete the journey . John and his family were able to come to Utah durin g that year with th e Claudius Spencer Company. John and his family staye d in Salt Lake Cit y for their first winter with one of his sons which ha d come earlier. Th e next spring they left for Nephi to settle the area. T he family was giv en a piece of ground between 1st and 2nd East and 4th an d 5th South. Thi s community was starting from scratch, and John and Sara h were upper mid dle-aged. They managed and built a home in the town. Joh n was not very h ealthy, when he came to this country. He suffered from co nsumption and i n the summer of 1869, he went to Salt Lake City to get hel p. On 25 Augus t, 1869, he passed away. He was buried in the Salt Lake Cit y Cemetery. S arah accompanied him. After his death, Sarah returned to Nep hi and live d with her children and grandchildren around her until three y ears later , when 24 April, 1872, she also died. She was buried in the Vin e Bluff C emetery. “Sarah Endacott Gollop Ostler.” in Pioneer Women of Fai th and F ortitude. 2251-2252. Teerlink, Mary L. John Ostler and Sarah Enda cott Go llop, their Descendants and Ancestors. [Salt Lake City, Utah]: n.a ., 197 9. | Ostler, John (I164366)
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John Winslow is the son of Ed Winslow Sr. who died in England in 1620) . J ohn's brother, Edward Winslow II, was a passenger on the Mayflower an d wa s twice the Governor of the Colony. As indicated below John arrive d in Am erica a year after his brother Edward. John died as one of the we althies t merchants in Boston. [Ullmann, “Some Descendants of Roger Billi ngs,” 19 8.]
He arrived on the ship the Fortune in November of 1621 at Plymouth. | Winslow, John (I9774)
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Joined the church in 1833, along with her husband, after being convert e d by Young. Stayed in Illinois when Young emigrated to Utah in 1847. Ma rr ied Thomas Cole after the death of her first husband, but was later ab and oned. Young sent for her in 1855, and she came with her children an d mana ged the Lion House. | Foster, Julia (I87841)
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Jonathan Ostler was born at Poole, Dorsetshire, England, 23 February, 18 3 1. He was the
oldest child of John and Sarah Endacott Ostler.
Jonathan’s early life was spent about Bridport surrounded by his paren t s and other
relatives. Jonathan most likely served as part of the Navy, though no re c ord has been found of this service. Bridport was a very small port on t h e English Channel, so Jonathan grew up with the sea around him. Jonath a n also grew up knowing the sail cloth trade, which his father and moth e r were involved in, but was apprenticed as a shoemaker and learned tha t t rade.
When Jonathan was sixteen, his family was taught the gospel and joined t h e Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Jonathan was baptized on 4 November , 1 847. He was
ordained as a priest 31 July, 1850.
A family by the name of Croom, were members of the new branch. Ann Cro o m a girl of
13 when baptized was part of this branch. Jonathan and Ann met and gre w u p in this little
branch.
The two were married 29 July, 1853, at the time only the Church of Engla n d and the Civil
Registrar were recognized as having the authority to marry, so Jonatha n a nd Ann were married in the Bridport Parish Church. Jonathan and Ann d id n ot long remain in the Bridport area.
Employment made it necessary to move. So Jonathan and Ann lived in Pool e , Dorsetshire and Yeovill, Somersetshire at different times. When Joh n an d Sarah went to Southampton, Jonathan and Ann followed after.
While at Southampton, Jonathan became interested in missionary work. When
Jonathan’s parents emigrated, Jonathan and Ann moved to Covely, Essex a n d Jonathan spent his time teaching the gospel to the people. Jonathan a n d Ann also prepared to follow his family to Utah.
On 5 May, 1866, Jonathan and Ann sailed from London on board the “Caroli n a” for Zion.
The ship barely missed a long delay due to the out break of Cholera. T h e ship arrived safely, 11
June, 1866, and the passengers were routed quickly to Wyoming, Nebraska.
Upon reaching Nebraska the family was quickly assigned to a company. Jon a than Ostler
was given the duty of “Food Captain” on the trip. The food was very scar c e and he was in charge of rationing it out. Their company was lucky i t ha d very little of the trouble with Indians that the company before th em ha d experienced.
When their family arrived in Salt Lake, they found one of Jonathan’s bro t hers living there. They made their home in Salt Lake City until 1868 wh e n they moved to Nephi, and
Jonathan served as a guard in the Indian War. While living in Salt Lak e , Jonathan was
encouraged to take a second wife. He took, Mrs. Harriet Hodder Flower s , a widow, as a wife on 10 October, 1867. She did not want to leave Sa l t Lake though, and when Jonathan went to Nephi, she divorced him. The y ha d one child who died at birth: Mary Ellen. Ann and Jonathan were sea led t he day he took the second wife, but Harriet was only married for ti me, si nce she had previously been sealed.
Jonathan was only in Nephi a couple of years, when he was called in 187 1 , to go and
settle in Richfield. He labored there building a meeting house, school , a nd amusement hall. The little settlement had been abandoned and was b ein g resettled. Jonathan did not stay, however, and when his mission wa s fin ished he returned to Nephi and helped build that community.
Jonathan tried many different kinds of work, but was best at making shoe s . He built
himself a shop in Nephi and made shoes for the rest of his life. His sh o p was the first in Nephi and quickly grew to also include a tannery. Jo na than made many trips to Spanish Fork to get leather for his shop.
Jonathan had a wonderful way with young people. He was constantly bein g o f help to
them, teaching them to better their lives, helping them appreciate the g o spel and live its
teachings. He had come a long way for the gospel and he dearly loved a n d appreciated it. He always lived a life of example to others.
He lost the sight of his right eye which never impaired his work unti l h e became older.
When he was 82, he had to give up his trade which he loved very much.
Ann and Jonathan raised ten children: William Mounster Croom, Sara Ann E l iza, Lavinia
Tabitha, Jonathan “M,” John, George, Susannah Mary, Eliza, Ann, and Harr i et Marian. They always taught their children to live and acknowledge t h e blessings of the Lord in all their undertakings, pleasure or hardshi p s through life.
Jonathan enjoyed relating early experiences of his life and giving fathe r ly advice in
rearing the future generation in the fear and admonition of the Lord. Wh e n Ann died, Jonathan went to live with his daughter, Susannah Mary, an d r emained with her the rest of his life.
Jonathan died 12 April, 1914, in Nephi at age 83. He was loved by all w h o knew him. He is buried in the Vine Bluff Cemetery.
“Sarah Endacott Gollop Ostler.” in Pioneer Women of Faith and Fortitud e . 2251-2252.
Teerlink, Mary L. John Ostler and Sarah Endacott Gollop, their Descendan t s and
Ancestors. [Salt Lake City, Utah]: n.a., 1979. | Ostler, Jonathan (I164368)
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Joseph Brockbank, the fourth child of Isaac Brockbank Sr. of Underbarro w , Westmorland, England and Sarah Brown of Harefield, Middlesex, Englan d , was born in Salt Lake City, Utah on September 15, 1859. His parents i mm igrated to Utah as new converts to the Church in 1852. Sarah was singl e ; the only one in her family who had joined the Church. Isaac came wit h h is first wife, Elizabeth Mainwaring and their children. Elizabeth di d no t finish the trek. Isaac and Sarah were married soon after they arri ved i n Salt Lake City. They settled in Palmyra and then in Spanish Fork.
Joseph was baptized and confirmed member of the Church of Jesus Christ L a tter day Saints by Phillip Sykes on September 8, 1867. Throughout Josep h’ s life he always took an active part in the Church. He was ordaine d a dea con at the age of twelve, and two years later he was ordained a t eacher . On January 19, 1874 George Wilkins ordained Joseph a Priest. Dur ing thi s period in his growth in the priesthood he spent much time study ing th e scriptures. On November 25, 1885 George H. Brimhall at Spanish F ork, Ut ah ordained Joseph an elder.
In the summer of 1884 at about twenty-three years of age, he was employ e d at the Chisholm and Gardner saw mills located up Spanish Fork Canyon . I t was during this job at the saw mills that he met Emma Jane McKell w ho l ater became his wife. Emma was eighteen years of age. She had been i nvite d to cook for the men at the saw mill. Joseph took a keen interes t in Emm a Jane and told her of her excellent cooking. On several occasio ns he tri ed to court Emma but she always rebuffed his attentions. One da y Joseph w as teasing and tormenting Emma, so in defense, she picked u p a large pai r of horse shoe pinchers which were lying close at hand an d pinched him o n the back. Soon after this rather painful event the tw o started going to gether.
Out of a mutual friendship grew a sincere love. In December 1885 with se p arate teams and wagons, two young couples, Emma Jane and Joseph, and Da vi d Banks and Miss Creer drove to Logan, Utah where they met another cou ple , Richard Money and Eliza Banks, who had gone to Logan on the train t he d ay previously. The three couples often jested with each other as t o who h ad had the most fun---the couple on the train or the two couple s who ha d gone in the white top and had stayed on the tithing office gro unds in S alt Lake City for the night while they were traveling to the te mple. Th e two girls slept in the white top and the two boys on the groun d under t he spring wagon. Fortunately there was no snow on the ground. T he three c ouples were married in the Logan Temple on December 17, 1885 .
Joseph and Emma Jane returned to Spanish Fork and started housekeepin g i n part of the home belonging to Joseph’s father, Isaac Brockbank, whi ch w as located on the northwest corner of Main and Center Street. Josep h qui t work at the saw mills at the time of his marriage. He decided t o take u p farming. For a time he worked in the Spanish Fork Co-op Granar y choppin g wheat and storing grain.
On November 12, 1887, less than two years after his marriage, Joseph rec e ived a letter from President Wilford Woodruff asking if he would g o o n a mission to the Southern States. He was to leave Salt Lake City No vemb er 15, 1887 just three days later. He left his young wife and baby i n Spa nish Fork and reported in Salt Lake City on November 14.
He was set apart for his mission by President Woodruff, and then on th e s ame day, President H. S. Eldredge of the First Seven Presidents of Se vent ies gave him a blessing. In part it reads: “We say unto you inasmuc h as y ou seek continually for the spirit of God and yield obedience ther eunto , you shal1 be blessed with wisdom, knowledge and understanding. Yo ur min d shall be enlightened, your understanding enlarged, your tongue l oosene d and you shall be able to proclaim the principles of the everlast ing gos pel in its fullness with ability and in a way that will win man y souls t o a knowledge of the truth. And you shall be astonished in you r heart a t your labors. You shall be shielded and protected from all har m. Your li fe shall be precious in the sight of God and he will give hi s angels char ge concerning you.”
Joseph traveled much without purse or scrip. Through his teachings and h i s singing, many families opened their doors with greetings of welcom e t o him and the Mormon missionaries to follow. Upon returning home fro m hi s mission, Joseph bore testimony of the many blessings received duri ng hi s mission and of his faith in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Sa ints and of the true Prophet, Joseph Smith .
Joseph was honorably released to return home November 19, 1889. The lett e r of release was written by William Spry, the Clerk to the Southern Sta te s Mission who later became the Governor of Utah. The letter in part re ads : “We trust that in returning home you will not lay off the armor no r sla cken the zeal which has characterized your labors while abroad a s a Heral d of Truth but that you will turn your attention in assisting t o build u p Zion and in establishing God‘s kingdom on the earth in the mi dst of th e Saints.” Joseph did continue his labors at home.
On August 17, 1902 he was chosen as second counselor to Benjamin Argyl e . When the first counselor moved away in 1903, Joseph was called to b e fi rst counselor to Bishop Argyle. He served in this position until h e was r eleased on September 24, 1916.
During the construction of the Second Ward chapel, Joseph and Bishop Mar k ham and others used horses and wagons to haul the rocks down from Spani s h Fork Canyon to be used in the building. This was a long and laboriou s w ork. It was over five miles each way from the mountains to the Secon d War d site located on the corner of First South and Main Streets in Spa nish F ork, Utah.
During the years Emma and Joseph lived in the Isaac Brockbank home Jose p h Archibald, Emma Elizabeth, John Ross and Hazel Agnes were born. The o th er children were born in their new brick house located two blocks to t h e west of their parents. They moved in on Thanksgiving Day in 1896. Lat e r it was remodeled and enlarged but it was their home the remainder o f th eir lives. Emma Jane often remarked that her front door was in tow n and h er back door was in the field.
Soon after returning home from his mission Joseph and his brother Samu e l started farming together on land located four miles east of Spanish F or k. It was known as the second bench land. They also farmed land locat e d a few blocks west of the Brockbank home. Their main crops were grain , h ay and sugar beets. Joseph was praised by his neighbors for plantin g th e straightest rows of beets and for taking pride in being best in wh ateve r he did. During the planting season and at harvest time Joseph wa s ofte n seen on the run going about his work. He was one of the hardes t workin g men of the city. Most farmers at that time had a patch of spud s every y ear and in selecting seed potatoes Joseph was careful to get on ly the bes t seed spuds for his ground. He worked for the Utah/Idaho Suga r Company a s a field man. He traveled to all the fields of beets and sam pled to se e if they were ripe enough to harvest. He also planted beets f or the suga r company for many years.
Farming equipment was very crude at the time Joseph and Samuel started f a rming. A single share-hand plow was used to break the soil and cradle s we re used to cut the grain that had to be bound with twine by hand. Af ter t he grain had been stacked it was threshed by a horse power threshin g mach ine. Joseph related that some of the larger threshing machines req uired t hirty heads of horses to operate. It took several days to thres h their gr ain.
When their children were old enough to help with the crops Samuel and Jo s eph divided the ground and farmed separately. It was often said that a l l the time they farmed together they never had a cross word. On one ten -a cre piece of ground that Joseph owned there were numerous large adob e hol es. From these holes enough adobe bricks were molded to build sever al hom es.
Joseph and his wife Emma Jane always enjoyed a house full of neighbors , f riends and family gatherings. For entertainment they formed dramati c grou ps and put on stage plays in the Johnny Morrison Theatre Hall. The y als o had dancing parties in the theatre hall and many picnics in the D avis p asture. Joseph liked music and singing. Often while about his wor k Josep h would sing his favorite songs. Many church functions were not c omplet e without a song from Joseph. Friends would say, “Let’s have a son g fro m Uncle Joey”.
When pork or beef was butchered at the Brockbank home the neighbors we r e usually given a portion of it. At Christmas time Joseph gave his neig hb ors sacks of flour, potatoes, and bushels of apples, etc. as gifts. Jo sep h and Emma Jane’s generosity and neighborly love were a blessing to m any . On several occasions when neighbor’s coal bins were empty Joseph wo ul d see that their bins were filled. When Joseph had grain to sell he al way s heaped his bushel measure above the level saying, “Heap it up, pres s i t down and let it run over”. His wife was like this also. In sellin g eggs , she counted a baker’s dozen and her churned butter weighed ove r a pound .
Joseph was a faithful tithe payer not only in money but also in produc e a nd these were paid at the time of harvest. Church records show that h e do nated specific amounts of wheat, oats, barley and hay in 1915 and i n 1917 .
Joseph and Emma Jane worked together assisting where help was needed i n h omes during sickness and death. On the evening of March 4, 1941 at th e ag e of 82, Joseph passed away. Funeral services were held in the Palmy ra St ake. The speakers remembered him for his high ideals. He was burie d in th e Spanish Fork Cemetery on March 7, 1941.
Emma Jane McKell was born in Spanish Fork, Utah on March 4, 1866, the ei g hth child of Robert and Elizabeth Boyack McKell. Her parents accepted t h e gospel principles in Scotland, and its teachings were of tremendous i mp ortance in their home. Her birthplace was the adobe house on the corne r o f Third North and First East Street which her parents had built six y ear s previously. She was born in an environment of pioneer experiences w her e people built their own homes, planted their own gardens, fruit tree s an d vineyards. They baked, churned, dried fruits, husked corn, and mad e the ir own preserves, jellies and jams. They did their own sewing and m ade th eir own quilts. They made their own fun .
On September 3, l875 William Jex baptized Emma Jane, at the age of eigh t , a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Her conf ir mation and blessing impressed her and helped to lay the foundation fo r he r great faith and work in the church.
As a young girl Emma Jane was kept busy helping her mother in caring f o r the younger children and performing many household tasks. For a tim e he r mother’s health was not good, so on wash days, Emma and her olde r siste r, Ellen, would encourage their mother to go visiting. As soon a s she wou ld leave the girls would hurry and heat the wash water and hav e the washi ng done and the house in order before their mother returned . She enjoye d helping her mother in the home. She also spent many happ y hours in he r father’s blacksmith shop watching him go about his work.
Emma Jane loved to dance and her friends said that she would rather dan c e than eat. She loved to read and one of the happy memories held by he r c hildren was of her reading aloud stories to them. Emma Jane did ver y litt le traveling during her life. She never left the state of Utah. Ye t she f ound much beauty, contentment and happiness in staying in her hom e and he lping others in the community. She and her husband were very hap py. She o ften remarked she would be happy with Joseph even if she had t o live wit h him in a tent on the top of the East Mountain.
One of her ways of making a little money was taking in boarders. Near th e ir home on the north was the Boyack House which was known as a hotel. W he n there was no more room at the hotel, Susan Boyack would send their e xtr a guests over to Emma Jane’s for lodging. Nothing was ever stolen b y th e many troupers who spent the night in her home except on one occasi on wh en Emma found her black petticoat was missing after the dramatic tr oupe h ad left town. She told Aunt Susan and at once the sheriff was noti fied. T he troupe was located in Nephi, Utah and the petticoat was return ed to he r.
Joseph and Emma taught their children a pattern of church attendance b y e xample and sometimes by diplomacy. For example, one Sunday afternoo n Haze l and a group of her young friends were on the front lawn chattin g when h er parents went off to sacrament meeting. Her mother asked, “Are n’t you g irls going to sacrament meeting today?” Hazel replied, “No moth er, not to day. We’ll hang on your apron strings as you pass through th e pearly gate s.” Emma Jane said, “No you won’t, I will shake you all off . Besides, eve ry one has to earn his own ticket.” Such diplomacy kept th eir children ac tive in the church. She often said, “If you want to hav e the spirit of yo ur Heavenly Father with you, you must always be activ e in the Church.”
In 1977, Hazel Brockbank Bowen, born in 1896, the second of Emma’s thr e e daughters, wrote her own life history, Looking Through Windows of M y Pa st. She described her experiences helping her mother and father wit h th e yearly, weekly and daily housekeeping chores and with the farm wor k a s follows.
“I helped with house cleaning spring and fall. Rag carpets were pulled u p , usually in the fall, put on the clothes line, beaten and shook carefu ll y. Curtains were taken down, washed, starched and ironed. All floors , woo d work, walls, cupboards and dishes were washed. Bed ticks were emp tied a nd filled with new straw. Fresh straw was put under carpets that w ere str etched and tacked down with carpet tacks. Windows were cleaned an d curtai ns hung. At threshing time we would cook breakfast, dinner and s upper fo r at least twelve men for three or four days.
“At canning time Mother usually canned eight hundred to a thousand quar t s of peaches, pears, apricots, cherries, plums, strawberries, raspberri e s and tomatoes plus many quarts of jams, jellies, preserves, pickles, r el ish and red beets. All this was cooked on a coal stove and stored in t h e white washed fruit and milk room in the basement under the granary ne x t to the root cellar. We also picked, cut, dried and stored apricots, a pp les, peaches and plums.
“On Saturday we would go through the house sweeping, dusting, filling la m ps and cleaning lamp chimneys, changing beds, scrubbing floors and porc he s. We heated the water in the range reservoir and boiler for the Satur da y night bath. We cleaned the outside privy. We baked bread and pastrie s f or Sunday.
“We helped mother with the weekly wash using the old western type wash e r whose handle moved from side to side. We carried water drawn up b y a bu cket from the well. All during my high school years, I mixed the b read us ually doing six loaves per batch four times a week. We used liv e yeast an d it had to be kept alive with fresh potato water after each u se. Saturda y evenings were home evenings when mother would read to us, f ather woul d sing and tell of his experiences in the mission and any of t he childre n would perform who could. They were memorable evenings with p ans of appl es, popped or parched corn, and molasses or honey candy. Occa sionally, w e would have a store treat of bananas or oranges. Cream was s kimmed, prep ared and churned into butter which was molded, wrapped and s tored in th e milk room
“Our daily household routine included making beds, preparing meals and w a shing dishes. Father would sometimes help wipe the dishes and we woul d si ng as we did them. Other duties included caring for the milk and str ainin g it into large milk pans that were placed in the screened cupboard s in t he milk room. Daily the cream was skimmed off into a large glass j ar an d was tested until it became the right degree of sourness to be chu rned . Whole milk and cream were plentiful for table use. The excess skim med m ilk was made into cottage cheese or taken to the swill barrel for t he pig s.
“Father taught me to thin beets when I was very young. The 140-rod row s l ooked endless, but with father’s patience and help I would make it th roug h. We wore pads on our knees as we crawled down the rows to leave on ly th e biggest beet where they had been blocked out. We weeded, topped a nd loa ded the beets and occasionally we got to ride to the sugar factor y on a l oad of beets with father. We cocked and loaded hay, hauled load s of hay f rom the farm at the mouth of the canyon. We rode the horse o n the hayfor k and pitched the bundles of grain with the butt properly pl aced in the r ight direction on the grain stack and we pulled mustard wee ds out of th e grain.
“We helped plant, weed, cultivate and irrigate the garden and orchards . W e picked apples, segregated and stored them in bins in the root cella r: G reenings, Jonathans, Winter Pearmaines, Banana and Roman Beauty. W e picke d up and stored potatoes, carrots, parsnips, and cabbages; cut an d rake d lawns. We milked cows, fed pigs, fed chickens, gathered in egg s and cle aned the chicken coop periodically and I sometimes nursed a wea k baby pig , calf or lamb. We would gather the apples that would fall o n the groun d for the pigs. We also boiled up the small potatoes for pi g food. When f ather would take wheat to the flourmill we would return wi th white and wh ole wheat flour, cracked wheat and germane cereals.
“I have been privileged to live in an era of great change. We learned ea r ly to work and to carry responsibility. I went to college two winters a n d many summers to get my Bachelor of Science degree. My tuition in 1914 -1 5 was $2. My secondhand books cost $15. My roommate and I paid $6 a mo nt h for our room. I came home each weekend and took back a week’s suppl y o f food.
“The coming of electricity brought many changes to our home: electric li g hts, a washer, a stove, a furnace, a refrigerator and freezer, and appl ia nces such as a toasters, osterizers, fans, corn poppers, irons, fry pa n s and electric mixers.
“I’ve seen quite an evolution in transportation: horses, wagons, surre y , rubber-tired buggy, automobiles, the interurban railroad, airplanes , st rato-cruisers and jets. I ran two blocks to see my first automobile . It w as parked in front of the Thomas home and I touched it. (End of Ha zel’s e ntry)
Emma truly believed that activity meant vigor and growth in her religio u s life. On May 27, 1901 Patriarch E. H. Blackburn gave her a patriarch a l blessing that reads in part: “The blessings of the Lord shall be upo n y ou and your household forever and blessed shall be your body to incre as e and grow in posterity and of the increase of your kingdom there wil l b e no end. Your life will be a busy one to lead, to guide and to presi de o ver your fellow sisters. For this you were born into the world. Yo u are u nder great responsibility to the Lord for the intelligence and ta lents th at he has given you. He requires you to work and you are blesse d and yo u shall have success in your ministry and your tongue will be lo osed, you r understanding quickened, and your guardian angel shall watc h over you . Your course shall be onward and upward and you are blessed t o become eq ual to all the requirements to this labor. You shall be bless ed to becom e a preacher of righteousness and the day will come that yo u will stand b efore thousands in this capacity.”
Emma worked in the Mutual Improvement Association when her babies were y o ung and it was difficult to leave them. She went to Bishop Snell and sa id , “Bishop, where is my place, with the M.I.A or at home at night wit h m y babies?” She was released from Mutual and was set apart to work i n th e Primary which met in the Central Meeting House. When Spanish For k was d ivided into four wards by Apostles John W. Taylor and Abraham H . Cannon i n December 1891 Emma Jane was called to be the first presiden t of the Sec ond Ward Primary where she served until January 18, 1904. Sh e supported h er husband, Joseph, in his position as counselor to Bisho p Benjamin Argyl e from August 17, 1902 until he was released September 2 4, 1916. They wer e complements to each other in all activities.
In 1904 Emma began serving as first counselor in the Relief Society. I n 1 914 she was called as Relief Society president. She was a leader in g lean ing wheat and gathering Sunday eggs for the Relief Society fund tha t wa s used for the building of the Relief Society Hall and the Second Wa rd ch apel.
Emma Jane had unusual ability to go into homes with sickness, mournin g o r want and render aid, give solace and comfort. Many people testifie d o f how, when they were in trouble, sorrow or need, she came as an Ange l o f Mercy bringing sympathy and sunshine where before there had been fe ar a nd discouragement. A few examples follow.
Archie at the age of nine years went with his mother, Emma Jane, one win t er afternoon to a house where a poor family lived. The father was a tai lo r and the mother was partially paralyzed. They had three small childre n . Archie pulled his red wagon loaded with coal and kindling wood. His m ot her had in her arms, bread, butter, bottled fruit and cookies. When th e y were invited to enter the home it was cold. The mother was seate d b y a fireless stove and her children were huddled at her knee wrappe d in a n old quilt. Archie’s mother soon had a warm fire and the childre n bega n dancing around the table laden with food while the crippled moth er sa t and wept.
During the plague of black diphtheria Emma Jane went to the homes of Mag g ie Bunting and Katie Holding where she assisted not only with the sic k bu t also with the household duties. She would cut through the field t o retu rn to her home so as not to come in contact with any people and wo uld bat he and change her clothing in a wash room at the rear of her hom e befor e coming into the house to care for her own family.
It was during the Christmas holiday when Emma baked three apple pies a n d placed them on her large bread board (a very common experience) and s ai d, “I must go up to a home in First Ward where there has been a deat h o f an old Icelandic man.” Hazel said, “Why, Mother, we are all here fo r th e holiday. Why do you have to run away in this terrible blizzard?” N othin g daunted her purpose. She said, “I shall only be a short time.” Wh en sh e returned she radiated the glow that comes from well doing .
A year later during the holiday season Emma died suddenly. Ellen and Ro s e Jameson were invited to sing at her funeral service. They usually rec ei ved pay for their singing. Two days after the service Hazel and Archi e we nt up to pay the sisters. When they were approached with the money E lle n said, “Why Hazel, do you know just a year ago now your mother cam e to o ur grandfather’s home in a terrible blizzard, brought pies and hel ped u s lay out our old grandfather. We never could repay her for what sh e di d for us. We could never take money for singing for such a woman.”
Emma helped wash and lay out the dead with the help of her husband. Wh e n they were to go into a home of death to take care of a body Emma wou l d say, “Now, Joseph, get the door”. The unused door was used to lay th e b ody on to cool. Bottles of ice were placed around the body until th e clot hes were made and they were dressed for burial.
The responsibility of being the president of the Relief Society along wi t h her great desire to do neighborly service was difficult. Her health w a s not good. She was released. But as evidence of the reluctance with wh ic h she was released she was chosen as a counselor to Deliah Hughes wh o suc ceeded her as president. She was given chairmanship of the charit y and re lief committee. The year before she died the report was given th at she ha d made 320 visits into homes where she was given opportunity t o exercis e her God given gift of administering comfort and aid to the ne edy. To hu ndreds of Spanish Fork people Emma Jane was known as “Aunt Emm y” becaus e of her untiring work and desire to help.
She was a charter member of the J. Wylie Thomas chapter of the Daughte r s of the Utah Pioneers and was at one time a chaplain in the organizati on .
At the age of fifty-nine Emma Jane was stricken with acute diabetes. S h e had attended her church duties on Sunday, but on Thursday morning, De ce mber 24, 1925 she passed away. Funeral services were held in the Cit y Pav ilion on December 26. She was buried in the Spanish Fork City Cemet ery wh ere her brother Henry J. McKell dedicated the grave on the afterno on of D ecember 26, 1925.
Sources
Hall, Ivan E. History of Joseph and Emma Brockbank. n.p.1951;Grandso n o f Joseph and Emma Brockbank
Bowen, Hazel Brockbank. Looking Through Windows of My Past. n.p. 1977; D a ughter of Joseph and Emma Brockbank | Brockbank, Joseph (I171151)
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Joseph Brockbank, the fourth child of Isaac Brockbank Sr. of Underbarro w , Westmorland, England and Sarah Brown of Harefield, Middlesex, Englan d , was born in Salt Lake City, Utah on September 15, 1859. His parents i mm igrated to Utah as new converts to the Church in 1852. Sarah was singl e ; the only one in her family who had joined the Church. Isaac came wit h h is first wife, Elizabeth Mainwaring and their children. Elizabeth di d no t finish the trek. Isaac and Sarah were married soon after they arri ved i n Salt Lake City. They settled in Palmyra and then in Spanish Fork.
Joseph was baptized and confirmed member of the Church of Jesus Christ L a tter day Saints by Phillip Sykes on September 8, 1867. Throughout Josep h’ s life he always took an active part in the Church. He was ordaine d a dea con at the age of twelve, and two years later he was ordained a t eacher . On January 19, 1874 George Wilkins ordained Joseph a Priest. Dur ing thi s period in his growth in the priesthood he spent much time study ing th e scriptures. On November 25, 1885 George H. Brimhall at Spanish F ork, Ut ah ordained Joseph an elder.
In the summer of 1884 at about twenty-three years of age, he was employ e d at the Chisholm and Gardner saw mills located up Spanish Fork Canyon . I t was during this job at the saw mills that he met Emma Jane McKell w ho l ater became his wife. Emma was eighteen years of age. She had been i nvite d to cook for the men at the saw mill. Joseph took a keen interes t in Emm a Jane and told her of her excellent cooking. On several occasio ns he tri ed to court Emma but she always rebuffed his attentions. One da y Joseph w as teasing and tormenting Emma, so in defense, she picked u p a large pai r of horse shoe pinchers which were lying close at hand an d pinched him o n the back. Soon after this rather painful event the tw o started going to gether.
Out of a mutual friendship grew a sincere love. In December 1885 with se p arate teams and wagons, two young couples, Emma Jane and Joseph, and Da vi d Banks and Miss Creer drove to Logan, Utah where they met another cou ple , Richard Money and Eliza Banks, who had gone to Logan on the train t he d ay previously. The three couples often jested with each other as t o who h ad had the most fun---the couple on the train or the two couple s who ha d gone in the white top and had stayed on the tithing office gro unds in S alt Lake City for the night while they were traveling to the te mple. Th e two girls slept in the white top and the two boys on the groun d under t he spring wagon. Fortunately there was no snow on the ground. T he three c ouples were married in the Logan Temple on December 17, 1885 .
Joseph and Emma Jane returned to Spanish Fork and started housekeepin g i n part of the home belonging to Joseph’s father, Isaac Brockbank, whi ch w as located on the northwest corner of Main and Center Street. Josep h qui t work at the saw mills at the time of his marriage. He decided t o take u p farming. For a time he worked in the Spanish Fork Co-op Granar y choppin g wheat and storing grain.
On November 12, 1887, less than two years after his marriage, Joseph rec e ived a letter from President Wilford Woodruff asking if he would g o o n a mission to the Southern States. He was to leave Salt Lake City No vemb er 15, 1887 just three days later. He left his young wife and baby i n Spa nish Fork and reported in Salt Lake City on November 14.
He was set apart for his mission by President Woodruff, and then on th e s ame day, President H. S. Eldredge of the First Seven Presidents of Se vent ies gave him a blessing. In part it reads: “We say unto you inasmuc h as y ou seek continually for the spirit of God and yield obedience ther eunto , you shal1 be blessed with wisdom, knowledge and understanding. Yo ur min d shall be enlightened, your understanding enlarged, your tongue l oosene d and you shall be able to proclaim the principles of the everlast ing gos pel in its fullness with ability and in a way that will win man y souls t o a knowledge of the truth. And you shall be astonished in you r heart a t your labors. You shall be shielded and protected from all har m. Your li fe shall be precious in the sight of God and he will give hi s angels char ge concerning you.”
Joseph traveled much without purse or scrip. Through his teachings and h i s singing, many families opened their doors with greetings of welcom e t o him and the Mormon missionaries to follow. Upon returning home fro m hi s mission, Joseph bore testimony of the many blessings received duri ng hi s mission and of his faith in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Sa ints and of the true Prophet, Joseph Smith .
Joseph was honorably released to return home November 19, 1889. The lett e r of release was written by William Spry, the Clerk to the Southern Sta te s Mission who later became the Governor of Utah. The letter in part re ads : “We trust that in returning home you will not lay off the armor no r sla cken the zeal which has characterized your labors while abroad a s a Heral d of Truth but that you will turn your attention in assisting t o build u p Zion and in establishing God‘s kingdom on the earth in the mi dst of th e Saints.” Joseph did continue his labors at home.
On August 17, 1902 he was chosen as second counselor to Benjamin Argyl e . When the first counselor moved away in 1903, Joseph was called to b e fi rst counselor to Bishop Argyle. He served in this position until h e was r eleased on September 24, 1916.
During the construction of the Second Ward chapel, Joseph and Bishop Mar k ham and others used horses and wagons to haul the rocks down from Spani s h Fork Canyon to be used in the building. This was a long and laboriou s w ork. It was over five miles each way from the mountains to the Secon d War d site located on the corner of First South and Main Streets in Spa nish F ork, Utah.
During the years Emma and Joseph lived in the Isaac Brockbank home Jose p h Archibald, Emma Elizabeth, John Ross and Hazel Agnes were born. The o th er children were born in their new brick house located two blocks to t h e west of their parents. They moved in on Thanksgiving Day in 1896. Lat e r it was remodeled and enlarged but it was their home the remainder o f th eir lives. Emma Jane often remarked that her front door was in tow n and h er back door was in the field.
Soon after returning home from his mission Joseph and his brother Samu e l started farming together on land located four miles east of Spanish F or k. It was known as the second bench land. They also farmed land locat e d a few blocks west of the Brockbank home. Their main crops were grain , h ay and sugar beets. Joseph was praised by his neighbors for plantin g th e straightest rows of beets and for taking pride in being best in wh ateve r he did. During the planting season and at harvest time Joseph wa s ofte n seen on the run going about his work. He was one of the hardes t workin g men of the city. Most farmers at that time had a patch of spud s every y ear and in selecting seed potatoes Joseph was careful to get on ly the bes t seed spuds for his ground. He worked for the Utah/Idaho Suga r Company a s a field man. He traveled to all the fields of beets and sam pled to se e if they were ripe enough to harvest. He also planted beets f or the suga r company for many years.
Farming equipment was very crude at the time Joseph and Samuel started f a rming. A single share-hand plow was used to break the soil and cradle s we re used to cut the grain that had to be bound with twine by hand. Af ter t he grain had been stacked it was threshed by a horse power threshin g mach ine. Joseph related that some of the larger threshing machines req uired t hirty heads of horses to operate. It took several days to thres h their gr ain.
When their children were old enough to help with the crops Samuel and Jo s eph divided the ground and farmed separately. It was often said that a l l the time they farmed together they never had a cross word. On one ten -a cre piece of ground that Joseph owned there were numerous large adob e hol es. From these holes enough adobe bricks were molded to build sever al hom es.
Joseph and his wife Emma Jane always enjoyed a house full of neighbors , f riends and family gatherings. For entertainment they formed dramati c grou ps and put on stage plays in the Johnny Morrison Theatre Hall. The y als o had dancing parties in the theatre hall and many picnics in the D avis p asture. Joseph liked music and singing. Often while about his wor k Josep h would sing his favorite songs. Many church functions were not c omplet e without a song from Joseph. Friends would say, “Let’s have a son g fro m Uncle Joey”.
When pork or beef was butchered at the Brockbank home the neighbors we r e usually given a portion of it. At Christmas time Joseph gave his neig hb ors sacks of flour, potatoes, and bushels of apples, etc. as gifts. Jo sep h and Emma Jane’s generosity and neighborly love were a blessing to m any . On several occasions when neighbor’s coal bins were empty Joseph wo ul d see that their bins were filled. When Joseph had grain to sell he al way s heaped his bushel measure above the level saying, “Heap it up, pres s i t down and let it run over”. His wife was like this also. In sellin g eggs , she counted a baker’s dozen and her churned butter weighed ove r a pound .
Joseph was a faithful tithe payer not only in money but also in produc e a nd these were paid at the time of harvest. Church records show that h e do nated specific amounts of wheat, oats, barley and hay in 1915 and i n 1917 .
Joseph and Emma Jane worked together assisting where help was needed i n h omes during sickness and death. On the evening of March 4, 1941 at th e ag e of 82, Joseph passed away. Funeral services were held in the Palmy ra St ake. The speakers remembered him for his high ideals. He was burie d in th e Spanish Fork Cemetery on March 7, 1941.
Emma Jane McKell was born in Spanish Fork, Utah on March 4, 1866, the ei g hth child of Robert and Elizabeth Boyack McKell. Her parents accepted t h e gospel principles in Scotland, and its teachings were of tremendous i mp ortance in their home. Her birthplace was the adobe house on the corne r o f Third North and First East Street which her parents had built six y ear s previously. She was born in an environment of pioneer experiences w her e people built their own homes, planted their own gardens, fruit tree s an d vineyards. They baked, churned, dried fruits, husked corn, and mad e the ir own preserves, jellies and jams. They did their own sewing and m ade th eir own quilts. They made their own fun .
On September 3, l875 William Jex baptized Emma Jane, at the age of eigh t , a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Her conf ir mation and blessing impressed her and helped to lay the foundation fo r he r great faith and work in the church.
As a young girl Emma Jane was kept busy helping her mother in caring f o r the younger children and performing many household tasks. For a tim e he r mother’s health was not good, so on wash days, Emma and her olde r siste r, Ellen, would encourage their mother to go visiting. As soon a s she wou ld leave the girls would hurry and heat the wash water and hav e the washi ng done and the house in order before their mother returned . She enjoye d helping her mother in the home. She also spent many happ y hours in he r father’s blacksmith shop watching him go about his work.
Emma Jane loved to dance and her friends said that she would rather dan c e than eat. She loved to read and one of the happy memories held by he r c hildren was of her reading aloud stories to them. Emma Jane did ver y litt le traveling during her life. She never left the state of Utah. Ye t she f ound much beauty, contentment and happiness in staying in her hom e and he lping others in the community. She and her husband were very hap py. She o ften remarked she would be happy with Joseph even if she had t o live wit h him in a tent on the top of the East Mountain.
One of her ways of making a little money was taking in boarders. Near th e ir home on the north was the Boyack House which was known as a hotel. W he n there was no more room at the hotel, Susan Boyack would send their e xtr a guests over to Emma Jane’s for lodging. Nothing was ever stolen b y th e many troupers who spent the night in her home except on one occasi on wh en Emma found her black petticoat was missing after the dramatic tr oupe h ad left town. She told Aunt Susan and at once the sheriff was noti fied. T he troupe was located in Nephi, Utah and the petticoat was return ed to he r.
Joseph and Emma taught their children a pattern of church attendance b y e xample and sometimes by diplomacy. For example, one Sunday afternoo n Haze l and a group of her young friends were on the front lawn chattin g when h er parents went off to sacrament meeting. Her mother asked, “Are n’t you g irls going to sacrament meeting today?” Hazel replied, “No moth er, not to day. We’ll hang on your apron strings as you pass through th e pearly gate s.” Emma Jane said, “No you won’t, I will shake you all off . Besides, eve ry one has to earn his own ticket.” Such diplomacy kept th eir children ac tive in the church. She often said, “If you want to hav e the spirit of yo ur Heavenly Father with you, you must always be activ e in the Church.”
In 1977, Hazel Brockbank Bowen, born in 1896, the second of Emma’s thr e e daughters, wrote her own life history, Looking Through Windows of M y Pa st. She described her experiences helping her mother and father wit h th e yearly, weekly and daily housekeeping chores and with the farm wor k a s follows.
“I helped with house cleaning spring and fall. Rag carpets were pulled u p , usually in the fall, put on the clothes line, beaten and shook carefu ll y. Curtains were taken down, washed, starched and ironed. All floors , woo d work, walls, cupboards and dishes were washed. Bed ticks were emp tied a nd filled with new straw. Fresh straw was put under carpets that w ere str etched and tacked down with carpet tacks. Windows were cleaned an d curtai ns hung. At threshing time we would cook breakfast, dinner and s upper fo r at least twelve men for three or four days.
“At canning time Mother usually canned eight hundred to a thousand quar t s of peaches, pears, apricots, cherries, plums, strawberries, raspberri e s and tomatoes plus many quarts of jams, jellies, preserves, pickles, r el ish and red beets. All this was cooked on a coal stove and stored in t h e white washed fruit and milk room in the basement under the granary ne x t to the root cellar. We also picked, cut, dried and stored apricots, a pp les, peaches and plums.
“On Saturday we would go through the house sweeping, dusting, filling la m ps and cleaning lamp chimneys, changing beds, scrubbing floors and porc he s. We heated the water in the range reservoir and boiler for the Satur da y night bath. We cleaned the outside privy. We baked bread and pastrie s f or Sunday.
“We helped mother with the weekly wash using the old western type wash e r whose handle moved from side to side. We carried water drawn up b y a bu cket from the well. All during my high school years, I mixed the b read us ually doing six loaves per batch four times a week. We used liv e yeast an d it had to be kept alive with fresh potato water after each u se. Saturda y evenings were home evenings when mother would read to us, f ather woul d sing and tell of his experiences in the mission and any of t he childre n would perform who could. They were memorable evenings with p ans of appl es, popped or parched corn, and molasses or honey candy. Occa sionally, w e would have a store treat of bananas or oranges. Cream was s kimmed, prep ared and churned into butter which was molded, wrapped and s tored in th e milk room
“Our daily household routine included making beds, preparing meals and w a shing dishes. Father would sometimes help wipe the dishes and we woul d si ng as we did them. Other duties included caring for the milk and str ainin g it into large milk pans that were placed in the screened cupboard s in t he milk room. Daily the cream was skimmed off into a large glass j ar an d was tested until it became the right degree of sourness to be chu rned . Whole milk and cream were plentiful for table use. The excess skim med m ilk was made into cottage cheese or taken to the swill barrel for t he pig s.
“Father taught me to thin beets when I was very young. The 140-rod row s l ooked endless, but with father’s patience and help I would make it th roug h. We wore pads on our knees as we crawled down the rows to leave on ly th e biggest beet where they had been blocked out. We weeded, topped a nd loa ded the beets and occasionally we got to ride to the sugar factor y on a l oad of beets with father. We cocked and loaded hay, hauled load s of hay f rom the farm at the mouth of the canyon. We rode the horse o n the hayfor k and pitched the bundles of grain with the butt properly pl aced in the r ight direction on the grain stack and we pulled mustard wee ds out of th e grain.
“We helped plant, weed, cultivate and irrigate the garden and orchards . W e picked apples, segregated and stored them in bins in the root cella r: G reenings, Jonathans, Winter Pearmaines, Banana and Roman Beauty. W e picke d up and stored potatoes, carrots, parsnips, and cabbages; cut an d rake d lawns. We milked cows, fed pigs, fed chickens, gathered in egg s and cle aned the chicken coop periodically and I sometimes nursed a wea k baby pig , calf or lamb. We would gather the apples that would fall o n the groun d for the pigs. We also boiled up the small potatoes for pi g food. When f ather would take wheat to the flourmill we would return wi th white and wh ole wheat flour, cracked wheat and germane cereals.
“I have been privileged to live in an era of great change. We learned ea r ly to work and to carry responsibility. I went to college two winters a n d many summers to get my Bachelor of Science degree. My tuition in 1914 -1 5 was $2. My secondhand books cost $15. My roommate and I paid $6 a mo nt h for our room. I came home each weekend and took back a week’s suppl y o f food.
“The coming of electricity brought many changes to our home: electric li g hts, a washer, a stove, a furnace, a refrigerator and freezer, and appl ia nces such as a toasters, osterizers, fans, corn poppers, irons, fry pa n s and electric mixers.
“I’ve seen quite an evolution in transportation: horses, wagons, surre y , rubber-tired buggy, automobiles, the interurban railroad, airplanes , st rato-cruisers and jets. I ran two blocks to see my first automobile . It w as parked in front of the Thomas home and I touched it. (End of Ha zel’s e ntry)
Emma truly believed that activity meant vigor and growth in her religio u s life. On May 27, 1901 Patriarch E. H. Blackburn gave her a patriarch a l blessing that reads in part: “The blessings of the Lord shall be upo n y ou and your household forever and blessed shall be your body to incre as e and grow in posterity and of the increase of your kingdom there wil l b e no end. Your life will be a busy one to lead, to guide and to presi de o ver your fellow sisters. For this you were born into the world. Yo u are u nder great responsibility to the Lord for the intelligence and ta lents th at he has given you. He requires you to work and you are blesse d and yo u shall have success in your ministry and your tongue will be lo osed, you r understanding quickened, and your guardian angel shall watc h over you . Your course shall be onward and upward and you are blessed t o become eq ual to all the requirements to this labor. You shall be bless ed to becom e a preacher of righteousness and the day will come that yo u will stand b efore thousands in this capacity.”
Emma worked in the Mutual Improvement Association when her babies were y o ung and it was difficult to leave them. She went to Bishop Snell and sa id , “Bishop, where is my place, with the M.I.A or at home at night wit h m y babies?” She was released from Mutual and was set apart to work i n th e Primary which met in the Central Meeting House. When Spanish For k was d ivided into four wards by Apostles John W. Taylor and Abraham H . Cannon i n December 1891 Emma Jane was called to be the first presiden t of the Sec ond Ward Primary where she served until January 18, 1904. Sh e supported h er husband, Joseph, in his position as counselor to Bisho p Benjamin Argyl e from August 17, 1902 until he was released September 2 4, 1916. They wer e complements to each other in all activities.
In 1904 Emma began serving as first counselor in the Relief Society. I n 1 914 she was called as Relief Society president. She was a leader in g lean ing wheat and gathering Sunday eggs for the Relief Society fund tha t wa s used for the building of the Relief Society Hall and the Second Wa rd ch apel.
Emma Jane had unusual ability to go into homes with sickness, mournin g o r want and render aid, give solace and comfort. Many people testifie d o f how, when they were in trouble, sorrow or need, she came as an Ange l o f Mercy bringing sympathy and sunshine where before there had been fe ar a nd discouragement. A few examples follow.
Archie at the age of nine years went with his mother, Emma Jane, one win t er afternoon to a house where a poor family lived. The father was a tai lo r and the mother was partially paralyzed. They had three small childre n . Archie pulled his red wagon loaded with coal and kindling wood. His m ot her had in her arms, bread, butter, bottled fruit and cookies. When th e y were invited to enter the home it was cold. The mother was seate d b y a fireless stove and her children were huddled at her knee wrappe d in a n old quilt. Archie’s mother soon had a warm fire and the childre n bega n dancing around the table laden with food while the crippled moth er sa t and wept.
During the plague of black diphtheria Emma Jane went to the homes of Mag g ie Bunting and Katie Holding where she assisted not only with the sic k bu t also with the household duties. She would cut through the field t o retu rn to her home so as not to come in contact with any people and wo uld bat he and change her clothing in a wash room at the rear of her hom e befor e coming into the house to care for her own family.
It was during the Christmas holiday when Emma baked three apple pies a n d placed them on her large bread board (a very common experience) and s ai d, “I must go up to a home in First Ward where there has been a deat h o f an old Icelandic man.” Hazel said, “Why, Mother, we are all here fo r th e holiday. Why do you have to run away in this terrible blizzard?” N othin g daunted her purpose. She said, “I shall only be a short time.” Wh en sh e returned she radiated the glow that comes from well doing .
A year later during the holiday season Emma died suddenly. Ellen and Ro s e Jameson were invited to sing at her funeral service. They usually rec ei ved pay for their singing. Two days after the service Hazel and Archi e we nt up to pay the sisters. When they were approached with the money E lle n said, “Why Hazel, do you know just a year ago now your mother cam e to o ur grandfather’s home in a terrible blizzard, brought pies and hel ped u s lay out our old grandfather. We never could repay her for what sh e di d for us. We could never take money for singing for such a woman.”
Emma helped wash and lay out the dead with the help of her husband. Wh e n they were to go into a home of death to take care of a body Emma wou l d say, “Now, Joseph, get the door”. The unused door was used to lay th e b ody on to cool. Bottles of ice were placed around the body until th e clot hes were made and they were dressed for burial.
The responsibility of being the president of the Relief Society along wi t h her great desire to do neighborly service was difficult. Her health w a s not good. She was released. But as evidence of the reluctance with wh ic h she was released she was chosen as a counselor to Deliah Hughes wh o suc ceeded her as president. She was given chairmanship of the charit y and re lief committee. The year before she died the report was given th at she ha d made 320 visits into homes where she was given opportunity t o exercis e her God given gift of administering comfort and aid to the ne edy. To hu ndreds of Spanish Fork people Emma Jane was known as “Aunt Emm y” becaus e of her untiring work and desire to help.
She was a charter member of the J. Wylie Thomas chapter of the Daughte r s of the Utah Pioneers and was at one time a chaplain in the organizati on .
At the age of fifty-nine Emma Jane was stricken with acute diabetes. S h e had attended her church duties on Sunday, but on Thursday morning, De ce mber 24, 1925 she passed away. Funeral services were held in the Cit y Pav ilion on December 26. She was buried in the Spanish Fork City Cemet ery wh ere her brother Henry J. McKell dedicated the grave on the afterno on of D ecember 26, 1925. | McKell, Emma Jane (I173441)
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Joseph C Giles was living with his parents in 1920 in Elko, Nevada. Acco r ding to the 1940 Census he was in Denver, Colorado in 1930. Attaching H ar riett R as a wife to Joseph C Giles -- according to the 1930 Census th e y were living in Glendale, Colorado I(which is a suburb of Denver, Colo ra do). The 1930 census also states Joseph age at time of first marriag e i s 34..making the marriage date 1928. Harriett R age of first marriag e i s 18 making the marriage date of that marriage 1905. Also on the 193 0 cen sus Joseph's parents place of birth is Utah. Joseph apparent move d back f rom Colorado to Elko, Nevada to be a ranch hand for the Truitt f amily...m arital status is listed as "single". Joseph's parents moved t o Salt Lak e City, Utah sometime before the 1930's according to that cens us. Josep h apparently moved to Salt Lake City, Utah after 1940 where h e died in 19 73. Note: 1930 Census taker wrote the name of Giles as "Jile s". | Giles, Joseph Clinton (I218)
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Joseph Cluley was the 2nd son born to Joseph Greaves and Sarah Prisc i l l a Cluley.
He was:
6 years old when his mom died
19 when he married Catherine Eames (settled in Logan)
21 in 1880 when the census record shows 19 year old Thomas was livin g w i t h Joseph and his family
almost 26 years old when he passed away
Joseph and his wife Catherine Eames had 3 children—Joseph E. and twi n s O l iver E. and Olive E.
Joseph became a regular worker on the railroad but Kate considered rai l r o ading too dangerous. Because of this the family moved to Preston, I da h o, to homestead a piece of land (probably around 240 acres) that the y t o o k up in 1882.
“They were to build a house and things on it so that the government w o u l d say that they had “proved up” on it. Joseph’s wife’s brother to o k u p la nd just across the street so they had company and one of his b ro ther s too k up land east of him.” by Vera Carter Lewis
In 1884, at the age of two, Olive E. died of diphtheria. Her fathe r w a s i n Preston at the time the Child took ill. Upon receiving word o f t h e chil d's illness, he walked to Logan, a distance of thirty miles . H e re ached L ogan just as Olive had passed away.
“In the fall of 1884 Joseph accepted a call to return to Logan and s p e n d the winter in Logan canyon getting lumber out for the building o f t h e L ogan Temple. His wife, Kate, also went along and helped to mak e car pe ts f or the temple.
On November 14, 1884, Joseph was falling a large tree in the north f o r k o f Logan Canyon when a sudden gust of wind whipped around, the tr e e fe ll a cross his leg, breaking it in three places. He was half a mi l e fro m any h elp. He cut a limb and, with considerable difficulty, wor ke d hi s way dow n the canyon. As soon as he was found, he was taken b y wag on in to Logan w here he died the next morning.” Leona Eames Dale y or Ver a Cart er Lewi s
Joseph’s oldest son, Joseph E. Greaves was a microbiologist at Utah S t a t e University. Joseph E. Greaves, Ph.D., a professor at Utah State A gr i cu ltural College, lost his wife in the 1918 influenza pandemic. H e spe n t th e rest of his life researching microbes and trying to preven t mor e d eath s from infectious causes.
He married Pernecy Jane Dudley on June 10, 1907. Together they had f i v e c hildren. Pernecy died in the 1918 flu pandemic, leaving behind fi v e c hild ren under ten years old. The loss devastated Joseph Greaves.
The loss devastated Joseph.
Joseph's sister, Vera Carter Lewis, recalled,
"Before Pernecy died, Joe taught Sunday school and was very religiou s . A f ter Pernecy died he said, 'No God would have taken a mother wit h fi ve c hi ldren.' He was bitter. He was very close to Apostle Widsto e and i f Per nec y had not died Joe would have become president of the C ollege . (He di dn' t because he lost his fervent attachment to the Mormo n Churc h after h is f irst wife died.) It was planned." (Vera Carter Lew is, 1994 )
Joseph E. was instrumental in the change sacrament cups
Mormon Sacrament Cups
Source: www.keepapitchinin.org
Joseph Greaves influenced the religious practices of the The Churc h o f J e sus Christ of Latter-day Saints--the Mormon Church. Previousl y th e chur c h partook of the communion sacrament using a common cup whi ch wa s pass e d around the congregation. Dr. Greaves thought that a shar ed cu p coul d sp read disease and urged the church to change to the us e of ind ividua l cups. Because germs were not widely understood, he me t resistanc e, bu t he per sisted and was able to effect the change.
"When I was growing up, I heard this story many times from my grandfat h e r, Joseph E. Greaves, a professor of bacteriology at the Agricultura l C o ll ege of Utah, now Utah State University. The moral to the story s hift ed, d epending on the lesson Granddad wanted to stress, but the stor y its el f wa s always the same. The event takes place in Logan, Utah, i n the e arl y 190 0s.
One Sunday, Granddad sat in church, toward the back. He watched the y o u n g deacons pass the cup of sacrament water down the row, each perso n t ak in g a tiny sip and passing it on. He knew Sister Brown sitting i n fro n t o f him had tuberculosis. After the meeting, Granddad went to s ee th e B isho p and explained how unsanitary it was to have people drin k fro m th e sam e cup. He gave the Bishop a mini (or perhaps not so mini ) lect ure o n bact eria. Germs are spread. Diseases are transmitted. “Br other G reaves,” th e bishop huffed, “Do you really think that God woul d allow hi s sacr ed wat er, which has been blessed by the priesthood, t o cause dise ase—t o make pe ople sick?” “Bishop” Granddad replied, “Do y ou really thi nk tha t God woul d have given us brains if he didn’t expec t us to use th em?” Fi nally the b ishop admonished my grandfather to g o home and repent . Grandd ad’s reply t o that suggestion was a resoundin g “Horse feathers . ”
The story didn't end there. Granddad enlisted the aid of his frien d a n d f ellow scientist, Apostle John Widtsoe. The practice was changed . In di vidu al cups replaced the common cup." (Menlove 2012)
Speaking of sacrament cups, Carol Greaves Brown recalls, “as the sacr a m e nt cup was passed around, some folks tried to take their sip from c lo s e o r on top of the handle, thinking not as many people would have s ipp e d fro m that spot”. It would be interesting to know how many peopl e tho u ght th at way….
Sources used:
Catherine Mary Eames. [This history was found in Vera Carter Lewis ' B o o k of Remembrance along with a History of David Eames written b y a gra nd da ughter, Leona Eames Daley. She may have written this histor y as wel l, alt hough it is not signed.]
#1 Personal History: Childhood by Vera Carter Lewis
The Crusade of Utah Microbiologist Joseph E. Greave s
Life history provided in this link: https://58468702.weebly.com/ | Greaves, Joseph Cluley (I2662)
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Joseph Dunkley Benson: A personal History written by
Emily Lester (Great-Granddaughter)
Compiled from existing documents and a taped interview of Colleen Benson
Law, Daughter of Joseph Benson
On November 12, 1900 in Whitney, Idaho, George Taft Jr. and Sarah Dunkl e y Benson gave birth to their second son, Joseph Dunkley Benson. Their h um ble home consisted of a two-room cottage situated on a forty-acre far . H e was named after his grandfather Joseph Dunkley. Joseph was a kind a nd l oving boy, full of sympathy for the less fortunate. Even as a youn g child , he was known for his willingness to serve others. In fact, whe n his mot her needed something fixed around the house, she would say, “I’ ll just sa ve that until Joe comes home from school or has a free afterno on; and he’ ll fix it for me.” This practice continued even after Josep h moved away f rom home.
Several of Joe’s favorites growing up included marbles, horses, homema d e bread and milk with chokecherry jelly, and fruit. According to one o f h is sisters, he had a marvelous sack of marbles that continued to gro w a s he proved to be quite competent at the game. When it came to chores , Jo e preferred to tend the horses instead of milking the cows. Apparent ly h e was very good with them and would frequently help neighbors get st uck w agons out of fields. Additionally, he regularly drove four heads o f horse s hooked up to a big beet truck to the sugar factory with his bro ther.
When Joseph was just a young child, he would look through catalogs to fi n d little things like knife sharpeners to sell. This experience, couple d w ith his people skills, probably led to his eventual career as a sales man.
When Joseph was about six or seven years old, he came down with a bad ca s e of what we now know as rheumatic fever. However, at the time, medica l s kills were a lot more primitive and they diagnosed it as growing pain s. T here really was not much they could do for it. Consequently, he wa s ill a nd weak for a long time and stopped growing for a while so he wa s smalle r than most boys his age were. Thus, his brother would walk wit h him to a nd from school for protection and to make sure he was okay. Th is illnes s probably damaged his heart and contributed to his early death .
One of the most character building experiences of his life involved hi s f ather being called on a mission to the Eastern States. When he receiv ed t he call, there were seven children in the family with an eighth on t he wa y. They had little extra money and it took all their savings just t o bu y appropriate clothing and pay for his trainfare. Yet, George Taft B enso n faithfully left his young family and farm in the care of providenc e i n order to serve the Lord. They could not afford to hire anyone to he lp ; so the boys, the oldest being only twelve, ran the farm. Eventually , th ey found a couple that received room and board in exchange for thei r assi stance. Also, they sold part of the cattle and a few horses in ord er to s end money to their father in the mission field. These times wer e extremel y hard; but it taught the children how important the gospel wa s to thei r parents and proved their willingness to make sacrifices. Cons equently , all of the children born at that time made the gospel the cent er of the ir lives. In later years, every one of them said they were gla d to have t he opportunity to serve the church and sacrifice in order fo r their fathe r to go.
Joseph was always very thoughtful to his family members. One of his youn g er brothers recounted the story of a time when the Idaho winter was par ti cularly cold and snow came up past the waist. Joseph and three younge r br others were assigned to go round up the missing cattle before they f roz e to death. This was the first time that the youngest brother there h ad e ver received such an assignment. They were out for hours before the y gath ered up the last of the strays and still had the long walk home ah ead o f them. Each of the brothers wore heavy clothes and had boots on, b ut th e youngest one complained of the cold. Thus, Joseph took his own ja cket o ff and wrapped it around his little brother. He also carried him p art o f the way home because the snow was so deep.
An excellent scholar with a brilliant mind, Joseph always excelled in h i s schooling at Whitney grade school, Preston High, and at Brigham Youn g U niversity. He especially did well in his business classes. Many profe ssor s respected his abilities and he ended up becoming quite popular amo ng hi s peers and teachers. In fact he was voted as president of the Comm erce C lub at BYU. These accomplishments were particularly amazing becaus e he wa s often called home to help on the farm, and still managed to ge t high ma rks on his test. He loved school and was always anxious to obta in a degre e.
In May of 1924 Joseph was called to serve a mission for The Church of Je s us Christ of Latter Day Saints in the North Central States. Accordin g t o the mission journal he left for posterity, he enjoyed his mission a nd l oved the gospel will all his heart. He also made a book of picture s fro m his mission, but unfortunately he never wrote anything on them s o no on e is sure whom they are of. His mission lasted nearly three year s and inc luded a large area. Several times he served as president in var ious branc hes and later also served as conference president. In this cap acity, he s pent a lot of time traveling all over the mission, helping tr ain new miss ionaries.
During the course of his mission, Joseph acquainted an elderly sister w h o he baptized towards the end of his mission. She had no family of he r ow n so she sort of adopted him and his later family. Joe’s children kn ew he r as Grandmother Cromely. While they never met her, she would sen d them c ards and presents on birthdays and at Christmas. In her letters , she reco unted how much Joseph meant to her and how much the gospel h e brought wit h him meant to her. She continued to keep in contact for th e rest of he r life.
Joseph first met his future wife, Iva Laura Jones at a Gold and Green Ba l l. She was on the stake board for mutual and thus was there helping wi t h refreshments. One of Joe’s buddies asked her to dance and told her th a t there was a fellow standing over there who badly wanted to meet her a n d was claiming he was going to marry her. She jokingly replied, “You g o a sk him if he has his trousseau ready and everything ready for a home. ” La ter that evening, Joe and Iva were introduced and he asked her to da nce . As they were dancing, he said, “You might as well prepare yoursel f fo r it, I’m going to marry you and I don’t give up easily.” She laughe d an d replied; “I’ve heard that before.” That Sunday he took her out an d the y later attended the Junior Prom together. After having been on a f ew dat es with him Iva noted that although she felt she was treated wit h respec t by other dates, she had never been treated as beautifully by a nyone els e before. He brought out the best in her, as he did with the ma jority o f the people he knew and he gave her a special feeling of worth.
Several qualities that Iva admired in Joe included his sense of humor, h u mility, and friendliness. He never judged anyone. He chose his friend s ba sed on their character rather than on money or prestige. He was quit e pop ular and admired by many. People would say that Joe never met a str anger . Also, he was very neat. He kept his clothes immaculate although s ometim es they were a little well worn. Yet, the most endearing quality a bout Jo e for Iva was his great love for his mother.
Joseph’s mother, Sarah Dunkley Benson was kind and very caring. The fami l y used to say that Joe was always her favorite. During the last few mon th s of her life while she was battling cancer, she wanted Joseph to be w it h her. So, he rented his home in Provo and moved up to Idaho with hi s fam ily to stay with her.
On the other hand, Joseph’s Father was a very stern man and fairly opini o nated. He was a hard worker and expected his children to be also. Duri n g one of their visits back home, “Grandfather Benson” was tormenting Jo se ph’s son, Joe, by spraying him with the garden hose every time he cam e ou tside. Sarah would tell him that he really should not tease him lik e that , but he thought it was funny. Later that night, all the men got d resse d up for a priesthood meeting. The younger boys were mischievousl y laughi ng at something. When Grandfather Benson came out of the house , Joe was s tanding outside with the hose and one of the other boys turne d it on. H e pointed it right at Grandpa, soaking him. Grandfather was re ally angr y but Sarah came out and said, “Leave him alone George, you’v e been doin g that all day to him and he’s just following your example. ” Needless t o say, Grandfather Benson did not tease Joe anymore.
On September 8, 1927 Joseph and Iva were married to each other for Tim e a nd All Eternity in the Salt Lake Temple. Iva claimed she marred him f or h is outstanding qualities, his high ideals, his sincerity, and his ab ilit y to bring out the best in others. Joseph was twenty-seven when the y wed.
Joseph treated his wife like a queen. In fact, it was difficult for Iv a t o get him to let her do anything strenuous because he would always tr y t o find someone else to do it for her. For example, because Joe had al way s helped his mother do the wash on the farm, he vowed as a boy that h is w ife would never have to do that. Of course, when he was a child, i t was m uch more of a chore because it required pumping water into a grea t big ke ttle that was brought in and heated on the stove. Then his mothe r would s crub the clothes and pump more water to rinse them. Finally, sh e would dr y them by hanging them on bushes and the fence, or in the wint ertime, al l over the house because she didn’t have a clothesline.
By the time he married, electric washing machines and hot water heater s h ad been invented making the task much easier. Even so, he arranged fo r wo men to do their washing every week. However, as soon as a baby cam e along , Iva argued that she needed to wash the diapers more than onc e a week s o he bought her the best washing machine he could find. Yet, e ven then th ey would send the heavy things like sheets and blankets to th e cleaners b ecause he did not want her to have to work too hard.
Joseph and Iva both wanted a large family like the ones they had grow n u p in. On March 12, 1929 their first child, Colleen, was born. About t wo y ears later they had a son named Joe Dell. They wanted more children , bu t it was not until just before he died that Iva found out she was pr egnan t with a third child. Joseph was often inclined to spoil his childr en. Iv a had to be the disciplinarian in the home because he could not st and t o spank them or speak crossly. In fact, Colleen only remembers on e time w hen he did get angry with her. And, she is sure she deserved i t because s he kept arguing about wanting something she should not have.
Colleen and Joe learned right and wrong from their parent’s examples. Th e y were always very active in the LDS church. Regularly they attended t h e Salt Lake Temple, and then would talk about how much it meant it the m . Joseph often talked to his children about the gospel and told him th e i mportance of serving others. He was always doing something for someon e o r going somewhere on some kind of church assignment. He was a usefu l asse t to the Sunday School for many years. After all, he had a knack f or hand ling disruptive classes of eleven, twelve, and thirteen-year-ol d boys.
Joseph and Iva were very careful with their money. They tried to sav e a s much as they could, and never bought anything until they could affo rd t o pay cash for it. As a result, it took several years to furnish the ir ho me. Economically, times were hard for most of the world. They wer e in th e middle of a depression, and while Joseph had a good job, he cou ld neve r be sure how long it would last because so many companies were f olding.
Joseph worked as a regional representative for a company that made car r e pair kits. He often had to take business trips to Nevada, Idaho, and So ut hern California. However, his family was his highest priority, and h e wa s always happy to be back home. When he returned he would bring surp rise s with him. One time he was unable to return in time for Colleen’s s ixt h birthday and therefore sent her a beautiful birthday card that expr esse d how much he wished he could be there and how much he loved her. Th is wa s very important to her. It was probably the first piece of mail sh e rece ived with her name on it. When he did finally return he brought an other s urprise gift that was a dresser set of a comb, brush, and mirror.
Right after receiving this job, Joseph decided that he needed to buy a n e w car for all the traveling he would do. So he bought a brand-new Mod e l T Ford. Whenever they were in a new city and accidentally broke a tra ff ic rule while trying to find their way around, they would just spend m or e time taking the policeman for a ride in their car and did not get th e t icket.
When the president of his company asked Joseph to spend some time in Cal i fornia setting up branches and hiring people there, he really did not w an t to go because it would mean leaving his family for over a month. So , h e convinced Iva to take enough money out of their savings to bring th ei r whole family down to Los Angeles for a sort of vacation. His motto w as , “Don’t miss opportunities, they may never come again.”
Thus, they left in January to drive to Los Angeles. At that time, practi c ally the entire drive was just desert, and the tracks across it were t h e only roads. Tires were not built as well then, and they had to repai r s everal on the way. Additionally, and car had a fire under it once, an d th ey had to stop to put it out. The children thought this was a grea t adven ture but Joseph had different impressions as he kept getting san d in hi s eyes when he was trying to repair things from little kids throw ing it t o put out the fire. Fortunately, Iva took the children to look f or cactu s and things so he could keep his temper down.
When they got to LA, which was a much smaller city back then, they rent e d an apartment in the middle of town. There was a flower shop on the co rn er where someone was always selling flowers from their gardens out fro nt . Every day they would go down and pick out a bouquet to give to thei r mo ther. They also spent a lot of time going to the beach and had load s of f un. Little did they know then that this was the last vacation the y woul d take together. A few months later the bank where they had thei r saving s failed and Joe said that he was so glad they used their mone y to go t o California because it would have just been lost.
Joseph loved to plan family activities that he thought his children wou l d like. One winter they had a particularly hard and long winter and th e c hildren were longing to play outside. So, Joe said they were going t o hav e a picnic. They packed a basket and got out the picnic blanket the n sa t down in the living room on the new carpet. Joseph built a roarin g fir e in the fireplace and they roasted marshmallow and weenies over it . Th e carpet surely had some damage caused to it, but Joe did not mind a nd sa id they needed something to be happy about.
Joe had an interesting nightly ritual. As soon as he was ready to leav e t he office, he would call to say he was headed home. Then, to keep awa ke w hile driving, he always sang a song that he made up by combining a f ew li nes out of about six different songs. He had a beautiful voice an d ofte n made up songs with his children. Iva could hear him as soon as h e turne d onto their road. So, she would meet him at the back door, openi ng it fo r him. He would park his car in the garage, shut the door, wal k in and ki ss her on the cheek. Then he pushed his hat to the back of hi s head and g o straight to the refrigerator to see what was in there. Hi s favorite wa s cream pies, so Iva always made sure she had something lik e that.
Admirably, Joseph never felt like he was above anyone else. In one incid e nce, several couples including Iva and he were on their way to a very n ic e formal affair when a lady with a questionable reputation from abou t a b lock away called to Joe. She had done some of their laundry when Iv a wa s down with the babies but Joe didn’t mention that. Instead, he walk ed ri ght up to her, put his arm around her and introduced her to the oth er cou ples standing there saying she had helped them out in a time of ne ed.
Joseph died April 24th, 1936 leaving behind two children and a wife wh o w as pregnant with their third. He left for work one day feeling fine , bu t came home looking horribly ill. The doctors diagnosed it as strept ococc us, which was very new then, and they were just beginning to recogn ize it . They did not have any antibiotics to fight it. Consequently, th e famil y had three out of four friends who had it die of the illness wit hin jus t a few weeks.
Their son Joe was sick at the same time with Scarlet Fever. He was in o n e room and his Dad was in the next with the hall between them. They wou l d talk across the hall making all sorts of plans for that summer. Witho u t even realizing what was happening little Joe saw the paramedics carr y h is Dad out on a stretcher.
Joseph was always a charitable man inside the family and out. He was alw a ys perfect in the eyes of Iva, and never criticized or found fault wit h h er. He never spoke an unkind word to her, and made their marriage th e bes t nine years of Iva’s life.
Years after his death people would come up to his family and tell the m o f the wonderful things he did for them. Times were hard for many beca us e of the depression. But, as long as Joseph had a job, he knew he coul d h elp others. He used to take baskets of food to the families where the re w as illness or a death. Also he anonymously sent coal to several wido ws ho mes during the wintertime. One of the ladies eventually got the del iverym an to reveal where it was coming from, and she told the others. Th ey al l expressed their gratitude to him by sending his family cakes.
Joseph Dunkley Benson left behind a tremendous legacy. He served selfles s ly, never telling anyone about what he did. When he saw something tha t ne eded to be done, he immediately went to work. He never put off til l tomor row what should be done today. Throughout his life he always pu t his fami ly first. The gospel, of which he had a strong testimony, wa s also a bi g part of his life. He was considerate of everyone and kind t o all he kne w. | Benson, Joseph Dunkley (I318)
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Joseph Giles Carling, 90, our dear husband, father, grandfather, and gre a t-grandfath
er, passed away peacefully at home May 3, 2002.
Joe was born July 21, 1911 in Lehi, UT to Jesse H. and Emeline (Carlin g ) Giles. Since his mother died at his birth, he was raised by an uncl e an d aunt, Ernest and Lizzie Carling, and assumed the maternal Carlin g surna me. Joe lived his early life in Fillmore, UT working hard at th e chores o f farming, animal care, milking, and gardening. He also playe d hard at sp orts, hunting, fishing, swimming, horse lore, and music (sax ophone). He g raduated from Millard High, 1930.
After several years working in Millard County and Bryce Canyon he attend e d and graduated from Utah State University in Logan. There he met Glad y s Gessel, and they married in the Salt Lake LDS Temple. He taught scho o l for a short period in Vernon, UT then attended University of Michiga n w here he received a Master of Science in Public Health. His early care er w as centered in Public Health service in Vancouver, WA and as Directo r o f Utah Health Education Services. Eventually he returned to his teach in g career and became a popular, respected, and well loved teacher at Gr ani te and Olympus High Schools.
Joe was always active in the LDS Church. His services included bishopric s , branch president, mission area leader, priesthood leader, teacher, a n d audio-visual specialist in Marlborough and Arlington Hills Wards an d i n the Northwestern States Mission. He was a true gentleman, loved t o be o f service to others and was always anxious to offer a helping han d to fri end, family, neighbor, or strang-er. His good nature, patience , and en-du ring smile were characteristics that brought so many to lov e and adore hi m. He loved life. He loved the good earth, the streams, th e mountains, th e animals, and the seasons. Above all, he loved his famil y. He so often s aid, "I've had a wonderful life." We all agree, even tho ugh it is hard t o say goodbye.
Joe is survived by his wife, Gladys; two sons, Joseph Clair, Nick (Alice ) ; three daughters, Kathryn Wilson (Ted), Marilee Latta, Betsy Bernhise l ( Kurt); 23 grandchildren, and 31 great-grandchildren.
We all love you, "Grandpa Joe", and will miss you so very much. Your inf l uence will be a sustaining strength in our lives for generations and be yo nd. May you now rest for a season.
Services will be Tues. May 7, 11:30 a.m., Arlington Hills Chapel, 134 5 E . 340 N. (SLC). Friends and family may visit at the chapel one hour b efor e services. Interment, Salt Lake Memorial
Mausoleum, 1001 E. 11th Ave. | Giles, Joseph (I250)
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